Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion

by Stott, Peter E.; Wootton, Alan; Gorini, Giuseppe; Sindoni, Elio; Batani, Dimitri

• ISBN13: 9780306472978
• ISBN10: 030647297X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-10-01
• Publisher: Plenum Pub Corp

Summary

Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion, held September 3-7, 2001 at Villa Monastero, Varenna, Italy. This volume focuses on future diagnostic requirements for fusion energy research emphasizing advanced diagnostics, new techniques and areas where further progress is required.

Table of Contents

FUSION EXPERIMENTS AND RELATED DIAGNOSTIC NEEDS
Requirements and Issues in Diagnostics for Next Step Burning Plasma Experiments	1	(10)
A.E. Costley
Introduction	1	(1)
Requirements for plasma and first wall measurements on a BPX	2	(2)
Environment of a BPX: key radiation effects	4	(2)
The ITER diagnostic system: the most developed example of BPX diagnostics	6	(1)
Key outstanding issues	7	(1)
Implementation on different BPX contenders	8	(1)
Summary	9	(2)
Introduction to Diagnostics Requirements for ICE	11	(8)
D. Juraszek
Introduction	11	(1)
ICF critical milestones	11	(3)
Experimental strategy	14	(1)
Diagnostics requirements	14	(3)
Conclusions	17	(2)
Core Performance and Mix in Direct-Drive Spherical Implosions on Omega	19	(8)
C. Stoeckl
J.A. Delettrez
R. Epstein
V.Yu. Glebov
R.L. Keck
R.L. McCrory
P.W. McKenty
F.J. Marshall
D.D. Meyerhofer
P.B. Radha
S.P. Regan
S. Roberts
W. Seka
S. Skupsky
V.A. Smalyuk
C. Sorce
J.M. Soures
R.P.J. Town
B. Yaakobi
J.A. Frenje
C.K. Li
R.D. Petrasso
F.H. Seguin
K. Fletcher
S. Padalino
C. Freeman
N. Izumi
R. Lerche
T.W. Phillips
T.C. Sangster
Introduction	20	(1)
Diagnostics	20	(2)
Laser condition	22	(1)
Experimental results	22	(2)
Mix measurements	24	(1)
Summary	24	(3)
Laser-Plasma Interaction Diagnostics for ICF Fusion Research	27	(4)
W. Seka
R.S. Craxton
R.L. Keck
J.P. Knauer
D.D. Meyerhofer
S.P. Regan
C. Stoeckl
B. Yaakobi
R.E. Bahr
D. Montgomery
H. Baldis
R. Kirkwood
Introduction	27	(1)
Plasma diagnostics and results	28	(2)
Conclusion	30	(1)
Requirements for Diagnostic in Controlling Advanced Tokamak Modes	31	(8)
Y. Kusama
Introduction	31	(1)
Role and issues of plasma controls towards advanced TOKAMAK modes	32	(1)
Key diagnostics and requirements for control diagnostics	33	(1)
Plasma control towards advanced TOKAMAK modes in JT-60U	34	(3)
Issues in developing diagnostics and feedback control schemes for controlling advanced TOKAMAK modes	37	(1)
Summary	37	(2)
Diagnostic Needs for Divertor and Edge Physics	39	(8)
A. W. Leonard
Introduction	39	(1)
Parallel transport	40	(3)
Perpendicular transport	43	(1)
2D profiles	44	(1)
Special issues	45	(1)
Conclusions	46	(1)
Iter Magnetics: Key Design Issues	47	(4)
G. Vayakis
Introduction	47	(1)
Key design issues	47	(2)
Outstanding issues	49	(2)
Diagnostics for Energetic Charged Particles Related to Fast Ignitor Experiments	51	(8)
Y. Kitagawa
K. Mima
K. Tanaka
R. Kodama
Y. Sentoku
T. Yamanaka
Introduction	51	(1)
100 TW PWM Laser illumination on imploded CD shell and neutron enhancements	51	(2)
Proton rear emission and magnetic field generation from GMII laser illuminated plastic foils	53	(4)
