American Civil Liberties

by Stephens, Jr., Otis H.; Scheb, II, John M.

• ISBN13: 9780534549541
• ISBN10: 0534549543
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-09-28
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Intended for the second semester of constitutional law course, often called Civil Liberties, a standard offering in all four-year political science departments. It is taken by pre-law students as well as many political science majors (and non-majors). This book is not merely a casebook but a comprehensive textbook that caters to the undergraduate constitutional law student.

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Part 2 Civil Rights and Liberties	331
Constitutional Sources of Civil Rights and Liberties	332	(44)
Introduction	332	(1)
Rights Recognized in the Original Constitution	333	(4)
The Bill of Rights	337	(8)
The Fourteenth Amendment	345	(6)
Amendments Protecting Voting Rights	351	(2)
Standards of Review in Civil Rights and Liberties Cases	353	(2)
The Importance of State Constitutions	355	(1)
Conclusion	356	(1)
Key Terms	356	(1)
For Further Reading	356	(1)
Internet Resources	357	(19)
DeShaney v. Winnebago Social Services (1989)	357	(2)
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)	359	(1)
Hurtado v. California (1884)	360	(3)
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Company v. Chicago (1897)	363	(1)
Palko v. Connecticut (1937)	364	(1)
Adamson v. California (1947)	365	(4)
Rochin v. California (1952)	369	(3)
Duncan v. Louisiana (1968)	372	(4)
Property Rights and Economic Freedom	376	(54)
Introduction	376	(2)
The Contract Clause	378	(4)
The Rise and Fall of Economic Due Process	382	(11)
Equal Protection and Economic Regulation	393	(1)
Property Rights and the ``Takings'' Issue	393	(4)
Conclusion	397	(1)
Key Terms	398	(1)
For Further Reading	398	(1)
Internet Resources	399	(31)
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)	399	(2)
Charles River Bridge Company v. Warren Bridge Company (1837)	401	(3)
Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934)	404	(3)
The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)	407	(4)
Lochner v. New York (1905)	411	(4)
Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923)	415	(5)
West Coast Hotel Company v. Parrish (1937)	420	(3)
Ferguson v. Skrupa (1963)	423	(1)
Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff (1984)	424	(2)
Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994)	426	(4)
Expressive Freedom and the First Amendment	430	(91)
Introduction	430	(1)
Interpretive Foundations of Expressive Freedom	430	(3)
The Prohibition of Prior Restraint	433	(3)
The Clear and Present Danger Doctrine	436	(5)
Fighting Words, Hate Speech, and Profanity	441	(3)
Symbolic Speech and Expressive Conduct	444	(4)
Defamation	448	(3)
The Intractable Obscenity Problem	451	(3)
Expressive Activities in the Public Forum	454	(6)
Electronic Media and the First Amendment	460	(2)
Commercial Speech	462	(2)
Rights of Public Employees and Beneficiaries	464	(2)
Freedom of Association	466	(2)
Conclusion	468	(1)
Key Terms	469	(1)
For Further Reading	469	(1)
Internet Resources	469	(52)
Near v. Minnesota (1931)	470	(3)
New York Times Company v. United States (1971)	473	(4)
Schenck v. United States (1919)	477	(1)
Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)	478	(2)
Cohen v. California (1971)	480	(3)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)	483	(4)
Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc. (1991)	487	(3)
New York Times Company v. Sullivan (1964)	490	(3)
Miller v. California (1973)	493	(3)
Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation (1978)	496	(4)
Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union (1997)	500	(3)
Edwards v. South Carolina (1963)	503	(2)
Adderley v. Florida (1966)	505	(3)
44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island (1996)	508	(4)
National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley (1998)	512	(3)
Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston (1995)	515	(6)
Religious Liberty and Church-State Relations	521	(65)
Introduction	521	(3)
Religious Belief and the Right to Proselytize	524	(1)
Unconventional Religious Practices	525	(4)
Patriotic Rituals and Civic Duties	529	(2)
Freedom of Religion versus Parens Patriae	531	(1)
The Wall of Separation	532	(2)
Religion and Public Education	534	(6)
Governmental Affirmations of Religious Belief	540	(1)
The Problem of Tax Exemptions	541	(3)
Conclusion	544	(1)
Key Terms	544	(1)
For Further Reading	544	(1)
Internet Resources	545	(41)
