Adult Development and Aging

by Papalia, Diane E

• ISBN13: 9780070487567
• ISBN10: 0070487561
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-01-01
• Publisher: MCGRAW

Summary

Papalia's Adult Development and Aging delivers the most current research findings in the field while providing a clear and concise writing style praised by students and instructors. The Third Edition provides a positive perspective on adult development and aging, enhanced by strong multicultural and diversity coverage. The Third Edition includes new content on younger and middle-aged adults, providing a better balance between adulthood and aging.

Table of Contents

List of Boxes	xi
Preface	xiii
To The Student	xvii
PART ONE EXPLORING THE WORLD OF ADULTHOOD	1	(74)
Adult Development and Aging in A Changing World	2	(34)
Focus	3	(2)
Betty Friedan
Approaching the Study of Adult Development and Aging: An Overview	5	(4)
What is Adult Development?
How the Study of Adult Development and Aging Evolved
A Lifespan Developmental Approach
Basic Concepts	9	(9)
Aspects of Development
Periods of Adulthood
Meanings of Age
Influences on the Course of Adult Development and Aging
Changing Images and Realities of Aging	18	(15)
Cultural Views of Aging
The Shifting Demographics of Aging
The Aging Population: A Profile of Diversity
Challenges and Dilemmas of a Graying World
New Roles for Older Adults
Summary	33	(1)
Key Terms	34	(2)
Metatheoretical Perspectives and Research Methods	36	(39)
Focus	37	(2)
Erik H. Erikson
Metatheories	39	(7)
Three Metatheories: Mechanistic, Organismic, and Contextual
Applying Metatheories
Basic Research Methods	46	(8)
Sampling
Data Collection
Basic Research Designs	54	(7)
Case Studies
Correlational Studies
Experiments
Quasi-Experimental Designs: The Problem of Internal Validity	61	(7)
Cross-Sectional Studies
Longitudinal Studies
Time-Lag Studies
Sequential Designs
Ethics of Research	68	(3)
Summary	71	(2)
Key Terms	73	(2)
PART TWO THE WORLDS OF BODY AND MIND	75	(204)
Longevity and Physiological Aging	76	(38)
Focus	77	(2)
Martha Graham
Lifespan and the Aging Process	79	(11)
Trends in Life Expectancy
How Far Can the Human Lifespan Be Extended?
Quality versus Quantity of Life
Theories of Biological Aging
Predicting Individual Longevity
Physical Appearance	90	(2)
Sensorimotor Functioning	92	(12)
Vision
Hearing
Taste and Smell
Touch, Pain, and Temperature
Motor Functions
Sexual and Reproductive Functioning	104	(8)
The Female Reproductive System
The Male Reproductive System
Sexuality and Aging
Summary	112	(1)
Key Terms	113	(1)
Health and Body Systems	114	(44)
Focus	115	(4)
Stephen Hawking
Health and Aging: A Lifespan Developmental Approach	119	(4)
Changes in Body Systems	123	(13)
Skeletal System
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Immune System
Neurological System
``Dread Diseases'' of Aging	136	(7)
Alzheimer's Disease
Cancer: A Disorder of Many Systems
Indirect Influences on Health	143	(4)
Age and Gender
Socioeconomic Status, Race, and Ethnicity
Relationships
Factors in Maintaining and Improving Health	147	(7)
Harmful Substances
Stress
Diet
Dental Care
Exercise
Summary	154	(3)
Key Terms	157	(1)
Memory	158	(40)
Focus	159	(2)
Laurence Olivier
Studying Memory Systems	161	(1)
Information-Processing Approach: Software of Memory	162	(14)
Processes: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
``Storehouses'': Sensory, Short-Term, and Long-Term
Aging and Long-Term Memory: Stability or Decline?
Summing Up: Memory and Age
Biological Approach: Hardware of Memory	176	(6)
Structures Controlling Conscious Memory
Structures Controlling Unconscious Memory
New Directions for Research	182	(1)
Aspects of Memory and Forgetting in Adulthood	183	(11)
Intrusion Errors: Remembering What Did Not Happen
Prospective Memory: Remembering to Do Something
Production Deficiencies in Strategies for Remembering
Metamemory: The View from Within
Mnemonics: Making the Most of Changing Memory
Forgetting and Its Surprising Benefits
Summary	194	(2)
Key Terms	196	(2)
Intelligence and Creativity	198	(42)
Focus	199	(2)
Akira Kurosawa
Intelligence and Its Measurement: The Psychometric Approach	201	(9)
What Is Intelligence?
Intelligence Tests and Scores
Tests and Cultural Bias
Influences on Older Adults' Test Performance
Psychometric Testing: A Preliminary Evaluation
Intellectual Development in Adulthood: Basic Issues	210	(17)
Is Intelligence One Ability or Many?
Does Intelligence Grow or Decline during Adulthood?
Do Changes in Intelligence Vary?
Does Intelligence Show Plasticity?
Summing Up: Intelligence and Age
Creativity	227	(10)
What Is Creativity?
Studying and Measuring Creativity
Creativity and Age
Summary	237	(2)