Petawatt laser construction	57	(1)
Conclusion	58	(1)
Alpha-Particle Measurements Needed for Burning Plasma Experiments	59	(8)
K.M. Young
Introduction	59	(1)
Measurements of confinement and slowing down: effect of plasma heating and profiles	60	(2)
Impact on plasma stability: macrostability and collective effects	62	(1)
Impact of instabilities on the alpha-particle behaviour: redestribution and loss	63	(1)
Measurement for studies of transport of fast ions and α-ash removal	64	(1)
Summary and recommendations for measurements for α-physics in a BP device	64	(3)
Diagnostics Based on Helium Neutral Beams In Iter	67	(4)
M.G. O'Mullane
H. Anderson
Y. Andrew
M. Brix
C. Giroud
A.G. Meigs
M. Proschek
H.P. Summers
K-D. Zastrow
Introduction	67	(1)
JET experiments and implications for ITER	67	(3)
Conclusions	70	(1)
Advanced Concept in Fast Ignition and the Relevant Diagnostics	71	(8)
H. Habara
K. Lancaster
C.J. Reason
C. Aldis
B. Lester
T. Craig Sangster
P.A. Norreys
Introduction	71	(1)
Novel geometry of fast ignition scheme	72	(3)
Neutron spectroscopy in ultra-intense laser-matter interactions	75	(4)
Recent Experience and Future Plans for Jet Diagnostics	79	(8)
J. Sanchez
Introduction	79	(1)
Operation of JET diagnostics during 2000-01	79	(2)
The JET EP project	81	(6)
Strategy of the Tore Supra Diagnostic Set for Steady-State High Power Operation	87	(4)
C. Laviron
Introduction	87	(1)
Constraints	88	(1)
Tore Supra diagnostics	88	(2)
Conclusion	90	(1)
NEUTRON AND PARTICLE DIAGNOSTICS
Imaging of Plasmas Using Proton Beams Generated by Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses	91	(8)
M. Borghesi
D.H. Campbell
R.J. Clarke
M. Galimberti
L.A. Gizzi
M. Haines
A.J. MacKinnon
A. Schiavi
O. Willi
Introduction	91	(1)
Experimental set-up and diagnostic arrangement	92	(2)
Imaging of thin charged objects	94	(1)
Imaging of laser-produced plasmas	95	(1)
Imaging of ultra-intense interactions	96	(2)
Conclusion	98	(1)
Nuclear Diagnostics of ICF	99	(8)
N. Izumi
R.A. Lerche
M.J. Moran
T.W. Phillips
T.C. Sangster
G.J. Schmid
M.A. Stoyer
L. Disdier
J.L. Bourgade
A. Rouyer
R.K. Fisher
R.R. Berggren
S.E. Caldwell
J.R. Faulkner
J.M. Mack
J.A. Oertel
C.S. Young
V. Yu. Glebov
P.A. Jaanimagi
D.D. Meyerhofer
J.M. Soures
C. Stoeckl
J.A. Frenje
C.K. Li
R.D. Petrasso
Introduction	99	(1)
Basic nuclear reactions in ICF plasmas	100	(2)
Core diagnostics	102	(1)
Advanced nuclear diagnostics	103	(4)
Neutron Emission Spectroscopy for Magnetic Confinement Experiments	107	(10)
J. Kallne
Introduction	107	(2)
Fusion neutron spectrometry since the 50's	109	(1)
Instruments tested at JET	110	(1)
Gross features of the neutron flux spectrum	111	(1)
Thermal and driven reaction contributions to PF	111	(1)
Analysis of NES data and interpretation	112	(1)
Plasma response to PΩ, PRF, and PNB	113	(1)
From line integrated data to local information	114	(1)
Fuel density measurements	115	(1)
Conclusions	115	(2)
Projected Neutron Emission Spectroscopy Diagnosis of Jet Deuterium Plasmas	117	(4)
G. Gorini
S. Conroy
G. Ericsson
L. Giacomelli
H. Henriksson
A. Hjalmarsson
J. Kallne
M. Tardocchi
Proposed Magnetic Proton Neutron Spectrometer Upgrade (MPRu)	121	(4)
G. Ericsson
S. Conroy
G. Gorini
H. Henriksson
