Advances in Computers

by Zelkowitz

• ISBN13: 9780123744111
• ISBN10: 0123744113
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-06-24
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

This is volume 72 of Advances in Computers, a series that began back in 1960 and is the oldest continuing series chronicling the ever-changing landscape of information technology. Each year three volumes are produced, which present approximately 20 chapters that describe the latest technology in the use of computers today. In this volume 72, we present the current status in the development of a new generation of high-performance computers. The computer today has become ubiquitous with millions of machines being sold (and discarded) annually. Powerful machines are produced for only a few hundred U.S. dollars, and one of the problems faced by vendors of these machines is that, due to the continuing adherence to Moore's law, where the speed of such machines doubles about every 18 months, we typically have more than enough computer power for our needs for word processing, surfing the web, or playing video games. However, the same cannot be said for applications that require large powerful machines. Applications such as weather and climate prediction, fluid flow for designing new airplanes or automobiles, or nuclear plasma flow require as much computer power as we can provide, and even that is not enough. Today's machines operate at the teraflop level (trillions of floating point operations per second) and this book describes research into the petaflop region (1,015 FLOPS). The six chapters provide an overview of current activities that will provide for the introduction of these machines in the years 2011 through 2015.

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. ix
Preface	p. xvii
DARPA's HPCS Program: History, Models, Tools, Languages
Historical Background	p. 3
Productivity Systems Modeling	p. 19
Productivity Evaluation on Emerging Architectures	p. 37
The DARPA HPCS Language Project	p. 58
Research on Defining and Measuring Productivity	p. 69
The HPC Challenge Benchmark Suite	p. 86
Summary: The DARPA HPCS Program	p. 95
References	p. 96
Productivity in High-Performance Computing
Introduction	p. 102
A General Formulation	p. 105
Factors Determining HPC Productivity	p. 107
A Special Theory of Productivity	p. 121
A User-based Model of Productivity	p. 124
Software Development & Productivity	p. 129
Related Works	p. 131
Conclusions	p. 133
References	p. 134
Performance Prediction and Ranking of Supercomputers
Introduction	p. 137
Methods for Predicting Performance	p. 139
A Method for Weighting Benchmarks	p. 143
Examples	p. 148
Using End-to-End Runtimes	p. 152
Using Basic Trace Data	p. 160
Application-Independent Rankings	p. 163
Conclusion	p. 168
Acknowledgments	p. 169
References	p. 170
Sampled Processor Simulation: A Survey
Introduction	p. 174
Trace-Driven versus Execution-Driven Simulation	p. 176
Sampled Simulation	p. 178
Simulation Speed	p. 180
Representative Sampling Units	p. 182
Architecture State	p. 190
Microarchitecture State	p. 195
Case Studies	p. 214
Summary	p. 217
Acknowledgments	p. 217
References	p. 217
Distributed Sparse Matrices for Very High Level Languages
Introduction	p. 226
Sparse Matrices: A User's View	p. 227
Data Structures and Storage	p. 228
Operations on Distributed Sparse Matrices	p. 230
SSCA #2 Graph Analysis Benchmark	p. 239
Looking Forward: A Next-Generation Parallel Sparse Library	p. 248
Conclusion	p. 250
References	p. 251
Bibliographic Snapshots of High-Performance/High-Productivity Computing
Introduction	p. 255
Computational Environments in Government, Academia and Industry	p. 257
References	p. 259
Computational Science Education (CSE)	p. 260
References	p. 263
Supercomputing Architecture	p. 264
References	p. 265
Some HPC Issues	p. 271
References	p. 272
Benchmarking Issues and Concerns	p. 275
References	p. 281
Acceleration Techniques for HPC Applications	p. 286
References	p. 287
The Race for Petaflop Computing	p. 292
References	p. 300
Influences of Floating-Point Arithmetic on Computational Results	p. 303
References	p. 304
Industrial HPC Progress	p. 305
References	p. 311
Access to On-Demand HPC	p. 314
References	p. 315
A Few HPC Videos	p. 315
References	p. 316
Author Index	p. 319
Subject Index	p. 329
Contents of Volumes in This Series	p. 339
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