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9780123736697

Advances in Applied Microbiology

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  • ISBN13:

    9780123736697

  • ISBN10:

    0123736692

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2007-09-13
  • Publisher: Elsevier Science
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Summary

Published since 1959, Advances in Applied Microbiologylt;/i> continues to be one of the most widely read and authoritative review sources in Microbiology. The series contains comprehensive reviews of the most current research in applied microbiology. Recent areas covered include bacterial diversity in the human gut, protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes and the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays.

Table of Contents

Contributorsp. xi
Anaerobic Biodegradation of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) and Related Fuel Oxygenatesp. 1
Introductionp. 1
Fuel Oxygenates as Contaminants of Water Sourcesp. 3
Environmental Fatep. 4
MTBE Biodegradationp. 5
Monitoring Natural Attenuationp. 11
Summaryp. 15
Referencesp. 16
Controlled Biomineralization by and Applications of Magnetotactic Bacteriap. 21
Introductionp. 22
Features of the Magnetotactic Bacteriap. 22
General featuresp. 22
Distribution and ecologyp. 23
Phylogeny and taxonomyp. 24
Physiologyp. 26
The Magnetosomep. 30
Composition of magnetosome crystalsp. 30
Size of magnetosome crystalsp. 31
Magnetosome crystal morphologiesp. 31
Arrangement of magnetosomes within cellsp. 33
Biological advantage of magnetotaxisp. 34
Chemical and Molecular Basis of Magnetosome Synthesisp. 35
Genomics of magnetotactic bacteriap. 36
Genetic systems and manipulations in magnetotactic bacteriap. 37
The magnetosome membranep. 38
Physiological conditions under which magnetite magnetosomes are synthesizedp. 46
Regulation of the expression of magnetosome genesp. 47
Applications of Magnetotactic Bacteria, Magnetosomes, and Magnetosome Crystalsp. 48
Mass cultivation of magnetotactic bacteriap. 48
Applications of cells of magnetotactic bacteriap. 49
Applications of magnetosomes and magnetosome crystalsp. 50
Conclusions and Future Research Directionsp. 52
Acknowledgmentsp. 52
Referencesp. 52
The Distribution and Diversity of Euryarchaeota in Termite Gutsp. 63
Introductionp. 63
Euryarchaeota in Termite Gutsp. 64
Termite gut structure and metabolismp. 64
Detection of Euryarchaeota in Termite Gutsp. 67
Isolated Euryarchaeota from termite gutsp. 67
Uncultured Euryarchaeota in lower termite gutsp. 72
Uncultured Euryarchaeota in higher termite gutsp. 73
Why Are There Different Euryarchaeota in Different Termites?p. 76
Conclusionp. 77
Referencesp. 77
Understanding Microbially Active Biogeochemical Environmentsp. 81
Introductionp. 82
An Introduction to the Molecular Microbial Worldp. 83
16S approachesp. 84
rRNA and mRNAp. 85
Recent technological advancesp. 86
Microorganisms in the Environmentp. 87
Microbes and mineralsp. 87
Silicate mineralsp. 90
Metalsp. 91
Extreme Environmentsp. 92
Microbes in iron- and sulfur-rich environmentsp. 93
Cave systemsp. 95
The deep subsurfacep. 96
Radioactive environmentsp. 96
The Origin of Life on Earth, and Beyondp. 97
Conclusionsp. 98
Referencesp. 98
The Scale-Up of Microbial Batch and Fed-Batch Fermentation Processesp. 105
Introductionp. 106
Engineering Considerations Involved in Scale-Upp. 107
Agitator tasks in the bioreactorp. 107
Unaerated power draw P (or mean specific energy dissipation rate [epsilon subscript T] W/kg)p. 110
Aerated power draw P[subscript g] (or aerated ([epsilon subscript T])[subscript g] W/kg)p. 111
Flow close to the agitator-single phase and air-liquidp. 112
Variation in local specific energy dissipation rates, [epsilon subscript T]W/kgp. 112
Air dispersion capabilityp. 112
Bulk fluid-and air-phase mixingp. 113
Main differences across the scalesp. 114
Process Engineering Considerations for Scale-Upp. 115
Fluid mechanical stress or so-called "shear damage"p. 115
Operational constraints at the large scalep. 119
The physiological response of cells to the large-scale environmentp. 122
Small-scale experimental simulation models of the large scalep. 124
Results from small-scale experimental trials of large-scale E. coli fed-batch processesp. 126
Conclusions and Future Perspectivep. 132