A. Hjalmarsson
J. Kallne
M. Tardocchi
The 2.5-MeV Neutron Time of Flight Spectrometer for Optimized Count Rate (TOFOR)	125	(4)
A. Hjalmarsson
S. Conroy
G. Ericsson
L. Giacomelli
G. Gorini
H. Henriksson
J. Kallne
M. Tardocchi
Introduction	125	(1)
Principle of TOFOR	126	(1)
Neutron transport calculations	126	(1)
Results and discussion	127	(1)
Conclusions	128	(1)
Measurement of High Energy Proton Temperature in LHD	129	(4)
M. Sasao
A.V. Krasilnikov
M. Isobe
T. Seki
K. Saito
T. Saida
S. Murakami
Introduction	129	(1)
Neutral flux and spectrum of high energy atoms	130	(1)
Neutral influx calculations	130	(2)
Experimental results	132	(1)
Escaping Energetic Ion Measurement on Large Scale Magnetic Fusion Devices	133	(4)
T. Saida
M. Sasao
M. Isobe
D.S. Darrow
T. Nishitani
A. Ebisawa
Introduction	133	(1)
Local measurement of lost ion	133	(2)
Spatial distribution measurement of escaping ion	135	(1)
Summary	136	(1)
Fast Ion Loss Diagnostic for the W7-X Stellarator	137	(4)
A. Werner
D.S. Darrow
R. Kuduk
H.J. Hartfuss
A. Weller
Introduction	137	(1)
Detector concepts	138	(1)
Finding suitable detector positions	139	(1)
Probe design	140	(1)
Gamma-Rays: Measurements and Analysis at Jet	141	(4)
V.G. Kiptily
O.N. Jarvis
L. Bertalot
S.W. Conroy
S. Popovichev
M.J. Mantsinen
Introduction	141	(1)
Experiments and results	142	(2)
Conclusions	144	(1)
Spatial Distribution Measurement of High Energy Particles Using Time-of-Flight Neutral Particle Energy Analyzer in Large Helical Device	145	(4)
T. Ozaki
P. Goncharov
S. Murakami
S. Sudo
M. Shoji
M. Emoto
H. Funaba
M. Goto
K. Ida
K. Ikeda
O. Kanko
K. Kawahata
T. Kobuchi
S. Kubo
R. Kumazawa
S. Morita
O. Motojima
S. Muto
T. Mutoh
Y. Nagayama
Y. Nakamura
H. Nakanishi
K. Narihara
N. Noda
S. Ohdachi
N. Ohyabu
Y. Oka
M. Osakabe
B. Peterson
K. Saito
S. Sakakibara
M. Sasao
K. Sato
T. Seki
T. Shimozuma
Y. Takeiri
K. Tanaka
H. Torii
K. Tsumori
T. Watanabe
T. Watari
V. Zanza
G. Bracco
A. Sibio
B. Tilia
Introduction	145	(1)
The neutral particle measurement system	146	(1)
Results in NBI long discharge	146	(1)
Results in ICH plasma	147	(1)
Results in ICH long discharge	148	(1)
Conclusion	148	(1)
A New Diagnostic to Achieve Neutron Spectroscopy in a High Gamma Background in ICF Experiments	149	(4)
M. Houry
L. Disdier
A. Fedotoff
Introduction	149	(1)
Secondary and tertiary neutron spectroscopy as a measure of < ρR >FUEL	149	(1)
Gamma background induced by neutrons	150	(1)
Experimental set-up: the DEMIN spectrometer	151	(1)
Conclusion	152	(1)
Natural Diamond Detector Based Spectrometers for Magnetic and Inertial Confinement Fusion	153	(4)
A.V. Krasilnikov
A.G. Alekseyev
V.N. Amosov
Y.A. Kaschuck
I.N. Rastyagaev
NDD based DT neutron spectrometry and flux monitor system for ITER-FEAT	153	(2)
Perspectives on the NDD based charge exchange atom spectrometers for fast confined ion studies in ITER-FEAT	155	(1)
Possibilities of the NDD application in ICF experiments	155	(2)
Laser Fusion Fuel Ion Temperature Diagnostics	157	(4)
J. Chen
Z. Zheng
H. Peng
B. Zhang
Y. Ding
C. Tang
Introduction	157	(1)
Experimental conditions	158	(1)
Experimental results	158	(3)
OPTICAL AND X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS
