Against the Modern World Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century

by Sedgwick, Mark

• ISBN13: 9780195152975
• ISBN10: 0195152972
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-06-03
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The first history of Traditionalism, an important yet surprisingly little-known twentieth-century anti-modern movement. Comprising a number of often secret but sometimes very influential religious groups in the West and in the Islamic world, it affected mainstream and radical politics inEurope and the development of the field of religious studies in the United States. In the nineteenth century, at a time when progressive intellectuals had lost faith in Christianity's ability to deliver religious and spiritual truth, the West discovered non-Western religious writings. From these beginnings grew Traditionalism, emerging from the occultist milieu of latenineteenth-century France, and fed by the widespread loss of faith in progress that followed the First World War. Working first in Paris and then in Cairo, the French writer Rene Guenon rejected modernity as a dark age, and sought to reconstruct the Perennial Philosophy-- the central religioustruths behind all the major world religions --largely on the basis of his reading of Hindu religious texts. A number of disenchanted intellectuals responded to Guenon's call with attempts to put theory into practice. Some attempted without success to guide Fascism and Nazism along Traditionalist lines; others later participated in political terror in Italy. Traditionalism finally provided theideological cement for the alliance of anti-democratic forces in post-Soviet Russia, and at the end of the twentieth century began to enter the debate in the Islamic world about the desirable relationship between Islam and modernity

Author Biography

Mark Sedgwick is Assistant Professor of History at the American University in Cairo, and is the author of Sufism: The Essentials (2000).

Table of Contents

List of Main Characters,	xiii
Prologue,	3	(18)
PART I The Development of Traditionalism
1. Traditionalism,	21	(18)
2. Perennialism,	39	(16)
3. Gnostics, Taoists, and Sufis,	55	(18)
PART II Traditionalism in Practice
4. Cairo, Mostaganem, and Basel,	73	(22)
5. Fascism,	95	(24)
6. Fragmentation,	119	(28)
PART III Traditionalism at Large
7. The Maryamiyya,	147	(14)
8. America,	161	(18)
9. Terror in Italy,	179	(10)
10. Education,	189	(18)
PART IV Traditionalism and the Future
11. Europe after 1968,	207	(14)
12. Neo-Eurasianism in Russia,	221	(20)
13. The Islamic World,	241	(22)
14. Against the Stream,	263	(10)
Notes,	273	(70)
Glossary,	343	(4)
Interviewees,	347	(4)
Bibliography,	351	(10)
Index,	361