Aims of Argument : Text and Reader with Student Access to Catalyst

by Crusius, Timothy W.; Channell, Carolyn E.

• ISBN13: 9780073201962
• ISBN10: 0073201960
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-03-30
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

The Aims of Argument focuses on the aims-or purposes-of argument: to inquire, to convince, to persuade, and to mediate. In contrast to other books' pedagogy, Aims emphasizes rhetorical contexts, helping students become experts in reading, analyzing, and writing arguments.

Table of Contents

*Indicates that the reading selection is new to this edition

PART ONE, Resources for Reading and Writing Arguments

Chapter One, Understanding Argument

What Is Argument?

What Is Rhetoric?

An Example of Argument

Discussion of You Have a Right

Four Criteria of Mature Reasoning

What Are the Aims of Argument?

Where are the Aims of Argument Used?

A Good Tool for Understanding and Writing Arguments: The Writers Notebook

Why Keep a Notebook?

Notebook Options

Keeping a Print Notebook

Keeping an Electronic Notebook

Ways of Using a Notebook

Chapter Two, Reading An Argument

The First Encounter: Seeing the Whole Text in Context

The Second Encounter: Reading and Analyzing the Text

Wrestling With Difficult Passages

Using Paraphrase to Aid Comprehension

Analyzing the Reasoning of an Argument

The Third Encounter: Responding Critically to an Argument

Chapter Three, Analyzing Arguments: A Simplified Toulmin Method

A Preliminary Critical Reading

A Step-by-Step Demonstration of the Toulmin Method

Find the Exceptions

Analyzing the Reasons

List the Reasons

Examine the Reasons

Analyzing Evidence

Noting Refutations

Summarizing Your Analysis

A Final Note about Logical Analysis

Chapter Four, Reading and Writing about Visual Arguments Understanding Visual Arguments

Reading Images

Analysis: Five Common Types of Visual Arguments

[FOUR-COLOR Visual Argument INSERT]

Chapter Five, Writing Research-Based Arguments

Finding an Issue

Finding Sources

Evaluating Sources

Using Sources

Incorporating and Documenting Source Material in the Text of Your Argument

Instructions for Using MLA and APA Style

Direct Quotations

Indirect Quotations

Creating a Works-Cited or Reference List

PART TWO, The Aims of Argument

Chapter Six, Looking for Some Truth: Arguing to Inquire

Inquiry and Interpretation in Academic Writing

The Writing Project: Exploratory Essay, Part One

Conversations and Dialogue in Inquiry

Inquiry Again: Digging Deeper

The Writing Project: Part Two

The Writing Project: Part Three

After Drafting Your Essay

Inquiry: Summing Up the Aim

Chapter Seven, Making Your Case: Arguing to Convince

The Nature of Convincing: Structure and Strategy

Thinking about Audience

Formulating the Thesis

The Process of Writing a Convincing Argument

Chapter Eight, Motivating Action: Arguing to Persuade

When to Convince and When to Persuade: A Matter of Emphasis

Reading a Persuasive Essay

Using the Forms of Appeal

The Process of Writing a Persuasive Essay

Chapter Nine, Mediating Disputes: Arguing to Resolve Conflict

Mediation and the Other Aims of Argument

Analyzing Your Readers

The Proces of Mediation

Finding Creative Solutions: Exploring Common Ground

Exploring Common Ground in the Debate over National Identity

The Mediatory Essay

Analyzing a Mediatory Essay

Writing a Mediatory Essay

Part Three, Two Case Books for Argument

Chapter Ten, Casebook on 09/11/01 and After: Coping With Terrorism

Photo Essay

General Introduction: Three Years After 9/11

Section 1: Background Information

OVERVIEW

* Eileen Berrington, Representations of Terror in the Legitimation of War

* Philip Jenkins, Why Terrorism?

Stephen Zunes, 10 Things to Know About the Middle East

Jim Landers, Bin Laden Allies Want Islamic Unity

* Don Van Natta, Jr., A World Made More Dangerous as Terrorism Spreads

Paul Wilkinson, Analysis of Terrorist Weapons and the Liberal State Response

Questions for Discussion

Writing Assignment Suggestions

Section 2: Views of Terrorism

*Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations?

