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Preface | p. xiii |
Africa: The Continent and Its People | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Geography | p. 2 |
Demography | p. 7 |
Language and Culture | p. 11 |
African Traditional Institutions | p. 19 |
Introduction | p. 19 |
Kinship | p. 23 |
Forms of Marriage | p. 26 |
Nonkinship Groups | p. 32 |
The Individual in African Societies | p. 36 |
Family Life and Socialization | p. 41 |
Family Life | p. 41 |
Socialization | p. 42 |
Traditional Religious Beliefs | p. 45 |
Belief in God | p. 46 |
Belief in Spirits | p. 49 |
Belief in Ancestors | p. 49 |
Religion as a Way of Life | p. 50 |
Politics and Government in Traditional Africa | p. 52 |
Segmental Systems | p. 53 |
Hierarchical Systems | p. 54 |
Pyramidal Systems | p. 55 |
Political Development in Historic Africa | p. 59 |
Introduction | p. 59 |
Prehistoric Africa | p. 63 |
Ancient Africa | p. 66 |
The Kingdoms of Egypt | p. 66 |
Other Ancient African Civilizations | p. 70 |
Medieval Africa | p. 71 |
Early Modern Africa | p. 81 |
Nineteenth-Century Africa | p. 83 |
North Africa (c. 1800-1900) | p. 84 |
The African Sudan (c. 1800-1900) | p. 85 |
West Africa (c. 1800-1900) | p. 87 |
East Africa (c. 1800-1900) | p. 92 |
Conclusions | p. 96 |
Colonialism and the African Experience | p. 99 |
Introduction | p. 99 |
Reasons for Europe's Interest in Africa | p. 100 |
Imperialism in Africa: The Rationale | p. 103 |
Race and European Colonizers: "The Civilizing Missions" | p. 106 |
The British Mission | p. 107 |
The French Mission | p. 108 |
The French and the British Contrasted: Senghor and Khama | p. 109 |
Fanon's Theory of French Racism | p. 111 |
The Portuguese Mission | p. 112 |
The Belgian Mission | p. 114 |
Colonial Administrative Styles | p. 116 |
Indirect Rule | p. 117 |
Direct Rule | p. 119 |
Company Rule | p. 122 |
Indirect Company Rule | p. 123 |
The Economics of Colonialism | p. 125 |
Expropriation of Land | p. 125 |
Exploitation of Labor | p. 127 |
Hut and Poll Tax | p. 128 |
Labor Conscription | p. 129 |
Cash Crops and One-Crop Economies | p. 130 |
Prohibition of Inter-African Trade and Communications | p. 131 |
Immigrant Labor | p. 132 |
Lack of Industrialization | p. 134 |
Colonial Rule: Did the Africans Benefit? | p. 134 |
African Nationalism and the Struggle for Freedom | p. 139 |
Introduction | p. 139 |
Modern African Nationalism | p. 141 |
Colonial Oppression | p. 142 |
Missionary Churches | p. 143 |
World Wars I and II | p. 149 |
Pan-Africanism | p. 151 |
The League of Nations and the United Nations | p. 157 |
Independence Movements | p. 160 |
Conclusions | p. 165 |
African Independence: The First Thirty Years | p. 169 |
Introduction | p. 169 |
Decolonization and the Transfer of Power | p. 170 |
Centralization of Power | p. 170 |
Regionalism and Separatism: Nigeria | p. 172 |
Regionalism and Separatism: East Africa | p. 173 |
Decolonization in French Colonies | p. 174 |
Problems at Independence | p. 176 |
Popular Expectations | p. 176 |
Lack of Economic Development | p. 177 |
Arbitrary Borders | p. 179 |
Political Instability | p. 181 |
Policy Choices after Independence | p. 183 |
One-Party Systems | p. 183 |
African Socialism | p. 187 |
Tanzania | p. 189 |
Ghana | p. 193 |
Guinea | p. 195 |
Senegal | p. 196 |
African Capitalism | p. 197 |
What Went Wrong in Independent Africa? | p. 200 |
One-Party Systems | p. 200 |
Personality Cults | p. 201 |
Coups d'etat and Civil Wars | p. 201 |
Refugees | p. 203 |
Centralized Economies | p. 203 |
International Debt | p. 204 |
Corruption | p. 204 |
HIV/AIDS | p. 205 |
The Gains of Independence | p. 206 |
The African Struggle for Democracy and Free Markets | p. 209 |
Introduction | p. 209 |
The Struggle for Democracy | p. 210 |
Kenya: Flirting with Democracy | p. 211 |
Mugabe: "Zimbabwe Belongs to Me" | p. 213 |
Democratic Republic of Congo | p. 214 |
Cameroon: Paul Biya's Democracy | p. 215 |
Economic Reforms | p. 219 |
NEPAD | p. 225 |
Conclusions | p. 227 |
Africa in World Affairs | p. 233 |
Introduction | p. 233 |
The Cold War | p. 236 |
The Non-Aligned Movement | p. 238 |
The Organization of African Unity | p. 241 |
The African Union | p. 248 |
Objectives of the African Union | p. 249 |
Organs of the African Union | p. 250 |
Financial Institutions of the AU | p. 251 |
The United States and Africa | p. 252 |
The Soviet Union and Africa | p. 255 |
Conclusions | p. 261 |
Index | p. 267 |
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