Acoustics for Engineers

by Blauert, Jens; Xiang, Ning

• ISBN13: 9783642033926
• ISBN10: 364203392X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-10-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Blauert's and Xiang's "Acoustics for Engineers" provides the material for an introductory course in engineering acoustics for students with basic knowledge in mathematics. In the second, enlarged edition, the teaching aspects of the book have been substantially improved. Carefully selected examples illustrate the application of acoustic principles and problems are provided for training."Acoustics for Engineers" is designed for extensive teaching at the university level. Under the guidance of an academic teacher it is sufficient as the sole textbook for the subject. Each chapter deals with a well defined topic and represents the material for a two-hour lecture. The 15 chapters alternate between more theoretical and more application-oriented concepts.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
Definition of Three Basic Terms	p. 1
Specialized Areas within Acoustics	p. 3
About the History of Acoustics	p. 4
Relevant Quantities in Acoustics	p. 5
Some Numerical Examples	p. 6
Levels and Logarithmic Frequency Intervals	p. 8
Double-Logarithmic Plots	p. 10
Mechanic and Acoustic Oscillations	p. 13
Basic Elements of Linear, Oscillating, Mechanic Systems	p. 14
Parallel Mechanic Oscillators	p. 16
Free Oscillations of Parallel Mechanic Oscillators	p. 17
Forced Oscillation of Parallel Mechanic Oscillators	p. 19
Energies and Dissipation Losses	p. 22
Basic Elements of Linear, Oscillating, Acoustic Systems	p. 24
The Helmholtz Resonator	p. 25
Electromechanic and Electroacoustic Analogies	p. 27
The Electromechanic Analogies	p. 28
The Electroacoustic Analogy	p. 29
Levers and Transformers	p. 29
Rules for Deriving Analogous Electric Circuits	p. 31
Synopsis of Electric Analogies of Simple Oscillators	p. 33
Circuit Fidelity, Impedance Fidelity and Duality	p. 33
Examples of Mechanic and Acoustic Oscillators	p. 34
Electromechanic and Electroacoustic Transduction	p. 37
Electromechanic Couplers as Two-or Three-Port Elements	p. 38
The Carbon Microphone-A Controlled Coupler	p. 39
Fundamental Equations of Electroacoustic Transducers	p. 40
Reversibility	p. 43
Coupling of Electroacoustic Transducers to the Sound Field	p. 44
Pressure and Pressure-Gradient Receivers	p. 46
Further Directional Characteristics	p. 49
Absolute Calibration of Transducers	p. 52
Magnetic-Field Transducers	p. 55
The Magnetodynamic Transduction Principle	p. 57
Magnetodynamic Sound Emitters and Receivers	p. 59
The Electromagnetic Transduction Principle	p. 65
Electromagnetic Sound Emitters and Receivers	p. 67
The Magnetostrictive Transduction Principle	p. 68
Magnetostrictive Sound Transmitters and Receivers	p. 69
Electric-Field Transducers	p. 71
The Piezoelectric Transduction Principle	p. 71
Piezoelectric Sound Emitters and Receivers	p. 74
The Electrostrictive Transduction Principle	p. 78
Electrostrictive Sound Emitters and Receivers	p. 79
The Dielectric Transduction Principle	p. 80
Dielectric Sound Emitters and Receivers	p. 81
Further Transducer and Coupler Principles	p. 85
The Wave Equation in Fluids	p. 87
Derivation of the One-Dimensional Wave Equation	p. 89
Three-Dimensional Wave Equation in Cartesian Coordinates	p. 94
Solutions of the Wave Equation	p. 95
Field Impedance and Power Transport in Plane Waves	p. 96
Transmission-Line Equations and Reflectance	p. 97
The Acoustic Measuring Tube	p. 99
Horns and Stepped Ducts	p. 103
Webster's Differential Equation-the Horn Equation	p. 104
Conical Horns	p. 105
Exponential Horns	p. 107
Radiation Impedances and Sound Radiation	p. 110
Steps in the Area Function	p. 111
Stepped Ducts	p. 113
Spherical Sound Sources and Line Arrays	p. 117
Spherical Sound Sources of 0th Order	p. 118
Spherical Sound Sources of 1st Order	p. 122
Higher-Order Spherical Sound Sources	p. 124
Line Arrays of Monopoles	p. 125
Analogy to Fourier Transforms as Used in Signal Theory	p. 127
Directional Equivalence of Sound Emitters and Receivers	p. 130
Piston Membranes, Diffraction and Scattering	p. 133
The Rayleigh Integral	p. 134
Fraunhofer's Approximation	p. 135
The Far Field of Piston Membranes	p. 136
The Near Field of Piston Membranes	p. 138
General Remarks on Diffraction and Scattering	p. 142
Dissipation, Reflection, Refraction, and Absorption	p. 145
Dissipation During Sound Propagation in Air	p. 147
Sound Propagation in Porous Media	p. 148
Reflection and Refraction	p. 151
Wall Impedance and Degree of Absorption	p. 152
Porous Absorbers	p. 155
Resonance Absorbers	p. 158
Geometric Acoustics and Diffuse Sound Fields	p. 161
Mirror Sound Sources and Ray Tracing	p. 162
Flutter Echoes	p. 165
Impulse Responses of Rectangular Rooms	p. 167
Diffuse Sound Fields	p. 169
Reverberation-Time Formulae	p. 172
Application of Diffuse Sound Fields	p. 173
Isolation of Air-and Structure-Borne Sound	p. 177
Sound in Solids-Structure-Borne Sound	p. 177
Radiation of Airborne Sound by Bending Waves	p. 179
Sound-Transmission Loss of Single-Leaf Walls	p. 181
Sound-Transmission Loss of Double-Leaf Walls	p. 184
The Weighted Sound-Reduction Index	p. 186
Isolation of Vibrations	p. 189
Isolation of Floors with Regard to Impact Sounds	p. 192
Noise Control-A Survey	p. 195
Origins of Noise196
Radiation of Noise	p. 196
Noise Reduction as a System Problem	p. 200
Noise Reduction at the Source	p. 203
Noise Reduction Along the Propagation Paths	p. 204
Noise Reduction at the Receiver's End	p. 208
Appendices	p. 211
Complex Notation for Sinusoidal Signals	p. 211
Complex Notation for Power and Intensity	p. 212
Supplementary Textbooks for Self Study	p. 214
Exercises	p. 215
Letter Symbols, Notations and Units	p. 234
Index	p. 239
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