AID for Immunoglobulin Diversity

by Alt; Honjo

• ISBN13: 9780123737069
• ISBN10: 0123737060
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-06-05
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Advances in Immunology, a long established and highly respected serial, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. ix
Preface	p. xiii
Discovery of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase, the Engraver of Antibody Memory
Abstract	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Identification of AID as a Key Molecule in CSR and SHM	p. 4
AID Is the Only B-Cell-Specific Factor Required for Both CSR and SHM	p. 87
Functional Domains of AID	p. 11
AID Is Involved in a DNA Cleavage Step	p. 14
Major Hypotheses for the Action of AID	p. 16
Critical Examination of the DNA Deamination Model	p. 19
Evidence for a Novel Function of UNG in CSR	p. 24
Conclusion	p. 28
References	p. 29
DNA Deamination in Immunity: AID in the Context of Its APOBEC Relatives
Abstract	p. 37
Introduction	p. 38
AID: The DNA Deaminase Trigger for Antibody Diversification	p. 38
The Zn-Dependent Deaminase Superfamily	p. 39
Timeline of AID/APOBEC Evolution	p. 48
APOBEC1: An RNA-Editing Enzyme That Can Also Act on DNA	p. 49
APOBEC2: A Muscle-Specific Family Member of Unknown Function/Activity	p. 50
APOBEC4: A Distant or Ancestral Member of the AID/APOBEC Family	p. 51
APOBEC3s: DNA Deaminases Active in Viral Restriction	p. 52
Conclusion	p. 63
References	p. 63
The Role of Activation-Induced Deaminase in Antibody Diversification and Chromosome Translocations
Abstract	p. 75
Introduction	p. 76
Events Preceding the DNA Lesion	p. 77
The DNA Lesion	p. 78
DNA Damage Detection and Resolution During CSR	p. 85
AID and Lymphomagenic Lesions	p. 93
Conclusions and Perspectives	p. 96
References	p. 96
Targeting of AID-Mediated Sequence Diversification by cis-Acting Determinants
Abstract	p. 109
Introduction	p. 109
The Link Between Transcription and AID-Mediated Sequence Diversification	p. 111
Other cis-Acting Determinants Involved in the Targeting of AID	p. 116
Future Outlook	p. 120
References	p. 120
AID-Initiated Purposeful Mutations in Immunoglobulin Genes
Abstract	p. 127
Introduction	p. 128
Biochemical Basis of C Deamination by APOBEC Enzymes	p. 132
How and Why Might AID-Specific Mutations Be Targeted?	p. 141
Selection of AID-Induced Mutations During Ab Maturation	p. 143
References	p. 149
Evolution of the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Class Switch Recombination Mechanism
Abstract	p. 157
Overview of Genetic Alterations in B Lymphocytes	p. 158
Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase	p. 162
Role of Germ Line Transcription and Switch Regions in CSR	p. 169
Posttranscriptional Regulation of AID	p. 180
Mechanisms Involved in Synapsis of AID Initiated DSBs in Widely Separated S Regions	p. 184
General DNA Repair Systems in the Joining Phase of CSR	p. 189
Evolution of CSR	p. 197
References	p. 198
Beyond SHM and CSR: AID and Related Cytidine Deaminases in the Host Response to Viral Infection
Abstract	p. 215
Introduction	p. 215
Evolution of the AID/APOBEC Cytidine Deaminase Family	p. 216
APOBEC3: A Subfamily of Antiviral Cytidine Deaminases	p. 217
AID in the Host Response to Viral Infection	p. 229
Concluding Remarks	p. 235
References	p. 237
Role of AID in Tumorigenesis
Abstract	p. 245
Introduction	p. 246
AID Transgenic Mouse Models	p. 247
Role of AID in Chromosomal Translocation and Subsequent Lymphomagenesis	p. 249
AID Expression in Human B-Cell Malignancies	p. 252
Mechanism of AID Expression in Normal and Malignant B Cells	p. 259
AID Expression in Normal and Malignant Nonlymphoid Cells	p. 263
Concluding Remarks	p. 265
References	p. 265
Pathophysiology of B-Cell Intrinsic Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination Deficiencies
Abstract	p. 275
Introduction	p. 276
Ig-CSR Deficiency Type 1 Caused by Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency	p. 279
Ig-CSR Deficiency Type 2 Caused by UNG Deficiency	p. 289
Molecularly Undefined Ig-CSR Deficiency with Normal SHM	p. 292
Concluding Remarks	p. 296
References	p. 298
Index	p. 307
Contents of Recent Volumes	p. 317
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