X-Ray Imaging System with Continuous Time Resolution	161	(8)
Y. Aglitskiy
M. Karasik
V. Serlin
S. Obenschain
C. Pawley
Introduction	161	(2)
Characteristics of the experiment set-up	163	(2)
Experimental results	165	(2)
Conclusions	167	(2)
Rayleigh Taylor and Laser Imprinting Diagnostics	169	(8)
H. Azechi
M. Nakai
K. Shijemori
N. Izumi
H. Shiraga
M. Nishikino
T. Sakaiya
S. Fujioka
Y. Tamari
N. Miyanaga
H. Nishimura
Introduction	169	(1)
Moire interferometry of short wavelength Rayleigh-Taylor instability	170	(3)
Penumbral imaging for density measurement	173	(1)
Fresnel phase zone plate for density measurement	174	(1)
Conclusion	175	(2)
Plasma Diagnostics in Interaction of Powerful Laser Pulses with Inhomogeneous Low Density Media	177	(4)
A.E. Bugrov
I.N. Burdonskiy
V.V. Gavrilov
A.Yu. Goltsov
I.K. Fasahkov
V.N. Kondrashov
S.N. Koptyaev
N.G. Kovalskiy
M.I. Pergament
V.M. Petryakov
G.M. Yankovskiy
E.V. Zhuzhukalo
Introduction	177	(1)
Experimental conditions	177	(1)
Experimental results and discussion	178	(2)
Conclusion	180	(1)
Laser and X-Ray Irradiation Diagnostics that have Paved the Path to Significantly Improved ICF Target Performance	181	(8)
R.L. Keck
W.R. Donaldson
V.Yu. Glebov
P.A. Jaanimagi
F.J. Marshall
P.W. McKenty
D.D. Meyerhofer
S.P. Regan
W. Seka
C. Stoeckl
R. Boni
Introduction	181	(1)
Irradiation-uniformity requirements	181	(1)
Calorimeters	182	(1)
Harmonic energy diagnostic	182	(1)
Transport	183	(1)
P510 Streak cameras	184	(1)
Prepulse monitors	185	(1)
UVETP measurement	186	(1)
X-Ray pinhole charge-injection-device imager	186	(1)
Results	187	(1)
Conclusion	188	(1)
Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic of Laser Driven Experiments	189	(8)
D.J. Hoarty
C.C. Smith
O. Willi
G. Magelssen
R. Chrien
S. Caldwell
M. Wood
R. Watt
Introduction	189	(1)
Experiments diagnosed by point projection absorption spectroscopy	190	(2)
Modelling of the absorption data	192	(1)
Experiments diagnosed by fluorescence spectroscopy	193	(1)
Modelling of the fluorescence spectra	194	(2)
Summary/Conclusion	196	(1)
Measurements of the Poloidal Magnetic and Radical, Electric Field Profiles in Asdex Upgrade and Jet	197	(8)
J. Hobirk
N.C. Hawkes
P.J. McCarthy
D. Merkl
R.C. Wolf
Introduction	197	(1)
Principle of the measurement	198	(1)
Diagnostic set-up	198	(1)
Experimental results	199	(2)
Influence of another beam source on measurement	201	(1)
First results of radial electric field measurements	202	(1)
Summary	203	(2)
Recent Progress in Beam Emission and CX Spectroscopy	205	(4)
M.G. von Hellermann
R. Jaspers
H.P. Summers
K-D. Zastrow
Introduction	205	(1)
Combination of CXRS and BES	206	(1)
Hybrid effective emission rates for low-Z CX spectra	206	(1)
Cross-section effects in the presence of n = 2 populations	207	(1)
Energy scans at TEXTOR-94	207	(1)
Future work and applications	208	(1)
Line Ratio Method for Poloidal Magnetic Field Measurement Using Li-Multiplet (2 2S - 2 2P) Emission	209	(4)
A. Korotkov
K. McCormick
P. Morgan
J. Schweinzer
J. Vince
Introduction	209	(1)
Principle of the measurement	210	(1)
Preliminary experiments on JET	211	(1)
Conclusions	212	(1)
X-Ray Emission from Laser Irradiated Clusters	213	(4)
T. Desai