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)	545	(3)
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)	548	(5)
Employment Division v. Smith (1990)	553	(5)
Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah (1993)	558	(4)
Everson v. Board of Education (1947)	562	(2)
Abington School District v. Schempp (1963)	564	(3)
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)	567	(3)
Edwards v. Aquillard (1987)	570	(3)
Agostini v. Felton (1997)	573	(3)
Marsh v. Chambers (1983)	576	(3)
Lynch v. Donnelly (1984)	579	(4)
Walz v. Tax Commission (1970)	583	(3)
The Constitution and Criminal Justice	586	(89)
Introduction	586	(1)
Search and Seizure	587	(7)
The Exclusionary Rule	594	(4)
Arrest	598	(1)
Police Interrogation and Confessions of Guilt	599	(4)
The Right to Counsel	603	(3)
Bail and Pretrial Detention	606	(1)
Plea Bargaining	607	(2)
Trial by Jury	609	(4)
The Protection Against Double Jeopardy	613	(2)
Incarceration and the Rights of Prisoners	615	(2)
The Death Penalty	617	(4)
Appeal and Postconviction Relief	621	(4)
Juvenile Justice	625	(1)
Conclusion	626	(1)
Key Terms	627	(1)
For Further Reading	627	(1)
Internet Resources	628	(47)
Olmstead v. United States (1928)	628	(3)
Katz v. United States (1967)	631	(2)
Weeks v. United States (1914)	633	(2)
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)	635	(4)
United States v. Leon (1984)	639	(5)
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)	644	(3)
New York v. Quarles (1984)	647	(4)
Powell v. Alabama (1932)	651	(3)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)	654	(2)
Batson v. Kentucky (1986)	656	(5)
Kansas v. Hendricks (1997)	661	(4)
Furman v. Georgia (1972)	665	(5)
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)	670	(1)
Payne v. Tennessee (1991)	671	(4)
Personal Autonomy and the Constitutional Right of Privacy	675	(62)
Introduction	675	(2)
Constitutional Foundations of the Right of Privacy	677	(2)
Procreation and Birth Control	679	(3)
The Abortion Controversy	682	(8)
The Right of Privacy and Living Arrangements	690	(1)
Privacy and Gay Rights	691	(2)
Other Applications of the Right of Privacy	693	(1)
A Right to Die?	694	(3)
Conclusion	697	(1)
Key Terms	698	(1)
For Further Reading	698	(1)
Internet Resources	699	(38)
Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905)	699	(2)
Meyer v. Nebraska (1923)	701	(1)
Buck v. Bell (1927)	702	(1)
Poe v. Ullman (1961)	703	(6)
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)	709	(5)
Roe v. Wade (1973)	714	(5)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)	719	(8)
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)	727	(4)
Washington v. Glucksberg (1997)	731	(6)
Equal Protection and the Antidiscrimination Principle	737	(79)
Introduction	737	(1)
Levels of Judicial Scrutiny in Equal Protection Cases	738	(3)
The Struggle for Racial Equity	741	(8)
The Affirmative Action Controversy	749	(6)
Gender-Based Discrimination	755	(7)
Other Forms of Discrimination	762	(6)
The Ongoing Problem of Private Discrimination	768	(3)
Conclusion	771	(1)
Key Terms	771	(1)
For Further Reading	772	(1)
Internet Resources	772	(44)
The Civil Rights Cases (1883)	773	(3)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)	776	(3)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka I (1954)	779	(2)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka II (1955)	781	(2)
Loving v. Virginia (1967)	783	(2)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)	785	(3)
Missouri v. Jenkins (1995)	788	(5)
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena (1995)	793	(6)
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)	799	(3)
United States v. Virginia (1996)	802	(9)
Romer v. Evans (1996)	811	(5)
Elections, Representation, and Voting Rights	816
Introduction	816	(2)
Racial Discrimination in Voting Rights	818	(9)
The Reapportionment Decisions	827	(4)
Political Parties and Electoral Fairness	831	(1)
The Problem of Campaign Finance	832	(1)
Conclusion	833	(1)
Key Terms	834	(1)
For Further Reading	834	(1)
Internet Resources	835
Smith v. Allwright (1944)	835	(2)
Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1960)	837	(2)
Mobile v. Bolden (1980)	839	(3)
Rogers v. Lodge (1982)	842	(5)
Shaw v. Hunt (1996)	847	(8)
Reynolds v. Sins (1964)	855	(3)
Karcher v. Daggett (1983)	858
Appendix A The Constitution of the United States of America	A-1
Appendix B Chronology of Justices of the United States Supreme Court	B-1
Appendix C Supreme Court Justices by Appointing President, State Appointed From, and Political Party	C-1
Appendix D Glossary	D-1
Table of Cases	T-1
Index	I-1