Alabama Wildlife

Alabama has an exceptionally diverse array of aquatic animal species. A unique combination of climatic and hydrologic conditions -- mild average annual temperature, abundant rainfall, and 77,000 miles of perennial and intermittent streams that flow over a complex geologic terrain -- has provided ideal and diverse environments for aquatic communities. There are more species of freshwater mussels and snails in Alabama than in any other state, and Alabama boasts one of the richest fish faunas in North America. Unfortunately, many species are now extinct, extirpated, or gravely imperiled due to dam construction, unnatural water flows, stream channelization, sedimentation, stream-bed instability, and water pollution. This volume focuses on those imperiled species of mollusks and fishes, presenting their common and scientific names, a detailed morphological description, full-color identification photographs and distribution maps, habitats used, life history and ecological information, and the basis for their high level of conservation concern. It is, in one volume, a "report card" on the health of endangered populations of aquatic species and a field guide to their identification. Book jacket.

Ralph E. Mirarchi is William R. and Fay Ireland Distinguished Professor of Wildlife Ecology and Management at Auburn University.

LIST OF FIGURES

ix

FOREWORD

1

(1)

DEDICATION

2

(1)

EDITOR'S NOTES

3

(1)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

3

(1)

PREFACE

4

(5)

FRESHWATER MUSSELS AND SNAILS

9

(149)

Introductory Comments

10

(2)

Authors

12

(1)

Freshwater Mussels

13

(20)

List of Extinct Taxa

13

(1)

List of Extirpated Taxa

14

(1)

Species Accounts: Extirpated Taxa

Pheasantshell

15

(1)

Elktoe

16

(1)

Southern Elktoe

17

(1)

Chipola Slabshell

18

(1)

Brother Spike

19

(1)

Upland Combshell

20

(1)

Catspaw

21

(1)

Southern Acornshell

22

(1)

Green Floater

23

(1)

ScaleshellMussel

24

(1)

Coosa Moccasinshell

25

(1)

Hickorynut

26

(1)

Littlewing Pearlymussel

27

(1)

Clubshell

28

(1)

Black Clubshell

29

(1)

Flat Pigtoe

30

(1)

Fluted Kidneyshell

31

(1)

Cumberland Bean

32

(1)

List of Extirpated/Conservation Action Underway Taxa

33

(1)

Species Accounts: Extirpated/Conservation Action Underway Taxa

Dromedary Pearlymussel

34

(1)

Oyster Mussel

35

(1)

Birdwing Pearlymussel

36

(1)

Cumberland Monkeyface

37

(1)

List of Priority 1 /Highest Conservation Concern Taxa

38

(1)

Species Accounts: Priority I/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa

Spectaclecase

39

(1)

Alabama Pearlshell

40

(1)

Mucket

41

(1)

Slippershell Mussel

42

(1)

Fanshell

43

(1)

Alabama Spike

44

(1)

Delicate Spike

45

(1)

Spike

46

(1)

Fluted Elephantear

47

(1)

Inflated Spike

48

(1)

Purple Bankclimber

49

(1)

Cumberland Combshell

50

(1)

Southern Combshell

51

(1)

Snuffbox

52

(1)

Shiny Pigtoe

53

(1)

Finerayed Pigtoe

54

(1)

Narrow Pigtoe

55

(1)

Round Ebonyshell

56

(1)

Longsolid

57

(1)

Cracking Pearlymussel

58

(1)

Pink Mucket

59

(1)

Southern Sandshell

60

(1)

Shinyrayed Pocketbook

61

(1)

Alabama Lampmussel

62

(1)

Slabside Pearlymussel

63

(1)

Cumberland Moccasinshell

64

(1)

Gulf Moccasinshell

65

(1)

Ring Pink

66

(1)

Round Hickorynut

67

(1)

White Wartyback

68

(1)

Orangefoot Pimpleback

69

(1)

Sheepnose

70

(1)

Painted Clubshell

71

(1)

Dark Pigtoe

72

(1)

Southern Pigtoe

73

(1)

Tennessee Clubshell

74

(1)

Ovate Clubshell

75

(1)

Rough Pigtoe

76

(1)

Oval Pigtoe

77

(1)

Pyramid Pigtoe

78

(1)

Round Pigtoe

79

(1)

Heavy Pigtoe

80

(1)

Kidneyshell

81

(1)

Triangular Kidneyshell

82

(1)

Southern Kidneyshell

83

(1)

Rabbitsfoot

84

(1)

Sculptured Pigtoe

85

(1)

Creeper

86

(1)

Southern Purple Lilliput

87

(1)

Pale Lilliput

88

(1)

Deertoe

89

(1)

List of Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa

90

(1)

Species Accounts: Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa

Rayed Creekshell

91

(1)

Tennessee Pigtoe

92

(1)

Finerayed Pocketbook

93

(1)

Orangenacre Mucket

94

(1)

Flutedshell

95

(1)

Tennessee Heelsplitter

96

(1)

Black Sandshell

97

(1)

Alabama Moccasinshell

98

(1)

