Ad Hoc Wireless Networks A Communication-Theoretic Perspective

by Tonguz, Ozan K.; Ferrari, Gianluigi

• ISBN13: 9780470091104
• ISBN10: 047009110X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-04-21
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

Ad hoc networking is a new area in wireless communications that is going to prevail in the next few decades. Understanding the full potential of this technology will lead to new applications both civilian and military, such as military ad hoc wireless networks, environmental sensor networks, car-based ad hoc networks, biomedical networks and many more.This text takes a "bottom-up" perspective.The physical layer performance of ad hoc wireless networks is studied in detail showing the strong dependence of higher layer performance on physical layer capabilities and limitations.A communication-theoretic perspective on the design of ad hoc wireless networks is presented.The interaction between physical layer and higher layers is discussed providing a new perspective in the practical design of ad hoc wireless networks.Topics in the book range from the basic principles of networking and communication systems through to applications making it ideal for practicing and R&D engineers in the wireless communications and networking industries looking to understand this new area. The inclusion of problems and solutions at the end of each chapter furthers understanding and makes it a highly relevant text for post-graduate and senior undergraduates on communication systems and computer science courses.

Author Biography

<b>Ozan Tonguz</b> is the Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Co-Director of the Centre for Wireless and Broadband Networking at Carnegie Mellon University, USA.&#160; He has twenty years teaching experience at universities in the US and has ten years industry consulting experience. He has also been granted service awards from the IEEE Communications Society and the Optical Society of America. <p> <b>Dr Ferrari</b> completed his Ph.D. in 2002 and is an Assistant Professor at University of Parma in Italy.&#160; He is currently on leave carrying out research on ad hoc wireless networks at Carnegie Mellon University, USA in Professor Tonguz&#8217;s department.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
List of Acronyms	xv
Related Work and Preliminary Considerations	1	(14)
Introduction	1	(1)
Related Work	2	(3)
A Routing-Based Approach	2	(1)
An Information-Theoretic Approach	3	(1)
A Dynamic Control Approach	4	(1)
A Game-Theoretic Approach	4	(1)
A New Perspective for the Design of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks	5	(4)
Overview of the Underlying Assumptions in the Following Chapters	9	(2)
The Main Philosophy Behind the Book	11	(4)
A Communication-Theoretic Framework for Multi-hop Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Ideal Scenario	15	(28)
Introduction	15	(1)
Preliminaries	16	(2)
Topology	16	(1)
Route Discovery	17	(1)
Average Number of Hops	18	(1)
Communication-Theoretic Basics	18	(5)
Bit Error Rate at the End of a Multi-hop Route	18	(2)
Link Signal-to-Noise Ratio	20	(3)
BER Performance Analysis	23	(6)
Uncoded Transmission	23	(4)
Coded Transmission	27	(2)
Network Behavior	29	(12)
Minimum Spatial Energy Density and Minimum Transmit Power for Full Connectivity	30	(4)
Connectivity: Average Sustainable Number of Hops	34	(6)
Lifetime of a Node	40	(1)
Concluding Remarks	41	(2)
A Communication-Theoretic Framework for Multi-hop Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Realistic Scenario	43	(42)
Introduction	43	(1)
Preliminaries	44	(2)
Communication-Theoretic Basics	46	(2)
Inter-node Interference	48	(2)
Geometric Considerations	48	(1)
Traffic Model	49	(1)
RESGO MAC Protocol	50	(14)
Scenario with Strong LOS and Interference from Nodes in Tier 1	50	(7)
Scenario with Strong LOS and Interference from Nodes in Tiers 1 and 2	57	(1)
Scenario with Strong Multipath (Rayleigh Fading)	58	(5)
Discussion	63	(1)
Resligo MAC Protocol	64	(9)
Scenario with Strong LOS	66	(3)
Scenario with Strong Multipath (Rayleigh Fading)	69	(3)
Discussion	72	(1)
Network Behavior	73	(10)
Minimum Spatial Energy Density and Minimum Transmit Power for Full Connectivity	73	(1)
Scenario with Strong LOS	73	(2)
Scenario with Strong Multipath (Rayleigh Fading)	75	(3)
Connectivity: Average Sustainable Number of Hops	78	(5)
Conclusions	83	(2)
Connectivity in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: A Physical Layer Perspective	85	(26)
Introduction	85	(1)
Quasi-regular Topology	86	(14)
A Formal Definition of Quasi-regular Topology	87	(1)
A Communication-Theoretic Approach	88	(5)
What Happens if Each Node has Two Spatial Neighbors?	93	(3)
What Happens if There is Inter-node Interference?	96	(4)
Random Topology	100	(9)
Related Work	100	(2)
Connectivity in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks with Random Topology	102	(2)
Evaluation of the Likelihood of Broadcast Percolation	104	(4)
What Happens if There is Inter-node Interference?	108	(1)
Concluding Remarks and Discussion	109	(2)
Effective Transport Capacity in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks	111	(32)
Introduction	111	(2)
Model and Assumptions	113	(2)
Preliminaries	115	(2)
Route Bit Error Rate	115	(1)
Link Signal-to-Noise Ratio	115	(2)
Average Sustainable Number of Hops	117	(1)
Single-Route Effective Transport Capacity	117	(3)