Determination of the Electron Density and Ion Composition Histories in a Nonequlibrium Plasma Using Self-Consistent Collisional-Radiative Calculations	217	(4)
V. Bernshtam
L. Gregorian
Y. Maron
Use of 1D Dα Camera to Measure Edge Neutral and Electron Density Evolutions	221	(4)
M.R. Tournianski
P.G. Carolan
G.F. Counsell
M.G. O'Mullane
Introduction	221	(1)
Instrumentation	221	(1)
Method and experimental results	222	(2)
Discussion	224	(1)
X-Ray Field Asymmetry Effect on the Time of Neutron Generation in Experiments with Indirect Drive Targets	225	(4)
S.A. Bel'kov
A.V. Bessarab
G.G. Kochemasov
S.P. Martynenko
Introduction	225	(1)
The results of measurements of time moment of neutron yield	225	(4)
X-Ray Multi Camera Tomography System of Wendelstein 7-X	229	(4)
S. Klose
A. Weller
P. Schotz
A. Werner
H. Greve
Introduction	229	(1)
Physical background of the x-ray emission	229	(1)
Geometrical layout of XMCTS	229	(2)
Camera design	231	(1)
Vessel integration	232	(1)
The Atomic K- and L-Shell Ionization Cross-Sections by Electron Impact	233	(4)
C. Tang
Z. Luo
Z. An
F. He
X. Peng
X. Long
Introduction	233	(1)
Experiment	234	(1)
Results	234	(3)
Innovative Neutral Beam Based Diagnostics on the MST Reversed-Field Pinch	237	(4)
D.J. Den Hartog
D. Craig
G. Fiksel
J.C. Reardon
V.I. Davydenko
A.A. Ivanov
Introduction and summary	237	(1)
Charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy	238	(1)
Motional Stark effect	238	(1)
Rutherford scattering	239	(2)
A Vacuum X-Ray Crystal Spectrometer for the Hanbit Magnetic Mirror Device	241	(4)
S.G. Lee
J.G. Bak
M. Bitter
Introduction	241	(1)
Hanbit x-ray crystal spectrometer	242	(1)
Calibration measurements	242	(2)
Conclusions	244	(1)
X-Ray Spectroscopy and Calibrations in the 50 eV to 60 keV Range	245	(4)
J. Seely
U. Feldman
J. Weaver
L. Hudson
Introduction	245	(1)
Hard x-ray spectrometers (HXS) for LLE	245	(2)
High energy electronic x-ray spectrometer (HENEX) for NIF	247	(1)
Soft x-ray power diagnostic (SXPD)	248	(1)
Integrated Spectroscopic Edge Diagnostics on Compass-D	249	(4)
N.J. Conway
P.G. Carolan
A.R. Field
H. Meyer
M.J. Walsh
Introduction	249	(1)
Diagnostic description	249	(1)
Analysis description	250	(1)
Physics studies	251	(1)
Conclusions and future work	252	(1)
Conceptual Design of the CXRS System for Iter-Feat	253	(4)
S. Tugarinov
M. von Hellermann
I. Beigmann
V. Dokouka
R. Khayrutdinov
A. Krasilnikov
A. Malaquias
I. Tolstikhina
L. Vainshtein
Introduction	253	(1)
Emission modelling and beam attenuation	254	(2)
Results and conclusions	256	(1)
X-Ray Backlighting of Current - Driven Multi Wire Array on Angara-5-1 Facility	257	(4)
V.V. Alexandrov
E.V. Grabovsky
K.N. Mitrofanov
G.M. Oleinik
I.Ju. Porofeev
V.P. Smirnov
G.S. Volkov
Introduction	257	(1)
Experimental arrangement	257	(2)
Experimental results	259	(1)
Conclusion	260	(1)
Preliminary Results of Charge Exchange q Measurements in T-10 Tokamak	261	(4)
A.A. Medvedev
V.S. Strelkov
Introduction	261	(1)
Physical basis of the technique	261	(1)
Results of preliminary experiments on T-10	262	(2)
Apparatus for multi-chord q measurements in T-10	264	(1)
Conclusion	264	(1)
Thermal Soft X-Rays Interaction with Foam Layered Gold Targets	265	(4)
D. Batani
T. Desai
Th. Lower
T.A. Hall
W. Nazarov
M. Koenig
A. Benuzzi-Mounaix
