Alternative Sentencing, Intermediate Sanctions and Probation

by Klein, Andrew R.

• ISBN13: 9780870844867
• ISBN10: 0870844865
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-01-01
• Publisher: Anderson Pub Co

Table of Contents

Foreword	iii
Preface	vii
Acknowledgments	xi
Sentencing and Justice in America	1	(18)
Sentencing Criminals in America	1	(9)
Targeting Minorities	1	(3)
The Continuing Love Affair with Prisons	4	(3)
The Rise of Determine Sentencing	7	(2)
The Introduction of Community Corrections Acts	9	(1)
Making Probation an Alternative Sentence	10	(9)
Sentencing Criminals	19	(48)
The Process of Criminal Sentencing	19	(7)
Plea Bargaining	21	(5)
Probation Presentence Investigation Reports	26	(3)
---Federal Presentence Reports	29	(3)
---State Presentence Reports	32	(3)
---Private Presentence Reports	35	(2)
Common Information Used in Sentencing	37	(1)
---Predicting Offender Risk and Danger	37	(11)
---Assessing the Victim	48	(6)
Impact of Victim Rights Laws in Sentencing	53	(1)
The Sentencing Hearing	54	(13)
Defendant Allocution	54	(1)
Victim Allocution	55	(1)
Other Dispositional Witnesses	55	(1)
Defense and Prosecution Arguments in Sentencing	56	(11)
Probation and Alternative Sentencing	67	(32)
Probation, the Original Alternative Sentence	67	(10)
Probationary Conditions	77	(1)
---Statutory Conditions	77	(3)
Discretionary Conditions	80	(8)
Conditions Must be Reasonably Related to the Crime	80	(2)
Conditions Must be Doable	82	(1)
Conditions Must Not Overly Restrict Constitutional Rights	83	(4)
Conditions Must be Consistent with Public Policy	87	(1)
Conditions Must Not Usurp Legislative Role	87	(1)
---Imposing Probationary Conditions	88	(3)
---Modifying Conditions of Probation	91	(8)
Examples of Alternative Sentences	99	(52)
Introduction	99	(1)
Homicide Alternative Sentences	100	(4)
---Analysis of Homicide Alternative Sentences	104	(4)
Alternative Sentencing: Reparative Components	105	(1)
Alternative Sentencing: Rehabilitative Components	106	(1)
Alternative Sentencing: Incapacitative Components	106	(2)
Sexual Assault Alternative Sentences	108	(4)
---Analysis of Sexual Assault Alternative Sentences	112	(2)
Assault and Battery Alternative Sentences	114	(3)
---Analysis of Assault and Battery Alternative Sentences	117	(1)
Arson Alternative Sentences	118	(2)
---Analysis of Arson Alternative Sentences	120	(1)
Robbery, Burglary and Theft Alternative Sentences	121	(4)
---Analysis of Robbery, Burglary and Theft Alternative Sentences	125	(1)
Drug Offenses and Drunk Driving Alternative Sentences	126	(5)
---Analysis of Drug Offenses and Drunk Driving Alternative Sentences	131	(1)
Miscellaneous White-Collar Crime Alternative Sentences	132	(2)
---Analysis of Miscellaneous White-Collar Crime Alternative Sentences	134	(2)
High-Risk, Chronic Offender Alternative Sentences	136	(3)
---Analysis of High-Risk, Chronic Offender Alternative Sentences	139	(1)
Fashioning Alternative Sentences	140	(11)
Consideration of the Offender	142	(2)
Consideration of the Offense	144	(1)
Consideration of the Victim	144	(1)
Consideration of the Community	145	(1)
Consideration of the Court Environment	146	(5)
Victims, Restitution and Alternative Sentences	151	(44)
Victim Involvement in Sentencing	151	(1)
---The Historic Role of the Victim in Criminal Justice	152	(4)
---The Rise of Restitution	156	(2)
---Victim/Offender Mediation	158	(2)
---Restitution and the Criminal Justice System Today	160	(3)
Restitution Law: Federal	163	(6)
Restitution Law: State	169	(9)
Restitution Collection and Practice	178	(5)
Summary	183	(12)
Community Work Service and Alternative Sentences	195	(18)
Introduction to Community Work Service	195	(2)
Development of Community Work Service	197	(3)
Community Work Service Law	200	(2)
