William E. Hudson is professor of political science and director of the public administration program at Providence College

Tables and Figures

xi

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xvii

Introduction: Models of Democracy

1

(24)

Precursors to Modern Democratic Theory,

3

(5)

Protective Democracy,

8

(2)

Developmental Democracy,

10

(2)

Pluralist Democracy,

12

(4)

Participatory Democracy,

16

(2)

The Models Compared,

18

(4)

Suggestions for Further Reading,

22

(3)

1. The First Challenge: Separation of Powers

25

(38)

The Founders' Work,

26

(3)

The Jeffersonian Model,

29

(3)

The Separation of Powers and Democratic Values,

32

(14)

The Parliamentary Alternative,

46

(9)

Meeting the Challenge: Bridging the Separation of Powers,

55

(3)

Thought Questions,

58

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading,

59

(2)

Selected Web Sites,

61

(2)

2. The Second Challenge: The Imperial Judiciary

63

(38)

The Least Democratic Branch,

67

(2)

A Brief History of Judicial Review,

69

(8)

Two Cases of Judicial Usurpation,

77

(6)

Can Judicial Review Be Made Consistent with Democracy?

83

(8)

The Judicialization of American Politics as a Challenge to Democracy,

91

(4)

Meeting the Challenge: Revitalize American Democracy,

95

(2)

Thought Questions,

97

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading,

98

(1)

Selected Web Sites,

99

(2)

3. The Third Challenge: Radical Individualism

101

(36)

Sources of American Individualism,

103

(4)

American "Habits of the Heart,"

107

(5)

The Flaws of Libertarianism,

112

(10)

Our Pathological Politics of Rights and Interests,

122

(7)

Meeting the Challenge: Forging a More Communitarian Spirit after 9/11,

129

(4)

Thought Questions,

133

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading,

133

(2)

Selected Web Sites,

135

(2)

4. The Fourth Challenge: Citizen Participation

137

(32)

Citizen Participation and Democratic Theory,

138

(3)

Citizen Participation in the United States,

141

(16)

Participation as a Challenge to Democracy,

157

(5)

Meeting the Challenge: More, Not Less, Participation,

162

(3)

Thought Questions,

165

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading,

166

(1)

Selected Web Sites,

167

(2)

5. The Fifth Challenge: Trivialized Elections

169

(42)

Equal Representation,

171

(20)

Deliberation,

191

(8)

Control,

199

(4)

Meeting the Challenge: Reform Electoral Institutions, Promote Democratic Deliberation,

203

(4)

Thought Questions,

207

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading,

207

(2)

Selected Web Sites,

209

(2)

6. The Sixth Challenge: The "Privileged Position" of Business

211

(38)

American Politics as Pluralist Heaven,

212

(3)

Business: The "Privileged" Group,

215

(14)

Why Business Privilege Is a Threat to Democracy,

229

(8)

Objections to the Privileged-Position-of-Business Thesis,

237

(5)

Meeting the Challenge: Democratic Action to Reduce Business Privilege,

242

(4)

Thought Questions,

246

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading,

246

(1)

Selected Web Sites,

247

(2)

7. The Seventh Challenge: Inequality

249

(40)

Equality and Democratic Theory,

252

(6)

The End of the American Dream?

258

(14)

The Persistence of Racial Inequality,

272

(8)

Inequality and Democracy,

280

(1)

Meeting the Challenge: Policies to Promote Equality,

281

(4)

Thought Questions,

285

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading,

286

(1)

Selected Web Sites,

287

(2)

8. The Eighth Challenge: The National Security State

289

(48)

A Brief History of the National Security State,

291

(9)

Secrecy,

300

(6)

Centralization,

306

(7)

Repression,

313

(7)

Distortion,

320

(8)

Meeting the Challenge: Reform to Achieve True Security,

328

(5)

Thought Questions,

333

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading,

333

(2)

Selected Web Sites,

335

(2)

Notes

337

(34)

Index

371

(18)

About the Author

389

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