High Spectral Resolution X-Ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometer for Tokamaks and Stellarators	269	(8)
G. Bertschinger
M. Bitter
D. Rusbuldt
Introduction	269	(1)
Requirements for high resolution x-ray spectroscopy	269	(1)
Bragg reflection on spherically bent crystals	270	(3)
Layout of an imaging spectrometer for TEXTOR and W7-X	273	(3)
Conclusions	276	(1)
RADIATION EFFECTS AND OTHER EMERGING PROBLEMS
Tritium Issues In Next-Step Devices	277	(8)
C.H. Skinner
G. Federici
Introduction	277	(1)
Tritium experience in contemporary TOKAMAKs	278	(1)
Tritium in ITER and FIRE	279	(2)
Tritium in IFE designs	281	(1)
Diagnostic needs for MFE Next-Step devices	281	(1)
Tritium removal by scanning laser	282	(3)
Diagnostic First Mirrors for Burning Plasma Experiments	285	(10)
V.S. Voitsenya
A.F. Bardamid
A.I. Belyaeva
V.N. Bondarenko
A.E. Costley
A.A. Galuza
A.V. Gorshkov
N. Kishimoto
V.G. Konovalov
D.V. Orlinskij
A.V. Rogov
I.V. Ryzhkov
A.H. Shapoval
S.I. Solodovchenko
A.F. Shtan
K.Yu. Vukolov
S.N. Zvonkov
Introduction	285	(1)
Characterization of FMS	286	(1)
Experimental	286	(1)
Experimental results of sputtering tests	287	(2)
Contamination of the mirror surface	289	(2)
The prospect of Be as the FM material	291	(1)
Mirrors in divertor	291	(1)
Discussion	292	(1)
Conclusions	293	(2)
Radiation Hardness Test of Mica Bolometers or ITER in JMTR	295	(4)
R. Reichle
T. Nishitani
E.R. Hodgson
L.C. Ingesson
E. Ishitsuka
S. Kasai
K.F. Mast
T. Shikama
J.C. Vallet
S. Yamamoto
Introduction	295	(1)
Experimental set-up	295	(1)
Experimental results	296	(1)
Discussion	297	(1)
Conclusions	298	(1)
Experimental Study of First Mirror Degradation Under Influence of ITER Relevant Conditions	299	(4)
K. Vukolov
A. Bardamid
A. Gorshkov
V. Konovalov
A. Rogov
V. Sannikov
S. Solodovchenko
V. Voitsenya
S. Zvonkov
Introduction	299	(1)
CXA sputtering	299	(1)
Contamination of mirror surface and laser cleaning	300	(2)
Laser damage	302	(1)
Conclusion	302	(1)
INTERFEROMETRY, POLARIMETRY, THOMSON SCATTERING
Thomson Scattering in Inertial Confinement Fusion Research	303	(8)
S.H. Glenzer
Introduction	303	(1)
Experimental set-up	304	(1)
Results and discussion	305	(3)
Conclusion	308	(3)
Fast Ion Dynamics Measured by Collective Thomson Scattering	311	(8)
H. Bindslev
L. Porte
J.A. Hoekzema
P. Voskov
D. Van Eester
Fast ions in fusion plasmas	311	(1)
Collective Thomson scattering	311	(2)
The TEXTOR CTS	313	(6)
Utilization of Li-Beam Polarimetry for Edge Current Determination on DIII-D	319	(4)
D.M. Thomas
D.K. Finkenthal
T.N. Carlstrom
D.H. Kellman
G. Brewis
T.H. Osborne
J.I. Robinson
A.S. Bozek
K.H. Burrell
M.A. Makowski
S.G.E. Pronko
S. Delaware
Introduction	319	(1)
Neural lithium beam and polarization optics	320	(1)
Detection and polarization analysis	321	(1)
Initial results	321	(1)
Summary and future work	321	(2)
Robust Line Density Measurements at W7-as Using a Cotton Mouton Polarimeter	323	(4)
T. Bindemann
Ch. Fuchs
H.J. Hartfuβ
M. Hirsch
Introduction	323	(1)
Mathematical treatment of polarization changes	323	(1)
Ellipticity modulation	324	(1)
Experimental set-up	325	(1)
Recent experimental results	325	(2)
Determination of the Electron Density and Mean Energy for Anisotropic Velocity Distributions by Thomson Scattering	327	(4)
