Air Pollutants and the Respiratory Tract, Second Edition

by Foster; W. Michael

• ISBN13: 9780824723736
• ISBN10: 0824723732
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781040166840
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780824795214
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-05-12
• Publisher: CRC Press
• More Book Details

Summary

Duke Univ. School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Examines research on epidemiology to the cellular mechanisms underlying cardiopulmonary responses in air pollution. Provides a current summary of the effects of ambient air pollution on the human cardiopulmonary system. Also offers growing areas of interest. Previous edition: c1999.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Claude Lenfant	iii
Preface	v
Contributors	ix
1. Air Pollution and Health Effects: Evidence from Epidemiologic Studies	1	(20)
Annette Peters and Douglas W. Dockery
I. Introduction	1	(1)
II. What Have Epidemiologic Studies Taught Us?	2	(10)
III. Summary	12	(1)
References	12	(9)
2. Particulate Dosimetry in the Respiratory Tract	21	(54)
William D. Bennett and James S. Brown
I. Introduction	21	(1)
II. Structure of the Respiratory Tract	22	(2)
III. Particle Deposition in the RespiratoryTract	24	(17)
IV. Particle Clearance and Translocation from the Respiratory Tract	41	(14)
V. Summary	55	(2)
References	57	(18)
3. Bioavailability of Particle-Associated Air Pollutants and Relationship to Cardiopulmonary Injury	75	(60)
Urmila P. Kodavanti and William P. Watkinson
I. Introduction	75	(1)
II. Regional Composition of PM and Associated Health Outcomes	76	(5)
III. Composition and Characteristics of PM Determine Bioavailability	81	(7)
IV. Bioavailability of PM and Links to Pulmonary Injury	88	(13)
V. Bioavailability of PM and Links to Cardiovascular Effects	101	(11)
VI. Summary	112	(1)
References	113	(22)
4. Genetic Susceptibility Factors in the Cardiopulmonary Response to Air Pollution	135	(22)
Terry Gordon
I. Introduction	135	(1)
II. Classic Genetic Models	136	(10)
III. Genetically Modified Mice	146	(3)
IV. Conclusion	149	(1)
References	150	(7)
5. Air Pollutants, Epithelial Surfaces, and Lung Disease	157	(38)
Jeffrey G. Sherman, Janice L. Peake, Viviana J. Wong, and Kent E. Pinkerton
I. Introduction	157	(1)
II. Nasal Passages	158	(2)
III. Nasopharynx and Larynx	160	(1)
IV. Tracheobronchial Tree	160	(1)
V. Respiratory Bronchioles	160	(4)
VI. Lung Parenchyma	164	(1)
VII. Functions of the Epithelium	164	(2)
VIII. Epithelial Cell Metabolism	166	(3)
IX. Epithelial Surfaces, Air Pollutants, and Lung Disease	169	(13)
X. Conclusions	182	(1)
References	182	(13)
6. Irritant Agonists and Air Pollutants: Neurologically Mediated Respiratory and Cardiovascular Responses	195	(38)
Stephen H. Gavett, Marian Kollarik, and Bradley J. Undem
I. Introduction	195	(1)
II. Sensory Innervation of the Airways	196	(7)
III. CNS Integration	203	(1)
IV. Autonomic Nerves	204	(2)
V. Airway and Cardiovascular Responses Initiated by Airway Mucosal Sensory Nerves	206	(1)
VI. Neurologically Mediated Responses to Air Pollutants	207	(12)
VII. Summary	219	(1)
References	220	(13)
7. Signal Transduction and Cytokine Expression in Particulate Matter (PM)-Induced Airway Remodeling	233	(26)
Dianne M. Walters and James C. Bonner
I. Introduction	233	(3)
II. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Particle-Induced Lung Disease	236	(1)
III. Inflammation and Induction of Proinflammatory Mediators	237	(6)
IV. PM-Induced Airway Fibrotic Reactions	243	(4)
V. PM-Induced Airway Epithelial Cell Growth and Differentiation	247	(3)
VI. Summary	250	(1)
References	251	(8)
8. Chronic Exposure and Susceptibility to Oxidant Air Pollutants	259	(44)
Ira B. Tager
I. Introduction	259	(5)
II. Standards, Origin, and Sources	264	(7)
III. Health Effects Related to Chronic Exposure to Oxidant Air Pollutants	271	(3)
IV. Exposure and Deposition as Susceptibility Factors for Health Effects Related to Chronic Exposures	274	(5)
V. Evidence for Health Effects Associated with Chronic Exposure to Oxidant Air Pollutants	279	(11)
VI. Summary and Conclusions	290	(1)
References	291	(12)
9. Pulmonary Toxicity of Occupational and Environmental Exposures to Fibers and Nano-Sized Particulate	303	(26)
David B. Warheit
I. Introduction	303	(2)
II. Occupational Lung Diseases	305	(3)
III. Crystalline Silica	308	(3)
IV. Poorly Soluble Particulate Matter	311	(12)
V. Conclusions	323	(1)
References	324	(5)
10. Biological Airborne Pollutants	329	(28)
Harriet A. Burge
I. Introduction	329	(1)
II. Bioaerosol Disease Burdens	330	(1)
III. Definitions	330	(2)
IV. Overview of Diseases Related to Bioaerosol Exposure	332	(9)
V. Important Environmental Reservoirs	341	(1)
VI. Measurements	342	(1)
VII. Control	343	(1)
VIII. Conclusions	344	(1)
References	345	(12)
11. Combustion Emissions: Contribution to Air Pollution, Human Exposure and Risk to Cancer, and Related Effects	357	(48)
Joellen Lewtas
I. Introduction	357	(1)
II. Combustion Emissions: Source Characterization, Ambient Source Apportionment, and Exposure	358	(17)
III. Biomarkers of Exposure, Dose, Susceptibility, and Risk to Air Pollution and Combustion Emissions	375	(6)
IV. Summary	381	(1)
References	382	(23)
12. Air Pollution, Public Health, and Regulatory Considerations	405	(38)
Morton Lippmann
I. Historical Background	405	(1)
II. Public Perceptions of Air Pollution	406	(2)
III. Measured Impacts of Airborne Particulate Matter on Public Health	408	(14)
IV. Standards and Guidelines to Protect Ambient Air Quality	422	(5)
V. Benefits and Costs of the CAA	427	(9)
VI. Unresolved Issues	436	(3)
VII. Summary	439	(1)
References	440	(3)
Index	443