Aggregate Effective Transport Capacity	120	(11)
Ideal (no INI) Case	121	(2)
Realistic (INI) Case: RESGO MAC Protocol	123	(5)
Realistic (INI) Case: RESLIGO MAC Protocol	128	(3)
Comparison of the RESGO and Resligo MAC Protocols	131	(3)
Spread-RESGO: Improved RESGO MAC Protocol with Per-route Spreading Codes	134	(4)
Discussion	138	(3)
Concluding Remarks	141	(2)
Impact of Mobility on the Performance of Multi-hop Ad Hoc Wireless Networks	143	(24)
Introduction	143	(1)
Preliminaries	144	(5)
Ideal (no INI) Case	147	(1)
Realistic (INI) Case	147	(2)
Switching Models	149	(1)
Opportunistic Non-reservation-Based Switching	149	(1)
Reservation-Based Switching	150	(1)
Mobility Models	150	(7)
Direction-Persistent Mobility Model	150	(5)
Direction-Non-persistent (DNP) Mobility Model	155	(2)
Numerical Results	157	(6)
Direction-Persistent Mobility Model	157	(4)
Direction-Non-persistent Mobility Model	161	(2)
Conclusions	163	(4)
Route Reservation in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks	167	(28)
Introduction	167	(1)
Related Work	168	(1)
Network Models and Assumptions	169	(4)
Network Topology	169	(1)
Typical Routes	170	(1)
Bit Error Rate at the End of a Multi-hop Route	170	(2)
Retransmission Model	172	(1)
Mobility	172	(1)
The Two Switching Schemes	173	(3)
Reservation-Based Switching	173	(2)
Non-reservation-Based Switching	175	(1)
Analysis of the Two Switching Techniques	176	(6)
Reservation-Based Switching	176	(3)
Non-reservation-Based Switching	179	(3)
Results and Discussion	182	(11)
Switching Scheme and Traffic Load	182	(1)
Effects of Interference	183	(5)
Effects of the Number of Simultaneously Active Disjoint Routes	188	(1)
Effects of Node Spatial Density	189	(2)
Effects of Mobility	191	(1)
Implications on Practical Scenarios	192	(1)
Concluding Remarks	193	(2)
Optimal Common Transmit Power for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks	195	(24)
Introduction	195	(1)
Model and Assumptions	196	(3)
Network Topology	196	(1)
Routing	197	(2)
Medium Access Control Protocol	199	(1)
Connectivity	199	(3)
Square Grid Topology	200	(1)
Two-Dimensional Poisson Topology	201	(1)
BER at the End of a Multi-hop Route	202	(2)
Square Grid Topology	202	(2)
Random Topology	204	(1)
Optimal Common Transmit Power	204	(1)
Optimal Common Transmit Power for Networks with Square Grid Topology	204	(1)
Optimal Common Transmit Power for Networks with Random Topology	205	(1)
Performance Metrics	205	(3)
Node and Network Lifetime	205	(1)
Effective Transport Capacity	206	(2)
Results and Discussion	208	(8)
Optimal Transmit Power and Data Rate	208	(2)
Optimal Transmit Power and Node Spatial Density	210	(1)
Effects of Strong Propagation Path Loss	211	(2)
Connectivity Robustness to Node Spatial Density Changes	213	(2)
Practical Determination of the Optimal Transmit Power	215	(1)
Related Work	216	(1)
Conclusions	217	(2)
The Routing Problem in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: A Cross-Layer Perspective	219	(30)
Introduction	219	(1)
Experimental Evidence	220	(1)
Preliminaries: Analytical Models and Assumptions	221	(6)
Physical Layer	221	(4)
Medium Access Control	225	(1)
Basic Networking Assumptions	226	(1)
Route Selection: Simulation Study	227	(8)
Network Topology	227	(1)
BER-Based Routing versus Shortest-Path Routing	227	(8)
Network Performance Evaluation	235	(8)
Average Hop Length Models	235	(4)
Retransmission Model	239	(1)
Packet Error Rate	239	(1)
Delay	240	(3)
Discussion	243	(3)
Cross-layer Routing: A Practical Perspective	243	(3)
Mobility	246	(1)
Related Work	246	(2)
Conclusions	248	(1)
Concluding Remarks	249	(16)
Introduction	249	(1)
Extensions of the Theoretical Framework: Open Problems	249	(7)
Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Random Versus Uniform Topologies	249	(2)
Impact of Clustering on the BER Performance in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks	251	(2)
Impact of Receiver Sensitivity on the Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks	253	(1)
Spectral Efficiency--Connectivity Tradeoff in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks	254	(2)
MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications	256	(1)
Smart Antennas and Directional Antennas	256	(1)
Network Architectures	256	(1)
Network Application Architectures	257	(1)
Standards	258	(5)
Applications	263	(1)
Conclusions	264	(1)
Appendix A Analysis of the Inter-node Interference	265	(22)
Introduction	265	(1)
Exact Computation of the Average Link BER in a Scenario with Strong LOS	265	(11)
Interference from Nodes in Tier 1	266	(5)
Interference from Nodes in Tiers 1 and 2	271	(2)
Interference from Nodes in Tier 2	273	(1)
Simulation Scenario	274	(2)
Exact Computation of the Average Link BER in a Scenario with Strong Multipath (Rayleigh Fading)	276	(4)
Interference from Nodes in Tier 1	277	(1)
Interference from Nodes in Tiers 1 and 2	278	(1)
Interference from Nodes in Tiers 1, 2 and 3	278	(2)
LOS and Multipath (Rice Fading)	280	(1)
Gaussian Assumption for the Interference Noise	280	(7)
Route Bit Error Rate	282	(2)
Interference Power	284	(3)
Appendix B Proof of Theorem 1, Chapter 5	287	(6)
Appendix C Route Discovery	293	(2)
Appendix D Validation of Analytical Results	295	(4)
Validation of Network Goodput	295	(1)
Validation of Delay	295	(2)
Validation of Average Number of Simultaneously Active Routes	297	(2)
Appendix E Derivation of Joint CDF of W and Φ	299	(8)
References	307	(20)
Index	327