Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Sensing

by Geddes, Chris D.; Lakowicz, Joseph R.

• ISBN13: 9780387236445
• ISBN10: 0387236449
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-06-28
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Over the last decade, fluorescence has become the dominant tool in biotechnology and medical imaging. These exciting advances have been underpinned by the advances in time-resolved techniques and instrumentation, probe design, chemical / biochemical sensing, coupled with our furthered knowledge in biology. Complementary volumes 9 & 10, Advanced Concepts of Fluorescence Sensing: Small Molecule Sensing and Advanced Concepts of Fluorescence Sensing: Macromolecular Sensing, aim to summarize the current state of the art in fluorescent sensing. For this reason, Drs. Geddes and Lakowicz have invited chapters, encompassing a broad range of fluorescence sensing techniques. Some chapters deal with small molecule sensors, such as for anions, cations, and CO2, while others summarize recent advances in protein-based and macromolecular sensors. The Editors have, however, not included DNA or RNA based sensing in this volume, as this were reviewed in Volume 7 and is to be the subject of a more detailed volume in the near future.

Table of Contents

Protein-Based Biosensors with Polarization Transduction	1	(20)
Richard B. Thompson
Introduction	1	(1)
Principles of Operation	1	(2)
Advantages of Anisotropy-Based Sensing	3	(1)
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay	4	(5)
Anisotropy-Based Metal Ion Biosensing	9	(6)
Anisotropy-Based Sensing of Other Analytes Using Proteins as Transducers	15	(1)
Conclusions	16	(1)
Acknowledgments	17	(1)
References	17	(4)
GFP Sensors	21	(20)
Peter M. Haggie
A.S. Verkman
Introduction	21	(1)
General Principles of Engineering Fluorescent Protein Sensors	21	(2)
New Green and Related Fluorescent Proteins	23	(1)
GFP Mutants	23	(1)
Novel Fluorescent Proteins	24	(1)
GFP-Based Sensors	24	(11)
pH Sensors	24	(2)
Chloride/Halide Sensors	26	(2)
Sensors of Protease Activity	28	(1)
Calcium Sensors	28	(2)
Sensors of Calcium-Calmodulin	30	(1)
Sensors of Other Second Messengers	30	(1)
Sensors of Protein Kinase Activity	31	(1)
Sensors of G proteins	32	(1)
Metabolite Sensors	33	(1)
Sensors of Reduction-Oxidation (Redox) Potential	33	(1)
Nitration Sensors	34	(1)
Voltage Sensors	34	(1)
Perspective and Future Directions	35	(1)
Acknowledgments	35	(1)
References	36	(5)
Fluorescent Saccharide Sensors	41	(28)
Tony D James
Seiji Shinkai
Introduction References	41	(2)
Read-Out	43	(3)
Internal Charge Transfer (ICT)	43	(2)
Photoinduced electron transfer (PET)	45	(1)
Others	46	(1)
Interface	47	(9)
Internal Charge Transfer (ICT)	47	(1)
Photoinduced electron transfer (PET)	48	(6)
Others	54	(2)
Fluorescent Assay	56	(4)
Polymer Supported Sensors	60	(2)
Conclusions	62	(1)
References	62	(7)
Fluorescent Pebble Nano-Sensors and Nanoexplorers for Real-Time Intracellular and Biomedical Applications	69	(58)
Hao Xu
Sarah M. Buck
Raoul Kopelman
Martin A. Philbert
Murphy Brasuel
Eric Monson
Caleb Behrend
Brian Ross
Alnawaz Rehemtulla
Yong-Eun Lee Koo
Introduction	69	(3)
Background and History	69	(3)
Pebble Matrices: Design, Production, and Quality Control	72	(7)
Polyacrylamide PEBBLEs	73	(1)
Poly (decyl methacrylate) PEBBLEs	74	(2)
Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Sol-Gel Silica PEBBLEs	76	(3)
Classification and Characterization of Pebble Sensors	79	(19)
Ion Sensors	79	(12)
Gas Sensors and Biosensors	91	(7)
Pebble Sensors and Chemical Imaging Inside Live Cells	98	(7)
Pebble Delivery Methods	98	(2)
Typical Examples of Biological Applications of Pebble Nanosensors	100	(5)
Advantages and Limitations of Pebble Sensors	105	(6)
New Pebble Designs and Future Directions	111	(11)
Free Radical Sensors	111	(1)
MOONs, Tweezers, and Targeting	112	(8)
Nano-explorers and Nano-actuators	120	(2)
Acknowledgments	122	(1)
References	123	(4)
Aptamers as Emerging Probes for Macromolecular Sensing	127	(30)
Eun Jeong Cho
Manjula Rajendran
Andrew D. Ellington
Introduction	127	(1)
In Vitro Selection	127	(2)
Adaptation of Aptamers as Signaling Transduction Reagents for Macromolecular Sensing	129	(14)
Signaling Aptamers Based on Fluorescence Intensity Changes	130	(4)
Aptamer Beacons Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer	134	(8)
Signaling Aptamers Based on Fluorescence Anisotropy Changes	142	(1)
Application of Aptamers to Array Formats	143	(8)
Aptamer Chips for High-Throughput Screening	143	(2)
Sample Processing with Microwell-Based Aptamer Arrays	145	(5)
Chip-Based Detection of Changes in Aptamer Anisotropy	150	(1)
Conclusions and Future Aspects	151	(1)
Acknowledgments	151	(1)
References	151	(6)
Molecular Imprinting	157	(54)
Petra Turkewitsch
Robert Masse
William S. Powell
Introduction	157	(3)
Synthesis and Evaluation of MIPs	160	(14)
Components of MIPs	161	(6)
Preparation of MIPs	167	(4)
Evaluation of MIPs	171	(3)
Detection of MIP-Target Interactions by Fluorescence	174	(23)
Nonfluorescent MIPs	174	(9)
Fluorescent MIPs	183	(14)
Fluorescent MIP-Based Biomimetic Sensors	197	(1)
Conclusions and Future Directions	198	(2)
Acknowledgements	200	(1)
References	201	(10)
Excimer Sensing	211	(30)
Valentine I. Vullev
Hui Jiang
Guilford Jones, II
Introduction	211	(1)
Pyrene Excimer as a Sensory Structure Probe of the Association of Biomolecules	212	(9)
Excimers of Pyrene Derivatives on Macromolecular Templates	212	(3)
Considerations Regarding Pyrene Derivatives as Emission Probes for Macro-molecules	215	(1)
Application of Pyrene Fluorescence Probes to Studies of Proteins and Peptides	216	(2)
Pyrene-labeled DNA Strands Used for Molecular Recognition	218	(1)
Pyrenyl-containing Lipid Membranes	219	(2)
Pyrene Excimer Emission in Environmental and Chemical Sensing	221	(15)
Sensing of Temperature, Pressure and pH	221	(3)
Sensing of Oxygen	224	(1)
Sensing of Organic Guests by Modified y-Cyclodextrins	225	(3)
Sensing of Metal Cations	228	(7)
Other Miscellaneous Sensing Systems	235	(1)
Concluding Remarks	236	(1)
Acknowlegement	236	(1)
References	237	(4)
Lifetime Based Sensors / Sensing	241	(34)
Sonja Draxler
Introduction	241	(1)
Photophysical Background	242	(5)
Luminescence Lifetime	242	(4)
Quantum Efficiency and Fluorescence Intensity	246	(1)
Lifetime Based Sensor Devices and Instrumentation	247	(18)
Optical Chemical Sensors	247	(1)
Advantages and Drawbacks of Lifetime-Based Sensors	247	(1)
Transduction Schemes	248	(10)
Sensor Elements	258	(7)
Lifetime Measurement Methods and Instrumentation	265	(7)
Time-Domain Methods	265	(3)
Frequency-Domain Methods	268	(4)
Summary	272	(1)
Acknowledgement	273	(1)
References	273	(2)
Color Inserts	275	(2)
Index	277