Addiction

Summary

Drug and alcohol abuse elicits significant biological changes in the brain that drive compulsive behavior and lead to addiction. Abrupt cessation leads to withdrawal, craving, and relapse. A complete understanding of the brain changes produced by abused substances is therefore necessary if we are to develop treatments for drug dependence. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine explores the biological basis of addiction to alcohol, nicotine, and other psychoactive drugs. Contributors describe the molecular targets of these drugs, the resulting changes to neural networks, and the various genetic, developmental, and behavioral factors that influence the progression from abuse to addiction. Animal models of addictive behavior and techniques to dissect neural circuits are also described. This volume includes discussion of compounds currently used or under development to treat drug dependence. Thus, it is an indispensable reference for neuroscientists and all who are interested in reducing the public health burden of substance abuse.

Preface	p. ix
Introduction: Rational Development of Addiction Pharmacotherapies: Successes, Failures, and Prospects	p. 1
Methods and Models
Animal Studies of Addictive Behavior	p. 9
Responses to Novelty and Vulnerability to Cocaine Addiction: Contribution of a Multi-Symptomatic Animal Model	p. 23
Systems Level Neuroplasticity in Drug Addiction	p. 43
Optogenetic Strategies to Dissect the Neural Circuits that Underlie Reward and Addiction	p. 63
Psychostimulants
Mechanisms of Psychostimulant-Induced Structural Plasticity	p. 71
Roles of Nucleus Accumbens CREB and Dynorphin in Dysregulation of Motivation	p. 95
Cocaine-Evoked Synaptic Plasticity of Excitatory Transmission in the Ventral Tegmental Area	p. 111
Psychostimulant-Induced Neuroadaptations in Nucleus Accumbens AMPA Receptor Transmission	p. 121
Epigenetics and Psychostimulant Addiction	p. 135
Opiates
Opiate-Induced Molecular and Cellular Plasticity of Ventral Tegmental Area and Locus Coeruleus Catecholamine Neurons	p. 153
Clutamate Mechanisms Underlying Opiate Memories	p. 169
The Neurobiology of Opiate Motivation	p. 183
Medications Development for Opioid Abuse	p. 199
Nicotine
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Behaviors Related to Nicotine Addiction	p. 211
Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Nicotine Exposure during Adolescence for Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Network Function	p. 223
Mesolimbic Dopamine and Habenulo-Interpeduncular Pathways in Nicotine Withdrawal	p. 237
The "Stop" and "Go" of Nicotine Dependence: Role of CABA and Glutamate	p. 251
Translational Research in Nicotine Dependence	p. 269
Alcohol
Ethanol Effects on N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis	p. 281
The Central Amygdala and Alcohol: Role of ¿-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate, and Neuropeptides	p. 295
Opioid Pharmacogenetics of Alcohol Addiction	p. 309
Cannabinoids
A Brain on Cannabinoids: The Role of Dopamine Release in Reward Seeking	p. 319
Synaptic Targets of ¿⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol in the Central Nervous System	p. 333
Index	p. 347
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