*Edward W. Said, The Clash of Ignorance

*Charles Krauthammer, The Enemy Is Not Islam: It Is Nihilism

*Yonah Alexander, Terrorism in the Name of God

*Chalmers Johnson, Blowback

Leo Braudy, Terrorism as a Gender War

Questions for Discussion

Writing Assignment Suggestions

Section 3: Assessing the War on Terror

*Rohan Gunaratna, The Al Qaeda Threat and the International Response

*Gorshom Gorenberg, The Terrorist Trap

*Joseph S. Nye, Jr., The Velvet Hegemon: How Soft Power Can Help Defeat Terrorism

*Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay, "The Bush Revolution:

*Noam Chomsky, One Man's World

*John O'Sullivan, Where We Stand: The Situation in Iraq, and How to Go Forward

*Harold Hongju Koh, Rights to Remember

*Dianna Ortiz, Mr. President, Stop the Torture!

Chapter 11, Casebook on Personal Relationships: Sex, Love, and Maybe Even Marriage

Photo/Cartoon Portfolio

Section 1: Defining Love

* Helen Fisher, Web of Love: Lust, Romance, and Attachment

*Diane Ackerman, The Medieval Contribution to Love

*Chrys Ingraham, What Wedding Films Tell Us about Love

Section 2: Choosing Partners

* David Buss, What Women Want

* David Buss, Men Want Something Else

* Natalie Angier, The Gray Matter of Love: An Interview with Geoffrey Miller

* Barbara Defoe Whitehead and David Popenoe, Who Wants to Marry a Soul Mate?

* Jack Armstrong, The Perfect Union

Section 3: Courting, Dating, or Just Hooking Up

*Bella English, Dinner and a Movie? No Thanks on College Campuses

*Jack Grimes, Hook Up Culture

* Ethan Watters, In My Tribe

* Cristina Nehring, Mr. Goodbar Redux: Illusions. Affection. Lies.

* Kate Zernicke, Just Saying No to the Dating Industry

Section 4: Getting Married

*Linda Waite and Maggie Gallagher, Happily Ever After?

*Laura Kipnis, Against Love

*Jane Smiley, Why Marriage?

* Anne Roiphe, Am I the Oldest Living Monogamist?

* Joan Konner, Grown-up Love

Part Four, Readings: Issues and Arguments

Chapter 12, Feminism: Evaluating the Effects of Gender Roles

Cassandra L. Langer, What Is Feminism?

Kirk Anderson, Cartoon

*Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards, A Day Without Feminism

Suzanne Fields, Mission No Longer Impossible - Or Is It?

B. Smaller, Cartoon

Joan Williams, Reconstructive Feminism

Gary Trudeau, Cartoon

Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth

Katha Pollitt, Womens Rights: As the World Turns

Chapter 13, Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Rights: Responding to Homophobia

Jeffrey Nickel, Everybody's Threatened by Homophobia

Pete Hamill, Confessions of a Heterosexual

Gary Trudeau, Cartoon

Peter J. Gomes, Homophobic? Reread Your Bible

Jonathan Alter, Degrees of Discomfort

Jonathan Rauch, Beyond Oppression

Chapter 14, Genetics and Enhancement: Better than Human?

*Anne Applebaum, Stem Cell Stumping

*James D. Watson, All for the Good: Why Genetic Engineering Must Soldier On

*Francis Fukuyama, In Defense of Nature: Human and Non-Human

*Gregory Stock, Choosing Our Genes

*Francis Fukuyama/Gregory Stock, The Clone Wars

*Steven Pinker, Why Designer Babies Won't Happen Soon

*Sondra Wheeler, Making Babies

*Carl Elliott, The Tyranny of Happiness

Chapter 15, Liberal Education and Contemporary Culture: What Should Undergraduates Learn?

Arthur Levine and Jeanette S. Cureton, College Life: An Obituary

Lois Bernstein, Photograph

Mark Edmundson, On the Uses of Liberal Education: As Lite Entertainment for Bored College Students

Earl Shorris, On the Uses of Liberal Education: As a Weapon in the Hands of the Restless Poor

John Tagg, The Decline of the Knowledge Factory: Why Our Colleges Must Change

Chapter 16, Race and Class: Examining Social Inequality

Bruce Roberts, Photograph

*Richard Ohmann, Is Class an Identity?

*Michael Lind, The Beige and the Black

*Bell Hooks, White Poverty: The Politics of Invisibility

A. Ramey, Photograh

Linda Darling-Hammond, Unequal Opportunity: Race and Education

Shelby Steele, The Recoloring of Campus Life

Patricia J. Williams, The Distribution of Distress

Appendix, A Short Guide to Editing and Proofreading

Glossary of Terms

Glossary