B. Kurzan
H. Murmann
D. Bolshukhin
M. Jakobi
Introduction	327	(1)
Diagnostics	327	(1)
Experimental results	328	(1)
Reconstructed velocity distribution function	329	(1)
Conclusion	330	(1)
High Resolution Thomson Scattering on Jet -- An Assessment of the Feasibility	331	(4)
C. Gowers
C.J. Barth
R. Behn
M. Beurskens
B. Kurzan
P. Nielsen
R. Pasqualotto
M. Peres Alonso
F. Orsitto
J. Sanchez
M. Walsh
D. Wilson
Introduction	331	(2)
Stray laser light	333	(1)
Plasma light background	333	(1)
Collection window	334	(1)
Conclusion	334	(1)
High Resolution Thomson Scattering for Jet	335	(4)
R. Pasqualotto
P. Nielsen
Introduction	335	(1)
Layout	335	(2)
Spectrometers	337	(1)
Acquisition system	337	(1)
Lasers	337	(1)
Performance simulation	338	(1)
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS
Recent Progress in Microwave Imaging Diagnostics	339	(8)
N.C. Luhmann
C.C. Chang
B.H. Deng
G.W. Domier
C. Liang
X.P. Liang
H.J. Lu
J. Wang
Z.G. Xia
E. Mazzucato
T. Munsat
H. Park
A.J.H. Donne
M.J. van de Pol
A. Mase
K. Kawahata
Y. Nagayama
K. Mizuno
H. Matsuura
A. Miura
Introduction	339	(1)
Electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI)	340	(2)
Microwave imaging reflectometry (MIR)	342	(1)
Simultaneous ECEI-MIR	343	(1)
Imaging technology developments	344	(3)
Electron Bernstein Emission Diagnostic of Electron Temperature Profiles at W7-as Stellarator	347	(8)
F. Volpe
H.P. Laqua
Introduction	347	(1)
Ray tracing code and antenna optimization	348	(1)
Experimental set-up	349	(1)
Profiles	350	(1)
Heat waves	351	(1)
Fast measurements	352	(1)
Conclusions	353	(2)
Target Diagnostic System for Sandia National Laboratories' Z Facility	355	(8)
R.J. Leeper
J.R. Asay
J.E. Bailey
G.R. Bennett
A.L. Carlson
G.A. Chandler
G.W. Cooper
M. Cuneo
C. Deeney
G. Dunham
D.L. Fehl
D. Hanson
C.A. Hall
M.J. Hurst
D. Jobe
M. Knudson
P. Lake
S.E. Lazier
J.S. McGurn
R.C. Mock
T. Moore
T.J. Nash
D. Nielsen
R.E. Olson
J. Porter
J. Pyle
G.A. Rochau
L.E. Ruggles
C.L. Ruiz
T.W.L. Sanford
J.F. Seamen
J.J. Seamen
W.W. Simpson
R. Smelser
R.B. Spielman
W.A. Stygar
J.A. Torres
D.F. Wenger
Introduction	355	(2)
X-ray power and fluence diagnostics	357	(1)
X-ray imaging diagnostics	358	(2)
Spectroscopy diagnostics	360	(1)
Shock physics diagnostic techniques	360	(1)
Neutron diagnostics	361	(1)
Summary and conclusions	362	(1)
Diagnostics for Helical Systems	363	(8)
S. Sudo
H.J. Hartfuss
T. Mizuuchi
T. Ozaki
Y. Nagayama
T. Akiyama
A. Fujisawa
Y. Hamada
K. Ida
T. Ido
H. Iguchi
S. Kado
K. Kawahata
K. Kondo
K. Narihara
A. Nishizawa
H. Okada
B.J. Peterson
F. Sano
M. Sasao
K. Sato
M. Shoji
K. Tanaka
S. Tsuji-Iio
K. Watanabe
A. Weller
I. Yamada
Introduction	363	(1)
Measurement of magnetic flux surfaces	364	(1)
Diagnostics for secondary currents	365	(1)
Profile measurement	365	(2)
Diagnostics for electric field	367	(1)
Diagnostics under high density operation	368	(1)
Diagnostics under long pulse operation	368	(1)
Summary	369	(2)
Diagnostic System for the W7-X Stellarator	371	(4)
H.J. Hartfuss
Introduction	371	(1)
Fluctuations	371	(1)
Plasma edge	372	(1)
Microwaves	372	(1)
Spectroscopy	372	(1)
Thomson scattering	373	(1)
Soft x-ray and electromagnetic diagnostics	373	(1)
