Amazonian Deforestation and Climate

by Gash, Jonathan; Nobre, C. A.; Roberts, J. M.; Victoria, Reynaldo L.

• ISBN13: 9780471967347
• ISBN10: 0471967343
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-06-01
• Publisher: John Wiley & Son Ltd

Summary

Amazonian Deforestation and Climate Edited by J. H. C. Gash Institute of Hydrology, UK C. A. Nobre Centro de Provisao de Tempo Estudos e Climáticos, Brazil J. M. Roberts Institute of Hydrology, UK R. L. Victoria Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Brazil Amazonian Deforestation and Climate describes the results from ABRACOS, the Anglo-Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study. ABRACOS was a major collaboration between British and Brazilian scientists with the objective of quantifying the changes to the water and carbon cycles and the interaction between the soil, vegetation and atmosphere, which occur when the primary rainforest is removed and replaced with cattle ranchland. The book describes the carefully made measurements in the pasture and rainforest at a series of sites across Amazonia. The data are analysed and interpreted to allow them to be used as the basis of accurate and realistic descriptions of the land surface in the Global Circulation Models which are used to predict the climate effects of large scale deforestation. Results are presented at all scales: for the centimetre scale of leaf and soil moisture measurements, the field scale of micrometeorological flux measurements, through to the scale of meteorological models which predict the climate of the whole Amazonian Basin. This book will provide a wealth of information to all those interested in the environmental effects of Amazonian deforestation and how that deforestation will affect the climatology, hydrology and ecology of the region.

Table of Contents

List of contributors	ix	(6)
Foreword	xv	(2)
Preface	xvii	(1)
Acknowledgements	xvii
1 An overview of ABRACOS	1	(14)
J.H.C. GASH
C.A. Nobre
J.M. Roberts
R.L. Victoria
2 Predicting the hydrological impacts of land cover transformation in the humid tropics: the need for integrated research	15	(42)
L.A. Bruijnzeel
3 Comparisons of long-term soil water storage behaviour under pasture and forest in three areas of Amazonia	57	(22)
M.G. Hodnett
M.D. Oyama
J. Tomasella
A. de O. Marques Filho
4 Deep soil water uptake by forest and pasture in central Amazonia: predictions from long-term daily rainfall data using a simple water balance model	79	(22)
M.G. Hodnett
J. Tomasella
A. de O. Marques Filho
M.D. Oyama
5 Soil hydraulic properties and van Genuchten parameters for an oxisol under pasture in central Amazonia	101	(24)
J. Tomasella
M.G. Hodnett
6 Temperature and moisture profiles in soil beneath forest and pasture areas in eastern Amazonia	125	(14)
J.R.S. de Souza
F.M.A. Pinheiro
R.L.C. de Araujo
H.S. Pinherio Jr
M.G. Hodnett
7 Thermal diffusivity of Amazonian soils	139	(12)
R.C.S. Alvala
R. Gielow
I.R. Wright
M.G. Hodnett
8 Observation and modelling of rainfall interception loss in two experimental sites in Amazonian forest	151	(12)
V.N. Ubarana
9 The isotopic composition of atmospheric water vapour inside a canopy in Amazonian forest: vertical and diurnal variation	163	(12)
A. Ribeiro
R.L. Victoria
L.A. Martinelli
M.Z. Moreiro
J.M. Roberts
10 Radiation, temperature and humidity over forest and pasture in Amazonia	175	(18)
A.D. Culf
J.L. Esteves
A. de O. Marques Filho
H.R. da Rocha
11 The climate of a riverside city in the Amazon basin: urban-rural differences in temperature and humidity	193	(14)
G.T. Maitelli
I.R. Wright
12 In-canopy microclimate of Amazonian forest and estimates of transpiration	207	(14)
O.M.R. Cabral
A.-L.C. William
J.M. Roberts
13 Biomass production and accumulation in nutrient-limited rainforests: implications for responses to global change	221	(20)
E. Medina
E. Cuevas
14 Forest and pasture conductances in southern Para, Amazonia	241	(24)
T.D. de A. Sa
J. de P.R. da Costa
J.M. Roberts
15 Forest and pasture leaf-gas exchange in south-west Amazonia	265	(22)
A.-L.C. McWilliam
O.M.R. Cabral
B.M. Gomes
J.L. Esteves
J.M. Roberts
16 An overview of the leaf area index and physiological measurements during ABRACOS	287	(20)
J.M. Roberts
O.M.R. Cabral
J.P. da Costa
A.-L.C. McWilliam
T.D. de A. Sa
17 Carbon dioxide flux over Amazon rainforest in Rondonia	307	(12)
J. Grace
J. Lloyd
J. McIntyre
A.C. Miranda
P. Meir
H.S. Miranda
18 Soil respiration in a rainforest in Amozonia and in cerrado in central Brazil	319	(12)
P. Meir
J. Grace
A.C. Miranda
J. Lloyd
19 Sources and sinks of CO2 in Rondonia tropical rainforest	331	(22)
B. Kruijt
J. Lloyd
J. Grace
J.A. McIntyre
G.D. Farquhar
A.C. Miranda
P. McCracken
20 Carbon dixoide fluxes over a cerrado sensu stricto in central Brazil	353	(12)
A.C. Miranda
H.S. Miranda
J. Lloyd
J. Grace
J.A. McIntyre
P. Meir
P. Riggan
R. Lockwood
J. Brass
21 Estimation of the leaf area index and total biomass of tropical regenerating forests: comparison of methodologies	365	(18)
M. Honzak
R.M. Lucas
I. do Amaral
P.J. Curran
G.M. Foody
S. Amaral
22 Disturbance and recovery of tropical forests: balancing the carbon account	383	(16)
R.M. Lucas
P.J. Curran
M. Honzak
G.M. Foody
I. do Amaral
S. Amaral
23 Advances in land surface parameterisations for GCMs	399	(14)
R.E. Dickinson
24 Observations of the atmospheric boundary layer in Rondonia	413	(12)
C.A. Nobre
G. Fisch
H.R. da Rocha
R.F. da F. Lyra
E.P. da Rocha
A.C.L. da Costa
V.N. Ubarana
25 Modelling convective boundary layer growth in Rondonia	425	(12)
G. Fisch
A.D. Culf
C.A. Nobre
26 Modelling convective boundary layer growth in Rondania	437	(22)
I.R. Wright
J.H.C. Gash
H.R. da Rocha
J.M. Roberts
27 Calibration and use of the SiB2 model to estimate water vapour and carbon exchange at the ABRACOS forest sites	459	(14)
H.R. da Rocha
P.J. Sellers
G.J. Collatz
I.R. Wright
J. Grace
28 Towards a GCM surface parameterisation for Amazonia	473	(32)
I.R. Wright
C.A. Nobre
J. Tomasella
H.R. da Rocha
J.M. Roberts
E. Vertamatti
A.D. Culf
R.C.S. Alvala
M.G. Hodnett
V.N. Ubarana
29 Calibration of a GCM using ABRACOS and ARME data and simulation of Amazonian deforestation	505	(26)
O. Manzi
S. Planton
30 Simulation of mesoscale circulations in a deforested area of Rondonia in the dry season	531	(18)
M.A.F.S. Dias
P. Regnier
31 The simulated impact of Amazonian deforestation on climate using measured ABRACOS vegetation characteristics	549	(28)
J. Lean
C.B. Bunton
C.A. Nobre
P.R. Rowntree
32 The conclusions from ABRACOS	577	(20)
C.A. Nobre
J.H.C. Gash
J.M. Roberts
R.L. Victoria
Index	597