Advances in Virus Research

by Maramorosch; Murphy; Shatkin

• ISBN13: 9780120398522
• ISBN10: 0120398524
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-06-10
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology.In 2004, the Institute for Scientific Information released figures showing that the series has an Impact Factor of 2.576, with a half-life of 7.1 years, placing it 11th in the highly competitive category of Virology.

Table of Contents

Picornaviruses: Epitopes, Canyons, and Pockets
Thomas J. Smith
Timothy Baker
Introduction	1	(1)
Background	2	(1)
Antibody-Mediated Neutralization	2	(6)
Canyon Hypothesis	8	(2)
Pockets	10	(4)
Pocket Factors	14	(1)
Viral ``Breathing''	15	(1)
Thermodynamic Model for Viral Uncoating	16	(10)
References	19	(7)
Naturally Occurring Variants of Hepatitis B Virus
Stephan Gunther
Lutz Fischer
Irmgard Pult
Martina Sterneck
Hans Will
Introduction	26	(4)
HBV Sequence Variation	30	(7)
Variants with Mutations in Pre-C Region	37	(19)
Variants with Mutations in C Gene	56	(14)
Core Promoter Variants	70	(10)
Mutations Changing X Protein Structure and Function	80	(1)
S Gene Variants	81	(14)
Mutations Changing P Protein Structure and Function	95	(2)
Variants with Grossly Altered Genome Structure	97	(4)
Conclusions and Hypotheses	101	(39)
References	105	(35)
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology, Virology, and Molecular Biology
Ronit Sarid
Sonja J. Olsen
Patrick S. Moore
Introduction	140	(2)
Discovery and Initial Characterization of KSHV	142	(2)
Epidemiology of KSHV and Etiology of KS	144	(25)
KSHV Virology and Molecular Biology	169	(13)
KSHV Genes	182	(19)
KSHV Gene Expression	201	(3)
KSHV and Tumorigenesis	204	(3)
Future Directions	207	(26)
References	208	(25)
Role of Chemokine Receptors in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis
Ted M. Ross
Paul D. Bieniasz
Bryan R. Cullen
Introduction	233	(1)
HIV/SIV Entry and Chemokine Receptor Selectivity	234	(1)
Evidence for Chemokine Receptors as Cofactors for HIV-1 Entry	235	(3)
Mechanism of Action of Coreceptors	238	(8)
Expression Patterns and Regulation of Chemokine Receptors	246	(2)
Viral Determinants of Coreceptor Recognition	248	(3)
Coreceptor Utilization by HIV/SIV in Vivo	251	(4)
Implications for HIV Disease Treatment	255	(1)
Conclusions	256	(19)
References	256	(15)
Special Section: RETROVIRAL INTEGRATION
Anna Marie Skalka
Introduction
Anna Marie Skalka
Text	271	(4)
Nuclear Import of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Preintegration Complexes
Ron A.M. Fouchier
Michael H. Malim
Introduction	275	(1)
Pathways of Cellular Nuclear Import	276	(1)
Nuclear Import in Nonretroviral Systems	277	(3)
HIV-1 Infection of Nondividing Cells	280	(1)
Isolation and Composition of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes	280	(1)
NLSs in HIV-1 Preintegration Complex Proteins	281	(5)
Models for HIV-1 Preintegration Complex Nuclear Import	286	(3)
Some Future Questions	289	(1)
Relationships between Oncoretrovirus and Foamy Virus Infections and the Cell Cycle	290	(2)
Summary	292	(9)
References	292	(9)
Host Proteins in Retroviral cDNA Integration
Frederic D. Bushman
Introduction	301	(1)
Assaying cDNA Integration in Vitro	302	(2)
Host Proteins Involved in Early Steps of cDNA Integration	304	(4)
Host Proteins Involved in Late Stages of Integration Reaction	308	(1)
Proteins Influencing Target Site Selection	309	(3)
Summary and Future Directions	312	(7)
References	312	(7)
HIV Integrase Structure and Function
Dominic Esposito
Robert Craigie
Introduction	319	(1)
Domain Structure of HIV-1 Integrase	320	(1)
Catalytic Core Domain	321	(1)
N-Terminal Zinc-Binding Domain	322	(1)
C-Terminal Domain	323	(1)
Multimeric Organization of HIV Integrase	324	(2)
HIV Integrase-DNA Interactions	326	(2)
Summary	328	(7)
References	329	(6)
Crystal Structures of Catalytic Core Domains of Retroviral Integrases and Role of Divalent Cations in Enzymatic Activity
Alexander Wlodawer
Introduction	335	(1)
Domain Structures of IN and Enzymatic Activity of Its Core	336	(1)
Structural Studies of Catalytic Domain of IN	337	(2)
Active Site	339	(1)
Role of Dimer	340	(1)
Binding of Divalent Cations	341	(1)
Activity of ASV IN Catalytic Domain with Various Divalent Cations	342	(1)
Comparison with Related Enzymes	343	(1)
Comparison of Divalent Cation Binding Sites in IN and Related Enzymes	344	(1)
Inhibitors of IN	345	(1)
Summary	346	(5)
References	347	(4)
HIV-1 Integrase: Structural Organization, Conformational Changes, and Catalysis
Ernest Asante-Appiah
Anna Marie Skalka
Introduction	351	(1)
Structural Organization of IN	352	(3)
Functional Oligomer	355	(3)
Metal-Induced Conformational Changes	358	(2)
Structural Features That Mediate Conformational Changes in HIV-1 IN	360	(2)
Conformational Changes and Catalysis	362	(1)
Conclusion	363	(1)
Summary	364	(7)
References	365	(6)
Substrate Recognition by Retroviral Integrases
Michael Katzman
Richard A. Katz
Introduction	371	(2)
DNA Substrates	373	(1)
In Vitro Assays	373	(2)
Recognition of Viral DNA	375	(8)
Recognition of Host DNA	383	(3)
Perspective	386	(1)
Summary	387	(10)
References	388	(9)
Reconstitution of Concerted DNA Integration with Purified Components
Patrick Hindmarsh
Jonathan Leis
Characteristics of Retrovirus DNA Integration in Vivo	397	(1)
Oligodeoxynucleotides as Integration Substrates	398	(1)
Early in Vitro Reconstitution Integration Systems	399	(2)
Reconstitution of ASV Concerted DNA Integration	401	(2)
Mutations in U5 or U3 LTRs That Influence Integration	403	(1)
Reconstitution of HIV-1 Concerted DNA Integration	404	(1)
HMG Proteins	405	(1)
Role of HMG Proteins in Integration	406	(1)
Conclusion	407	(4)
References	407	(4)
In Vivo Analysis of Retroviral Integrase Structure and Function
Alan Engelman
Introduction	411	(1)
Retroviral att Locus	411	(4)
Structure and Function of Retroviral IN	415	(1)
Class I IN Mutant Viruses	416	(1)
Class II IN Mutants: Defective Reverse Transcription and Particle Morphogenesis/Release	417	(4)
Complementation of IN Defects with Vpr Fusion Proteins	421	(1)
Summary	422	(5)
References	423	(4)
Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase
Yves Pommier
Nouri Neamati
Introduction	427	(1)
Possible Sites of Action for Integration Inhibitors	428	(8)
Assays and Discovery of Inhibitors	436	(6)
Inhibitors Reported to Date	442	(6)
Conclusions	448	(1)
Summary	448	(11)
References	448	(11)
Index	459