Heavy ion beam probe and fast particle detectors	374	(1)
Neutron diagnostics	374	(1)
Diagnosis of St Plasmas in NSTX: Challenges and Opportunities	375	(4)
D. Johnson
P. Efthimion
J. Foley
B. Jones
E. Mazzucato
H. Park
G. Taylor
F. Levinton
N. Luhmann
Introduction	375	(1)
Present diagnostics	376	(1)
Electron Bernstein wave radiometry	376	(1)
Motional Stark effect measurement of q(R) and Er	377	(1)
Microwave scattering studies of high-k turbulence	378	(1)
Diagnostic Developments for Mast Spherical Tokamak	379	(4)
A. W. Morris
Introduction	379	(1)
Core and profile measurements	379	(1)
Plasma density and pellet measurements	380	(1)
Plasma boundary and halo diagnostics	381	(1)
Fast particle and current profile measurements	381	(1)
Summary	381	(2)
Advances in Thermal Imaging	383	(8)
R. Reichle
Introduction	383	(1)
Physical and technical background	383	(2)
Imaging endoscopes	385	(2)
Fibre periscopes	387	(2)
Data acquisition	389	(1)
Discussion, conclusions, outlook	389	(2)
Fast Measurements of Limiter Surface Temperature and Heat Flux Variations on the T-11M Tokamak by IR Radiometer	391	(4)
V.B. Lazarev
A.G. Alekseyev
A.M. Belov
S.V. Mirnov
Introduction	391	(1)
Surface temperature measurement by IR irradiation	391	(1)
Absolute calibration of IR radiometer	392	(1)
Heat power variations on the limiter	392	(2)
Conclusions	394	(1)
Periscope Systems for Infrared Imaging on Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR)	395	(4)
S.J. Yoo
M. Kwon
Introduction	395	(1)
Periscope design	395	(3)
Conclusion	398	(1)
Diagnostics for the Kstar: Korea Super-Conducting Tokamak Advanced Research	399	(4)
M. Kwon
J.G. Bak
S.H. Jeong
Y.S. Jung
B.C. Kim
H.G. Lee
S.G. Lee
H.K. Na
H.L. Yang
S.J. Yoo
Introduction	399	(1)
Technical challenges	400	(1)
Status of the KSTAR diagnostics systems	401	(2)
Helium Partial Measurements Using a Penning Gauge: A New Approach	403	(4)
P.D. Morgan
Introduction	403	(1)
Standard method	403	(2)
New method	405	(1)
Results	405	(1)
Conclusions	406	(1)
Interior Magnetic Field Fluctuation and Profile Measurements on MST	407	(4)
D.L. Brower
W.X. Ding
S.D. Terry
Introduction	407	(1)
Polarimetry-interferometry system	408	(1)
Conclusion	409	(2)
Vacuum Diode High Voltage Measurement by Means of Photonuclear Reactions	411	(4)
S. Dan'ko
G. Dolgachev
Yu. Kalinin
D. Maslennikov
Introduction	411	(1)
POS Voltage measurements using photonuclear reactions	412	(2)
Conclusions	414	(1)
Inductive Voltage Probe in Liner Implosion Experiments on Installation Angara-5-1	415	(4)
V.V. Alexandrov
E.V. Grabovsky
G.M. Oleinik
Introduction	415	(1)
Inductive voltage probe design	415	(1)
Experimental results	416	(1)
Conclusion	417	(2)
Magnetic Field Measurements Inside and Outside of Imploding Arrays on Angara-5-1	419	(4)
I. Frolov
E. Grabovsky
K. Mitrofanov
G. Oleinik
V. Smirnov
G. Zukakischvili
Introduction	419	(1)
Arrangement of experiment and probes constructions	419	(3)
Experimental results	422	(1)
Conclusion	422	(1)
Measurements of Neutral Density in the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak	423	(4)
R.L. Boivin
J.W. Hughes
B. LaBombard
D. Mossessian
J.L. Terry
Introduction	423	(11)
Experimental set-up	434
Experimental results	425	(2)
Index	427