Advances in Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Testing, Characterization, and Environmental Regulations

by Occelli; Mario L.

• ISBN13: 9781420062540
• ISBN10: 1420062549
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-11-30
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Refiners' efforts to conform to increasingly stringent laws and a preference for fuels derived from renewable sources have mandated changes in fluid cracking catalyst technology. Advances in Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Testing, Characterization, and Environmental Regulations explores recent advances and innovations in this important component of petroleum refining technology and evaluates how the industry has been changed by environmental regulations worldwide.Measurement, testing, and improvementModern spectroscopic techniques continue to be essential to the understanding of catalyst performance and feedstock properties. The book contains a detailed review of the use of adsorption microcalorimetry to measure acidity, acid site density, and the strength of the strongest acid sites in heterogenous catalysts. It also discusses the use of 1 H-NMR to characterize the properties of a FCCU feedstock. In addition, the book dedicates several chapters to pilot plant testing of catalysts and nontraditional feedstocks, maximizing and improving LCO (heating oil) production and quality, and improving FCCU operations.Complying with the EPAThe EPA has identified the petroleum refining industry as a targeted enforcement area for the Clean Air Act (CAA) passed in 1970 and the CAA Amendments of 1990. The final chapters of the book examine the evolution of the EPA's attempts to encourage the refining industry to enter into voluntary consent decrees to comply with the CAA and the 1990 amendments. The book describes consent decree negotiations as well as FCC emissions (SO x , NO x , CO, PM) reduction technologies through consent decree implementations.Containing contributions from a panel of worldwide experts, the book demonstrates how the global shift toward environmentalism has engineered significant changes in the petroleum refining industry at a critical level.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Contributors	p. xiii
Maximizing FCC Light Cycle Oil by Heavy Cycle Oil Recycle	p. 1
A New Catalytic Process Approach for Low Aromatic LCO	p. 23
Catalyst Evaluation Using an ARCO Pilot Unit on North Sea Atmospheric Residue	p. 37
Pilot Unit Test of Residue Type Catalysts on North Sea Atmospheric Residue	p. 63
Novel FCC Catalysts and Processing Methods for Heavy Oil Conversion and Propylene Production	p. 77
Improving the Profitability of the FCCU	p. 91
Troubleshooting Complex FCCU Issues	p. 101
Catalytic Cracking for Integration of Refinery and Steam Crackers	p. 119
Advanced Artificial Deactivation of FCC Catalysts	p. 127
Coke Characterization by Temperature-Programmed Oxidation of Spent FCC Catalysts That Process Heavy Feedstock	p. 143
The Effect of Cohesive Forces on Catalyst Entrainment in Fluidized Bed Regenerators	p. 155
Application of 1H-NMR for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Feed Characterization	p. 173
Surface Acid-Base Characterization of Containing Group IIIA Catalysts by Using Adsorption Microcalorimetry	p. 199
EPA Consent Decree Implementation	p. 257
FCC Emission Reduction Technologies through Consent Decree Implementation: Heat Balance Effects on Emissions	p. 271
FCC Emission Reduction Technologies through Consent Decree Implementation: FCC SOx Emissions and Controls	p. 291
FCC Emission Reduction Technologies through Consent Decree Implementation: FCC NOx Emissions and Controls	p. 315
FCC Emission Reduction Technologies through Consent Decree Implementation: FCC PM Emissions and Controls	p. 351
Index	p. 379
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