Insurance and Liability	202	(2)
Community Work Service in Practice	204	(4)
Examples of Creative Community Work Service Programs and Placements	204	(1)
Determining Community Work Service Orders	205	(2)
Placements	207	(1)
Monitoring and Enforcing Orders	207	(1)
Summary	208	(5)
Monetary Sactions Other than Restitution and Alternative Sentences	213	(22)
Introduction	213	(2)
Current Use of Monetary Sanctions	215	(2)
Monetary Sanction Laws	217	(5)
Fines	217	(1)
Costs and Fees	217	(2)
Forfeitures	219	(1)
Charitable Donations	220	(1)
Child Support	221	(1)
Bonds	222	(1)
Monetary Sanction Payment	222	(8)
Day Fines	222	(3)
Money Collection	225	(2)
Punishing Nonpayers	227	(2)
Example of Court Enforcement of Monetary Order	229	(1)
Summary	230	(5)
Mandatory Treatment and Alternative Sentencing	235	(52)
Introduction	235	(6)
Diagnosis	241	(4)
Treatment	245	(15)
Sex Offenders	247	(6)
Drunk Drivers	253	(2)
Perpetrators of Domestic Violence	255	(5)
Mandatory Treatment Laws	260	(3)
Enforcing Mandatory Treatment	263	(10)
---Alcohol and Drug Testing	273	(4)
Example of Probation Department Drug Testing Program	276	(1)
Summary	277	(10)
Incapacitation and Alternative Sentences	287	(24)
Introduction	287	(1)
House Arrest/Electronic Monitoring	288	(5)
Example: Florida Community Control Program	290	(1)
Electronic Monitoring Lawsuits	291	(2)
Intensive Supervision	293	(5)
Results of Intensive Supervision Research	295	(1)
Combining Intensity and Treatment	296	(1)
Day Reporting Centers	297	(1)
Intermediate Sanctions, Incarceration Without Jail	298	(1)
Alternative Uses of Incarceration	299	(5)
Partial Commitments	301	(1)
Incarceration as a Condition of Probation	301	(1)
Shock Probation	301	(1)
Commitment to a Diagnostic Facility	302	(1)
Intermittent Sentences	302	(1)
Boot Camps	303	(1)
Summary	304	(7)
Enforcing Alternative Sentences	311	(40)
Introduction	311	(1)
Monitoring Alternative Sentences and Intermediate Sanctions	312	(1)
Contracting Conditions	313	(1)
The Role of Probation/Parole Officers	314	(4)
Power of Arrest	314	(1)
Power to Require Reporting	315	(3)
Power to Search	318	(1)
Revoking Probation or Parole	318	(8)
Notice	320	(1)
Counsel	321	(1)
Hearing	321	(1)
Discovery	322	(1)
Timeliness	322	(3)
Written Findings	325	(1)
The Judge	325	(1)
Evidence of Violation	326	(4)
New Criminal Conduct	328	(2)
Sentencing Revocations	330	(7)
Credit	333	(4)
Current Practice	337	(14)
Examples of Revocations	337	(2)
Probation/Parole Revocation and Prison Commitments	339	(12)
Evaluating Alternative Sentences	351	(20)
Introduction	351	(1)
Does Victim Satisfaction Increase?	351	(3)
Will Offenders Complete Community Work Service and Other Affirmative Orders?	354	(1)
Will Alternative Sentences Prevent Recidivism?	354	(3)
Will the Community and Judges Accept Alternative Sentences?	357	(4)
The Future of Alternative Sentences, Intermediate Sanctions and Probation	361	(10)
Alternative Sentencing Checklists	371	(14)
Fashioning Alternative Sentences	371	(3)
Considering the Offender	371	(1)
Considering the Offence	372	(1)
Considering the Victim	372	(1)
Considering the Community	373	(1)
Considering the Court	373	(1)
Considering Victim Involvement and Restitution	374	(3)
Involving the Victim	374	(1)
Restitution	375	(2)
Considering Community Work Service	377	(1)
Considering Monetary Orders	378	(1)
Considering Mandatory Treatment	378	(2)
Considering Incapactation	380	(1)
Incapacitation Without Jail	380	(1)
Non-Traditional Uses of Incarceration	381	(1)
Considering Enforcement of Alternative Sentences	381	(4)
Monitoring Alternative Sentences	382	(1)
Revoking Probation	382	(1)
Sentencing Violators	383	(1)
Evaluating Alternative Sentences	383	(2)
Bibliography	385	(14)
Table of Statutes	399	(6)
Table of Cases	405	(20)
Index	425