Referencesp. 133
Production of Recombinant Proteins in Bacillus subtilisp. 137
Introductionp. 138
Vector Systemsp. 139
Rolling circle-type replication vectorsp. 139
Theta-type replication vectorsp. 141
Integrative vectorsp. 146
Bacteriophage vectorsp. 148
Expression Systemsp. 149
Promoter systemsp. 149
Secretion systemsp. 154
Vectors allowing the addition of tags to recombinant proteinsp. 157
DNA elements improving the production of recombinant proteinsp. 158
Transformation Systemsp. 160
Natural competencep. 160
Protoplastsp. 161
Electrotransformationp. 162
Mobilization from E. coli to B. subtilisp. 162
Chromosomal Mutations Enhancing Production of Native Intra- and Extracellular Proteinsp. 163
Molecular chaperonesp. 163
Cellular factors affecting extracytoplasmic protein folding and degradationp. 164
Chromosomal mutations enhancing the production of recombinant proteinsp. 167
Production of Recombinant Proteins in B. subtilis and Other Bacillip. 168
B. subtilisp. 168
B. brevisp. 168
B. megateriump. 169
Conclusionsp. 171
Acknowledgmentsp. 175
Referencesp. 175
Quorum Sensing: Fact, Fiction, and Everything in Betweenp. 191
Prefacep. 192
Introductionp. 193
The Basics of Microbial Linguisticsp. 193
Autoinducers: The language of prokaryotic communicationp. 193
Autoinducers with antimicrobial activityp. 195
Multiple quorum-sensing systems: Integrating the sensory informationp. 198
The "Environment Sensing" theory: So much for social engagements of bacterialp. 200
Lost in Translationp. 202
Al-2: The most talked about molecule in the fieldp. 202
The early years of research: Al-2 goes interspeciesp. 203
The pivotal case of EHECp. 204
The role of luxS in cell physiology: Activated methyl cyclep. 209
Isr operon: The missing link...is still missingp. 212
Multilingual bacteria: Another look at the role of interspecies communication in V. harveyip. 215
The recent years: Research involving synthetic Al-2p. 216
Al-2 in foods: A few words about the currently accepted Al-2 detection assayp. 220
Quorum Quenching: All Quiet on the Microbial Frontp. 223
Halogenated furanones: The defense system of algaep. 223
AHL lactonases and acylases: Too early to judgep. 223
Quorum quenching: Practical applicationsp. 225
The available screening procedures for quorum-sensing inhibitorsp. 226
The Updatep. 227
Concluding Remarksp. 228
Acknowledgmentsp. 228
Referencesp. 228
Rhizobacteria and Plant Sulfur Supplyp. 235
Introductionp. 236
Assimilation of Sulfur by Plantsp. 237
Uptake and assimilation of inorganic sulfatep. 237
Amino acids/peptides as a source of plant sulfurp. 240
Plant assimilation of oxidized organosulfurp. 241
Microbial Transformations of Sulfur in Soil and Rhizospherep. 242
Mineralization and immobilization of soil sulfurp. 242
Transformations of sulfate estersp. 245
Microbial sulfur transformations in nonaerobic soilsp. 246
Sulfur transformations by fungip. 247
Functional Specificity of Bacteria in Soil Sulfur Transformationsp. 248
Sulfonate desulfurization by rhizosphere bacteriap. 249
Diversity of desulfonation genes in rhizospherep. 250
Changes in microbial community with sulfur supplyp. 255
Sulfatase genes in rhizospherep. 257
Influence of mycorrhizal interactions on sulfur supplyp. 258
Plant Growth Promotion and the Sulfur Cyclep. 259
Conclusionsp. 261
Acknowledgmentsp. 261
Referencesp. 262
Antibiotics and Resistance Genes: Influencing the Microbial Ecosystem in the Gutp. 269
Introductionp. 270
Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Resistant Bacteriap. 270
Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Between Bacteriap. 273
Mechanisms of transferp. 273
Why is the gut a good site for gene transferp. 275
In vivo demonstrations of resistance gene transferp. 276
Consequences of Antibiotic Usep. 277
Increased carriage of resistant bacteria and resistance genes and the emergence of bacterial strains carrying multiple resistance genesp. 277
Evolution of novel forms of resistance genesp. 278
Impact of antibiotics on the commensal gut microbiotap. 280
Combination therapy: Antibiotics and pro/prebioticsp. 281
Antibiotics and the early development of the gut microbiotap. 282
Conclusionsp. 283
Acknowledgmentsp. 284
Referencesp. 284
Indexp. 293
Contents of Previous Volumesp. 305
Color Plate Section
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