Alabama Hickorynut

99

(1)

Southern Clubshell

100

(1)

FuzzyPigtoe

101

(1)

Alabama Heelsplitter

102

(6)

Choctaw Bean

103

(1)

Coosa Creekshell

104

(1)

Tapered Pigtoe

105

(1)

Alabama Creekmussel

106

(1)

Downy Rainbow

107

(1)

Common and Scientific Names of Fish Parasitized by Glochidia

108

(1)

Alabama Freshwater Mussel Watch List

109

(1)

Freshwater Snails

110

(39)

List of Extinct Taxa

110

(1)

List of Extirpated Taxa

111

(1)

Species Accounts: Extirpated Taxa

Smooth Mudalia

112

(1)

Knobby Rocksnail

113

(1)

List of Extirpated/Conservation Action Underway Taxa

114

(1)

Species Accounts: Extirpated/Conservation Action Underway Taxa

Spiny Riversnail

115

(1)

Interrupted Rocksnail

116

(1)

List of Priority I/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa

117

(1)

Species Accounts: Priority I/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa

Slender Campeloma

118

(1)

Cylindrical Lioplax

119

(1)

Tulotoma

120

(1)

Flat Pebblesnail

121

(1)

Armored Marstonia

122

(1)

Moss Pyrg

123

(1)

Anthony's Riversnail

124

(1)

Princess Elimia

125

(1)

Cockle Elimia

126

(1)

LacyElimia

127

(1)

Round-Rib Elimia

128

(1)

Engraved Elimia

129

(1)

Plicate Rocksnail

130

(1)

Corpulent Hornsnail

131

(1)

Rough Hornsnail

132

(1)

List of Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa

133

(1)

Species Accounts: Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa

Ample Elimia

134

(1)

Lilyshoals Elimia

135

(1)

Black Mudalia

136

(1)

Puzzle Elimia

137

(1)

Squat Elimia

138

(1)

Round Rocksnail

139

(1)

Spotted Rocksnail

140

(1)

Painted Rocksnail

141

(1)

Armored Rocksnail

142

(1)

Warty Rocksnail

143

(1)

Muddy Rocksnail

144

(1)

Rugged Hornsnail

145

(1)

Skirted Hornsnail

146

(1)

Alabama Freshwater Snail Watch List

147

(2)

References for Mussels and Snails

149

(9)

FISHES

Introductory Comments

158

(3)

Authors

161

(1)

Fishes

162

(77)

List of ExtinctTaxa

162

(1)

List of Extirpated Taxa

163

(1)

Species Accounts: Extirpated Taxa

Lake Sturgeon

164

(1)

Shovelnose Sturgeon

165

(1)

Shortnose Gar

166

(1)

Goldeye

167

(1)

Spotfin Chub

168

(1)

Popeye Shiner

169

(1)

Elegant Madtom

170

(1)

Ashy Darter

171

(2)

Trispot Darter

173

(1)

List of Priority 1/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa

174

(1)

Species Accounts: Priority 1/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa

Alabama Sturgeon

175

(1)

Palezone Shiner

176

(2)

CahabaShiner

178

(1)

IroncolorShiner

179

(2)

Alabama Cavefish

181

(1)

PygmySculpin

182

(2)

Spring Pygmy Sunfish

184

(2)

Slackwater Darter

186

(1)

Holiday Darter

187

(1)

Vermilion Darter

188

(1)

Brighteye Darter

189

(1)

Lollipop Darter

190

(2)

Watercress Darter

192

(1)

Rush Darter

193

(1)

Boulder Darter

194

(2)

Goldline Darter

196

(1)

Blotchside Logperch

197

(1)

Slenderhead Darter

198

(1)

Snail Darter

199

(1)

Warrior Bridled Darter

200

(1)

Halloween Darter

201

(2)

List of Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa

203

(1)

Species Accounts: Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa

Gulf Sturgeon

204

(2)

Alabama Shad

206

(1)

Blue Shiner

207

(2)

Streamline Chub

209

(1)

Shoal Chub

210

(1)

Ghost Shiner

211

(1)

Dusky Shiner

212

(1)

Suckermouth Minnow

213

(2)

Stargazing Minnow

215

(1)

Broadstripe Shiner

216

(1)

Bluenose Shiner

217

(1)

Mountain Madtom

218

(1)

Brindled Madtom

219

(1)

Frecklebelly Madtom

220

(2)

Highlands Stonecat

222

(2)

Shoal Bass

224

(1)

Locust Fork Darter

225

(1)

Sipsey Darter

226

(1)

Bluebreast Darter

227

(1)

Lipstick Darter

228

(1)

Coldwater Darter

229

(1)

Tuscumbia Darter

230

(1)

Bandfin Darter

231

(2)

Blueface Darter

233

(1)

Coal Darter

234

(1)

Gilt Darter

235

(2)

Common and Scientific Names of Plants and Vertebrate Animals Mentioned in Fish Accounts

237

(1)

Alabama Fishes Watch List

238

(1)

References for Fishes

239

(10)

GLOSSARY

249

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