Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics, 2nd Edition

by Keith Johnson (University of California, Berkeley)

• ISBN13: 9781405101233
• ISBN10: 1405101237
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Newly revised and expanded, Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics provides readers with an accessible yet rigorous introduction to phonetics and speech sciences. The first chapters introduce basic acoustics, audition, signal processing, and the acoustic theory of speech production. The book then surveys the major classes of sounds, describing them acoustically, auditorily, and perceptually. This second edition includes a new chapter on speech perception and additional sections on digital filtering and cross-linguistic vowel and consonant perception. The successful first edition received high praise, and the enhancements to the second edition make it an even more valuable resource for students.

Author Biography

Keith Johnson is Professor of Linguistics at Ohio State University. He has published articles on speech perception, acoustic and articulatory phonetics, and psycholinguistics; he is co-editor of Talker Variability in Speech Processing (with John Mullennix, 1997) and The Role of Speech Perception in Phonology (with Beth Hume, 2001).

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	viii
Introduction	1	(2)
Basic Acoustics and Acoustic Filters	3	(16)
The sensation of sound	3	(1)
The propagation of sound	4	(2)
Types of sounds	6	(8)
Simple periodic waves	6	(2)
Complex periodic waves	8	(4)
Aperiodic waves	12	(2)
Acoustic filters	14	(5)
Exercises	17	(2)
Digital Signal Processing	19	(27)
Continuous versus discrete signals	19	(1)
Analog-to-digital conversion	20	(8)
Sampling	21	(3)
Quantization	24	(4)
Signal analysis methods	28	(18)
Auto-correlation pitch tracking	28	(3)
RMS amplitude	31	(2)
Fast Fourier transform (FFT)	33	(4)
Digital filters	37	(3)
Linear predictive coding (LPC)	40	(2)
Spectra and spectrograms	42	(3)
Exercises	45	(1)
Basic Audition	46	(13)
Anatomy of the peripheral auditory system	46	(1)
The auditory sensation of loudness	47	(4)
Frequency response of the auditory system	51	(2)
Auditory representations	53	(6)
Exercises	57	(2)
Speech Perception	59	(20)
A speech perception experiment	59	(5)
Maps from distances	64	(2)
The perceptual map of fricatives	66	(5)
The perceptual map of [place]	71	(3)
The limits of perceptual universality: A cross-linguistic map of Chinese tones	74	(5)
Exercises	78	(1)
The Acoustic Theory of Speech Production: Deriving Schwa	79	(23)
Voicing	79	(3)
Voicing quanta	82	(1)
Vocal tract filtering	83	(2)
Pendulums, standing waves, and vowel formants	85	(12)
LPC spectral analysis	97	(5)
Exercises	101	(1)
Vowels	102	(18)
Tube models of vowel production	102	(5)
Perturbation theory	107	(4)
``Preferred'' vowels - quantal theory and adaptive dispersion	111	(2)
Vowel formants and the acoustic vowel space	113	(1)
Auditory and acoustic representations of vowels	113	(4)
Cross-linguistic vowel perception	117	(3)
Exercises	119	(1)
Fricatives	120	(15)
Turbulence	120	(4)
Place of articulation in fricatives	124	(3)
Quantal theory and fricatives	127	(2)
Fricative auditory spectra	129	(3)
Dimensions of fricative perception	132	(3)
Exercises	133	(2)
Stops and Affricats	135	(14)
Source functions for stops and affricates	136	(5)
Phonation types	136	(3)
Sound sources in stops and affricates	139	(2)
Vocal tract filter functions in stops	141	(3)
Affricates	144	(1)
Auditory properties of stops	145	(2)
Stop perception in different vowel contexts	147	(2)
Exercises	148	(1)
Nasals and Laterals	149	(20)
Bandwidth	149	(2)
Nasal stops	151	(9)
Laterals	160	(3)
Nasalization	163	(3)
Nasal consonant perception	166	(3)
Exercises	168	(1)
References	169	(5)
Answers to Selected Short-answer Questions	174	(5)
Index	179