Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care

by Dains, Joyce E.

• ISBN13: 9780323044288
• ISBN10: 032304428X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-30
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

With this practical resource, you'll take the "next step" in health assessment. It takes you beyond a basic history and physical examination-and helps you master the process of diagnostic reasoning. Rather than beginning a physical exam with a diagnosis of a disease entity, this book offers an approach that centers on common chief concerns encountered in primary care settings. Master the differential diagnoses in this book, and you'll be able to more accurately assess the patients you see in practice.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Practice	p. 3
Diagnostic Reasoning	p. 3
The Diagnostic Process	p. 3
Expert Versus Novice Clinicians	p. 4
Developing Clinical Judgment	p. 5
Negotiating Goals and Expectations of a Patient Encounter	p. 5
Evidence-Based Practice	p. 6
Common Problems of the Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat
Earache	p. 11
Focused History	p. 11
Focused Physical Examination	p. 15
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 17
Differential Diagnosis	p. 18
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 20
Sore Throat	p. 22
Focused History	p. 22
Focused Physical Examination	p. 25
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 27
Differential Diagnosis	p. 28
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 30
Nasal Symptoms and Sinus Congestion	p. 33
Focused History	p. 33
Focused Physical Examination	p. 37
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 38
Differential Diagnosis	p. 39
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 41
Hoarseness	p. 43
Focused History	p. 43
Focused Physical Examination	p. 46
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 47
Differential Diagnosis	p. 48
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 49
Red Eye	p. 52
Focused History	p. 52
Focused Physical Examination	p. 56
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 59
Differential Diagnosis	p. 60
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 62
Vision Loss	p. 65
Focused History	p. 65
Focused Physical Examination	p. 70
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 72
Differential Diagnosis	p. 73
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 75
Common Problems of the Skin
Rashes and Skin Lesions	p. 81
Initial Focused Physical Examination	p. 81
Focused History	p. 85
Focused Physical Examination	p. 90
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 91
Differential Diagnosis	p. 92
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 95
Common Problems of the Cardiovascular System
Chest Pain	p. 103
Focused History	p. 103
Focused Physical Examination	p. 109
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 112
Differential Diagnosis	p. 114
Differential Diagnosis Tables	p. 119
Syncope	p. 123
Focused History	p. 123
Focused Physical Examination	p. 126
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 127
Differential Diagnosis	p. 128
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 129
Common Problems of the Respiratory System
Dyspnea	p. 133
Focused History	p. 133
Focused Physical Examination	p. 138
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 143
Differential Diagnosis	p. 144
Emergent Conditions Manifested by Dyspnea	p. 144
Nonemergent Conditions Manifested by Dyspnea	p. 145
Differential Diagnosis Tables	p. 147
Cough	p. 150
Focused History	p. 150
Focused Physical Examination	p. 155
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 157
Differential Diagnosis	p. 158
Differential Diagnosis Tables	p. 162
Common Problems of the Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System
Abdominal Pain	p. 169
Focused History	p. 170
Focused Physical Examination	p. 177
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 180
Differential Diagnosis	p. 182
Acute Conditions That Cause Abdominal Pain	p. 183
Chronic Conditions That Cause Lower Abdominal Pain	p. 186
Chronic Conditions That Cause Upper Abdominal Pain	p. 187
Differential Diagnosis Tables	p. 188
Diarrhea	p. 194
Focused History	p. 194
Focused Physical Examination	p. 200
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 202
Differential Diagnosis	p. 204
Differential Diagnosis Tables	p. 207
Constipation	p. 211
Focused History	p. 211
Focused Physical Examination	p. 215
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 215
Differential Diagnosis	p. 217
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 218
Rectal Pain, Itching, and Bleeding	p. 220
Focused History	p. 220
Focused Physical Examination	p. 225
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 226
Differential Diagnosis	p. 227
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 231
Common Problems of the Genitourinary System
Urinary Incontinence	p. 235
Focused History	p. 236
Focused Physical Examination	p. 239
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 240
Differential Diagnosis	p. 241
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 244
Urinary Problems in Females and Children	p. 246
Focused History	p. 246
Focused Physical Examination	p. 250
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 251
Differential Diagnosis	p. 253
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 255
Genitourinary Problems in Males	p. 257
Focused History	p. 257
Focused Physical Examination	p. 261
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 263
Differential Diagnosis	p. 266
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 268
Penile Discharge	p. 271
Focused History	p. 271
Focused Physical Examination	p. 273
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 275
Differential Diagnosis	p. 276
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 277
Common Gynecological Problems
Vaginal Discharge and Itching	p. 281
Focused History	p. 281
Focused Physical Examination	p. 286
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 287
Differential Diagnosis	p. 289
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 292
Vaginal Bleeding	p. 294
Focused History	p. 294
Focused Physical Examination	p. 300
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 302
Differential Diagnosis	p. 304
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 307
Amenorrhea	p. 310
Focused History	p. 310
Focused Physical Examination	p. 318
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 320
Differential Diagnosis	p. 321
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 323
Common Problems of the Breasts
Breast Lumps and Nipple Discharge	p. 327
Focused History for Breast Lumps	p. 327
Focused History for Nipple Discharge	p. 330
Focused Physical Examination	p. 332
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 335
Differential Diagnosis	p. 337
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 339
Breast Pain	p. 342
Focused History	p. 342
Focused Physical Examination	p. 344
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 344
Differential Diagnosis	p. 346
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 347
Common Problems of the Musculoskeletal System
Limb Pain	p. 351
Focused History	p. 351
Focused Physical Examination	p. 357
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 362
Differential Diagnosis	p. 363
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 372
Acute Low Back Pain	p. 376
Focused History	p. 376
Focused Physical Examination	p. 381
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 383
Differential Diagnosis	p. 384
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 387
Common Problems of the Neurological System
Headache	p. 393
Focused History	p. 395
Focused Physical Examination	p. 400
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 402
Differential Diagnosis	p. 402
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 406
Dizziness	p. 409
Focused History	p. 409
Focused Physical Examination	p. 412
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 415
Differential Diagnosis	p. 415
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 418
Common Problems in Mental Status
Confusion in Older Adults	p. 423
Focused History	p. 423
Focused Physical Examination	p. 427
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 430
Differential Diagnosis	p. 431
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 436
Sleep Problems	p. 438
Focused History	p. 438
Focused Physical Examination	p. 444
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 444
Differential Diagnosis	p. 444
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 448
Mood Changes, Behavior Changes and Psychosocial Concerns	p. 450
Focused History	p. 450
Focused Physical Examination	p. 458
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 459
Differential Diagnosis	p. 460
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 462
Common Systemic Problems
Fever	p. 471
Focused History	p. 471
Focused Physical Examination	p. 476
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 480
Differential Diagnosis	p. 482
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 484
Fatigue	p. 486
Focused History	p. 486
Focused Physical Examination	p. 489
Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies	p. 490
Differential Diagnosis	p. 491
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 494
The Chest Film	p. 496
Viewing the Chest Film	p. 496
Systematic Examination	p. 500
Diagnostic Reasoning: Systematic Examination	p. 503
Differential Diagnosis Table	p. 506
Conversion Tables	p. 509
Temperature Equivalents	p. 510
Body Mass Index Chart	p. 511
Bibliography	p. 512
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