Alternatives for Landmine Detection

Analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of new technologies in landmine detection and offers solutions for improving and speeding up the process.

Preface

iii

Figures

ix

Tables

xiii

Summary

xv

Abbreviations

xxv

Chapter One INTRODUCTION

1

(14)

Magnitude of the Antipersonnel Mine Problem

2

(1)

Design of Antipersonnel Mines

3

(3)

Limitations of the Conventional Mine

Detection Process

6

(9)

Chapter Two INNOVATIVE MINE DETECTION SYSTEMS

15

(34)

Method for Evaluating Innovative Mine Detection Systems

15

(3)

Innovative Electromagnetic Detection Systems

18

(8)

Ground-Penetrating Radar

18

(4)

Electrical Impedance Tomography

22

(1)

X-Ray Backscatter

23

(1)

Infrared/Hyperspectral Systems

24

(2)

Acoustic/Seismic Systems

26

(3)

Explosive Vapor Detection Techniques

29

(11)

Biological Methods

30

(7)

Chemical Methods

37

(3)

Bulk Explosive Detection Techniques

40

(4)

Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance

40

(2)

Neutron Methods

42

(2)

Innovative Prodders and Probes

44

(2)

Advanced Signal Processing and Signature Modeling

46

(3)

Chapter Three MULTISENSOR SYSTEM TO IMPROVE MINE DETECTION CAPABILITY

49

(26)

Key Design Considerations

51

(3)

Potential for a Multisensor System to Increase Mine Clearance Rate

54

(2)

Current U.S. R&D Investment in Mine Detection Technologies

56

(4)

Recommended Program for Producing an Advanced Multisensor System

60

(1)

Cost of Developing a Multisensor System

61

(3)

Summary of Recommendations

64

(1)

References

65

(6)

Author and Task Force Biographies

71

(4)

Appendix

A. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (PAPER I)

Yoga Das

75

(10)

B. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (PAPER II)

Lloyd S. Riggs

85

(8)

C. INFRARED /HYPERSPECTRAL METHODS (PAPER I)

Brian Baertlein

93

(18)

D. INFRARED /HYPERSPECTRAL METHODS (PAPER II)

John G. Ackenhusen

111

(16)

E. GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR (PAPER I)

Lawrence Carin

127

(6)

F. GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR (PAPER II)

James Ralston, Anne Andrews, Frank Rotondo, and Michael Tuley

133

(16)

G. ACOUSTIC/SEISMIC METHODS (PAPER I)

James Sabatier

149

(6)

H. ACOUSTIC/SEISMIC METHODS (PAPER II)

Dimitri M. Donskoy

155

(6)

I. ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY

Philip Church

161

(8)

J. NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE (PAPER I)

Andrew D. Hibbs

169

(10)

K. NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE (PAPER II)

Allen N. Garroway

179

(12)

L. X-RAY BACKSCATTER (PAPER I)

Lee Grodzins

191

(14)

M. X-RAY BACKSCATTER (PAPER II)

Alan Jacobs and Edward Dugan

205

(20)

N. NEUTRON TECHNOLOGIES (PAPER I)

John E. McFee

225

(14)

0. NEUTRON TECHNOLOGIES (PAPER II)

David A. Sparrow

239

(6)

P. ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS (PAPER I)

Timothy M. Swager

245

(10)

Q. ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS (PAPER II)

Thomas F. Jenkins, Alan D. Hewitt, and Thomas A. Ranney

255

(10)

R. BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (PAPER I)

Robert S. Burlage

265

(8)

S. BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (PAPER II)

Jerry J. Bromenshenk, Colin B. Henderson, and Garon C. Smith

273

(12)

T. CANINE-ASSISTED DETECTION

Havard Bach and James Phelan

285

(16)

U. SIGNAL-PROCESSING AND SENSOR FUSION METHODS (PAPER I)

Leslie Collins

301

(10)

V. SIGNAL-PROCESSING AND SENSOR FUSION METHODS (PAPER II)

Paul Gader

311

(16)

W. CONTACT METHODS

Kevin Russell

327

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