Key Terms	239	(1)
Mature Thought, Wisdom, and Moral Intelligence	240	(39)
FOCUS	241	(2)
Nelson Mandela
The Role of Experience	243	(5)
Applying Expertise
Solving Everyday Problems
Thinking Integratively
Postformal Thought: Beyond Piaget's Stages	248	(6)
How Postformal Thought Develops
Social Reasoning and Postformal Thought
Cultural Change and Postformal Thought
Criteria for Postformal Thought
A Lifespan Model of Cognitive Development	254	(1)
Wisdom	255	(10)
Wisdom in Folklore, Myth, and Philosophy
Psychological Concepts and Assessments
Summing Up: Wisdom and Age
Moral Development	265	(9)
Kohlberg's Theory: Moral Reasoning
Gilligan's Theory: Gender and Postformal Morality
Evaluating Kohlberg's and Gilligan's Theories
Intelligence, Creativity, Wisdom, and Moral Development: A Last Word	274	(2)
Summary	276	(2)
Key Terms	278	(1)
PART THREE THE SOCIAL WORLD	279	(122)
Education, Work, Leisure, and Retirement	280	(40)
FOCUS	281	(3)
Jimmy Carter
Education	284	(5)
College
Lifelong Learning
Adult Illiteracy
Work and Leisure	289	(15)
Vocational Choice and Career Development
Changing Occupational Patterns
Age and Job Performance
Occupational Stress
Unemployment
Work, Leisure, and Intellectual Growth
Retirement and Other Late-Life Options	304	(14)
To Retire or Not to Retire
Financing Retirement
Preparing for Retirement
How Do Retired People Use Their Time?
How Does Retirement Affect Well-Being?
How Does Retirement Affect Society?
Summary	318	(1)
Key Terms	319	(1)
Intimate Relationships and Lifestyles	320	(40)
FOCUS	321	(2)
Louise Erdrich
Michael Dorris
Foundations of Intimate Relationships	323	(6)
Friendship
Love
Sexuality
Nonmarital Lifestyle	329	(3)
Single Life
Homosexual Relationships
Cohabitation
Marital and Postmarital Lifestyles	332	(11)
Marriage
Divorce and Remarriage
What Makes Marriages Succeed?
Family Life	343	(13)
Changing Family Structures
Parenthood Today
Parenthood as a Developmental Experience
When Children Leave: The ``Empty Nest''
Parenthood, Role Changes, and Marital Satisfaction
Remaining Childless
Summary	356	(2)
Key Terms	358	(2)
Mature Kinship Ties and Living Arrangements	360	(41)
FOCUS	361	(2)
Marian Anderson
The Adult Family: Changing Roles and Relationships	363	(9)
Young Adult Children and Middle-Aged Parents
Middle-Aged Children and Elderly Parents
Siblings
Multigenerational Late-Life Families
Grandparenthood and Great-Grandparenthood	372	(8)
The Grandparent's Role
The Great-Grandparent's Role
Raising Grandchildren and Great-Grandchildren
Living Arrangements, Caregiving, and Community Support	380	(17)
Adult Children at Home: The Not-So-Empty Nest
Living Arrangements for Older Adults
Family Caregiving
Care of the Old-Old: An International Perspective
Summary	397	(2)
Key Terms	399	(2)
PART FOUR THE WORLD WITHIN	401	(126)
Personality Development	402	(42)
FOCUS	403	(2)
Eva Peron
Defining and Studying Personality	405	(5)
What Is Personality?
Measuring Personality
Origins of Personality: Inheritance and Experience
Models of Adult Personality: Stability or Change	410	(19)
Trait Models
Self-Concept Models
Stage Models
The Timing-of-Events Model
Gender and Personality	429	(11)
Gender Stereotypes, Gender Roles, and Gender Identity
Women's Personality Development: The Mills Studies
Synthesizing Approaches to Adult Personality Development	440	(1)
Summary	441	(2)
Key Terms	443	(1)
Mental Health, Coping, and Adjustment to Aging	444	(42)
FOCUS	445	(3)
Arthur Ashe
Models of Coping	448	(7)
Environmental Models
Behavioral Models
Coping-Style Models
Cognitive-Appraisal Model
``Successful Aging''	455	(8)
Normative Models
Balance Models
Laypeople's Views about Successful Aging
Destructive Behavior Patterns	463	(9)
Substance Use Disorders
Partner Abuse
Child Abuse and Neglect
Abuse of the Elderly
Mental Health in Late Life: A Lifespan Developmental Approach	472	(11)
Mental Health and Life Satisfaction
Mental Disorders
Assessing Strengths
Summary	483	(2)
Key Terms	485	(1)
Dealing With Death and Bereavement	486	(41)
FOCUS	487	(2)
Louisa May Alcott
Changing Perspectives on Death and Dying	489	(3)
Biological, Social, and Psychological Aspects of Death
The Study of Death: Thanatology and Death Education
Hospice Care
Facing Death	492	(11)
Attitudes toward Death and Dying
Approaching Death
Facing Bereavement	503	(11)
Forms and Patterns of Grief
Surviving a Spouse
Losing a Parent
Losing a Child
Controversial Issues	514	(7)
Suicide
Euthanasia
Finding Meaning and Purpose in Life and Death	521	(3)
Reviewing a Life
Overcoming Fear of Death
Development: A Lifelong Process
Summary	524	(1)
Key Terms	525	(2)
Glossary	527	(10)
Bibliography	537	(46)
Acknowledgments	583	(4)
Name Index	587	(12)
Subject Index	599