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| 1. THE CELL: A MICROCOSM OF LIFE | |
| Components of Typical Cells | |
| Cellular Proteins | |
| Apostosis | |
| Perspective: Cellular Enzymes on the Loose: Indicators of Disease | |
| 2. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: MECHANISM FOR NOURISHING THE BODY | |
| An Overview of the Structure of the Digestive Tract | |
| Coordination and Regulation of the Digestive Process | |
| The Process of Digestion: Secretions and Enzymes Required for Nutrient Digestion | |
| Perspective: An Overview of Selected Disorders of the Digestive System with Implications for Nourishing the Body | |
| 3. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION | |
| Energy Release or Consumption in Chemical Reactions | |
| The Role of High-Energy Phosphate in Energy Storage | |
| The High Energy Phosphate Bond | |
| Coupled Reactions in the Transfer of Energy | |
| Formation of ATP | |
| Biological Oxidation and the Electron Transport Chain | |
| Perspective: If Oxidation and Phosphorylation Disconnect: A Waste of Energy! 4. CARBOHYDRATES | |
| Structural Features | |
| Digestion | |
| Absorption, Transport, and Distribution | |
| Integrated Metabolism in Tissues | |
| Regulation of Metabolism | |
| Ethyl Alcohol: Metabolism and Biochemical Impact | |
| Perspective: Hypoglycemia: Fact or Fall Guy | |
| 5. DIETARY FIBER | |
| Definition of Dietary Fiber | |
| Plants and Fiber | |
| Chemistry and Intraplant Functions of Fiber Components | |
| Selected Properties of Dietary Fiber and Selected Physiologic and Metabolic Effects | |
| Recommended Intake of Fiber: Implications in Disease Prevention and/or Management | |
| Perspective: Treating or Reducing the Risk of Heart Disease, Cancer, Gastrointestinal Disorders: Do Herbal Supplements Have a Role? 6. LIPIDS | |
| Structure and Function | |
| Digestion | |
| Absorption | |
| Transport | |
| Lipids, Lipoproteins, Cardiovascular Disease Risk | |
| Integrated Metabolism in Tissues | |
| Regulation of Lipid Metabolism | |
| Brown Fat Thermogenesis | |
| Non-Digestible, Non-Absorbable Fat Substitute: Olestra | |
| Perspective: The Role of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Artherogenesis | |
| 7. PROTEIN | |
| Functional Categories | |
| Protein Structure and Organization | |
| Amino Acid Classification | |
| Sources of Protein | |
| Digestion and Absorption | |
| Amino Acid Metabolism | |
| Interorgan Flow of Amino Acids and Organ-Specific Metabolism | |
| Synthesis and Catabolism of Tissue Proteins | |
| Protein Quality and Protein Intake | |
| Perspective: Protein Turnover: Starvation Versus Stress | |
| 8. INTEGRATION AND REGULATION OF METABOLISM | |
| Interrelationship of Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism | |
| The Central Role of the Liver in Metabolism | |
| Tissue-Specific Metabolism During the Feed-Fast Cycle | |
| System Integration and Homeostasis | |
| Sports Nutrition | |
| Perspective: Diabetes: Metabolism Out of Control | |
| 9. THE WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS | |
| Perspective: Nutrient Controls on Gene Expression | |
| 10. THE FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS | |
| Perspective: The Antioxidant Nutrients | |
| 11. MACROMINERALS | |
| Perspective: Macrominerals and Hypertension | |
| 12. MICROMINERALS | |
| Perspective: Hypoferremia and Infection: When Are Iron Supplements Advisable? 13. ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS | |
| 14. BODY FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE | |
| Water Distribution in the Body | |
| Maintenance of Fluid Balance | |
| Maintenance of Electrolyte Balance | |
| Acid-Base Balance: The Control of Hydrogen Ion Concentration | |
| Acid-Base Buffers | |
| Respiratory Regulation of pH | |
| Renal Regulation of pH | |
| Perspective: Fluid Balance and the Thermal Stress of Exercise | |
| 15. BODY CONSUMPTION AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE | |
| Body Weight: What Should We Weigh? The Composition of the Human Adult Body | |
| Methods for the Measurement of Body Composition | |
| Primary Influences on Body Composition | |
| Components of Energy Expenditure | |
| Assessment of Energy Expenditure | |
| Perspectives: Diet and Diet-Related Factors Associated with Osteoporosis Eating Disorders | |
| 16. NUTRITION AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | |
| Nutrient Precursors of Neurotransmitters | |
| Sugar | |
| Caffeine | |
| Glutamic Acid and Monosodium Glutamate | |
| Aspartame | |
| CNS-Stimulating Hormones in Weight Control: Leptin and Insulin | |
| Perspective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children | |
| 17. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND CRITICAL INTERPRETATION OF RESEARCH | |
| The Scientific Method | |
| The Influence of Knowledge Base and Technology on Research: A Historical Example | |
| Research Methodologies | |
| Terms That Describe Research Quality | |
| Initiation of Research | |
| Problems and Pitfalls in Research | |
| Evaluation of Research and Scientific Literature |
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