Advances in Biomedical Engineering

by Verdonck

• ISBN13: 9780444530752
• ISBN10: 0444530754
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-12-02
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

The aim of this essential reference is to bring together the interdisciplinary areas of biomedical engineering education. Contributors review the latest advances in biomedical engineering research through an educational perspective, making the book useful for students and professionals alike. Topics range from biosignal analysis and nanotechnology to biophotonics and cardiovascular medical devices. - Provides an educational review of recent advances - Focuses on biomedical high technology - Features contributions from leaders in the field

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
List of Contributors	p. xi
Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
The Heart Diseases	p. 8
The Cardiovascular Devices in Open-Heart Surgery	p. 8
Blood Pumps	p. 9
Valve Prostheses	p. 23
Heart Pacemaker	p. 34
The Minimally Invasive Cardiology Tools	p. 34
The Technology for Atrial Fibrillation	p. 38
Minimally Invasive Surgery	p. 39
The Classical Thoracoscopic Tools	p. 40
The Surgical Robots	p. 43
Blood Pumps - MIS Application Study	p. 49
The Minimally Invasive Valve Implantation	p. 53
Support Technology for Surgery Planning	p. 53
Conclusions	p. 57
Biomechanical Modeling of Stents: Survey 1997-2007	p. 61
Introduction	p. 62
Finite Element Modeling of Stents	p. 63
Finite element basics	p. 63
Geometrical design and approximation	p. 64
Material properties	p. 65
Loading and boundary conditions	p. 66
Finite element stent design	p. 66
Effective use of FEA	p. 68
Survey of the State of the Art in Stent Modeling: 1997-2007	p. 68
Neglect of the balloon	p. 69
Cylindrical balloon	p. 74
Folded balloon	p. 78
Summary	p. 81
Alternative methods for biomechanical modeling of stents	p. 84
FEM - Prolapse, flexibility and strut micromechanics	p. 84
FEM - Self-expandable stents	p. 85
CFD-drug elution and immersed FEM	p. 87
Future Prospects	p. 88
Conclusion	p. 88
Signal Extraction in Multisensor Biomedical Recordings	p. 95
Introduction	p. 96
Aim and scope of the chapter	p. 96
Mathematical notations	p. 97
Genesis of Biomedical Signals	p. 98
A biomedical source model	p. 98
Cardiac signals	p. 101
Brain signals	p. 105
Multi-Reference Optimal Wiener Filtering	p. 109
Non-invasive fetal ECG extraction	p. 109
Optimal Wiener filtering	p. 110
Adaptive noise cancellation	p. 112
Results	p. 113
Spatio-Temporal Cancellation	p. 115
Atrial activity extraction in atrial fibrillation	p. 115
Spatio-temporal cancellation of the QRST complex in AF episodes	p. 117
Blind Source Separation (BSS)	p. 123
The isolation of interictal epileptic discharges in the EEG	p. 123
Modeling and assumptions	p. 125
Inherent indeterminacies	p. 127
Statistical independence, higher-order statistics and non-Gaussianity	p. 127
Independent component analysis	p. 129
Algorithms	p. 131
Results	p. 133
Incorporating prior information into the separation model	p. 136
Independent subspaces	p. 138
Softening the stationarity constraint	p. 138
Revealing more sources than sensor signals	p. 138
Summary, Conclusions and Outlook	p. 139
Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy and Imaging of Visible Fluorescent Proteins	p. 145
Introduction	p. 146
Introduction to Fluorescence	p. 146
Interaction of light with matter	p. 146
The Jablonski diagram	p. 147
Fluorescence parameters	p. 151
Fluorescence lifetime	p. 151
Measurement of fluorescence lifetime	p. 153
Fluorescence anisotropy and polarization	p. 155
Factors affecting fluorescence	p. 157
Fluorophores and Fluorescent Proteins	p. 160
Green fluorescent protein	p. 161
Red fluorescent protein	p. 165
Applications of VFPs	p. 166
Lifetime spectroscopy and imaging of VFPs	p. 167
Concluding Remarks	p. 170
Monte Carlo Simulations in Nuclear Medicine Imaging	p. 175
Introduction	p. 176
Nuclear Medicine Imaging	p. 176
Single photon imaging	p. 176
Positron emission tomography	p. 178
Emission tomography in small animal imaging	p. 179
Reconstruction	p. 179
The MC Method	p. 180
Random numbers	p. 180
Sampling methods	p. 181
Photon transport modeling	p. 182
Scoring	p. 183
Relevance of Accurate MC Simulations in Nuclear Medicine	p. 184
Studying detector design	p. 184
Analysing quantification issues	p. 184
Correction methods for image degradations	p. 185
Detection tasks using MC simulations	p. 186
Applications in other domains	p. 186
Available MC Simulators	p. 187
Gate	p. 188
Basic features	p. 188
GATE: Time management	p. 192
GATE: Digitization	p. 193
Efficiency-Accuracy Trade-Off	p. 194
Accuracy and validation	p. 194
Calculation time	p. 194
Case Studies	p. 195
Case study I: TOF-PET	p. 195
Case study II: Assessment of PVE correction	p. 196
Case study III: MC-based reconstruction	p. 197
Future Prospects	p. 200
Conclusion	p. 200
Biomedical Visualization	p. 209
Introduction	p. 210
Scalar Field Visualization	p. 211
Direct volume rendering	p. 211
Isosurface extraction	p. 220
Time-dependent scalar field visualization	p. 222
Vector Field Visualization	p. 223
Vector field methods in scientific visualization	p. 224
Streamline-based techniques	p. 225
Stream surfaces	p. 226
Texture representations	p. 229
Topology	p. 232
Tensor Field Visualization	p. 234
Anisotropy and tensor invariants	p. 235
Color coding of major eigenvector orientation	p. 236
Tensor glyphs	p. 236
Fiber tractography	p. 239
Volume rendering	p. 241
White matter segmentation using tensor invariants	p. 244
Multi-field Visualization	p. 245
Error and Uncertainty Visualization	p. 250
Visualization Software	p. 254
SCIRun/BioPSE visualization tools	p. 255
map3d	p. 258
Summary and Conclusion	p. 263
Index	p. 273
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