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Mark C. Carnes
Mark C. Carnes received his undergraduate degree from Harvard and his Ph.D in history from Columbia University. He has chaired both the history and American studies departments at Barnard College and Columbia University, where he serves as the Ann Whitney Olin professor of history. He is also the general editor of the American National Biography, whose 27th volume will appear in 2011. Carnes has published numerous books on American social and cultural history, including Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America (1989), Past Imperfect: History According to the Movies (1995), Novel History: Historians and Novelists Confront America’s Past (2001) and Invisible Giants: 50 Americans That Shaped the Nation but Missed the History Books (2002). Carnes also pioneered the Reacting to the Past pedagogy, which won the Theodore Hesburgh Award as the top outstanding pedagogical innovation in the nation (2004). In Reacting to the Past, college students play elaborate games, set in the past, their roles informed by classic texts. (For more on Reacting, see: www.barnard.edu/reacting.) In 2005 the American Historical Association named Carnes the recipient of the William Gilbert Prize for the best article on teaching history. His Mind Games: Rethinking Higher Education will be published in 2012.
John A. Garraty
John A. Garraty held a Ph.D from Columbia University and an L.H.D. from Michigan State University. He was the Gouverneur Morris professor emeritus of history at Columbia. He was also the author, co-author and editor of scores of books and articles, among them biographies of Silas Wright, Henry Cabot Lodge, Woodrow Wilson, George W. Perkins and Theodore Roosevelt. With Carnes, he co-edited the American National Biography. Garraty also contributed a volume – The New Commonwealth – to the New American Nation series and published a pioneering comparative study of the Great Depression.
Maps and Graphs | p. xii |
Features | p. xiv |
American Lives | |
Re-Viewing the Past | |
Preface | p. xv |
Supplements for Instructors and Students | p. xviii |
Acknowledgments | p. xxii |
About the Authors | p. xxiv |
Prologue: Beginnings | p. 1 |
First Peoples | p. 1 |
The Demise of the Big Mammals | p. 2 |
The Archaic Period: Surviving without Big Mammals | p. 2 |
The Maize Revolution | p. 4 |
The Diffusion of Corn | p. 5 |
Population Growth after AD 800 | p. 6 |
Cahokia: The Hub of Mississippian Culture | p. 7 |
The Collapse of Urban Centers | p. 8 |
Eurasia and Africa | p. 9 |
Europe in Ferment | p. 11 |
Alien Encounters: Europe in the Americas | p. 14 |
Columbus's Great Triumph-and Error | p. 15 |
Spain's American Empire | p. 17 |
Extending Spain's Empire to the North | p. 19 |
Disease and Population Losses | p. 20 |
Ecological Imperialism | p. 21 |
Spain's European Rivals | p. 24 |
The Protestant Reformation | p. 24 |
English Beginnings in America | p. 25 |
The Settlement of Virginia | p. 27 |
ôPurifyingö the Church of England | p. 30 |
Bradford and Plymouth Colony | p. 31 |
Winthrop and Massachusetts Bay Colony | p. 32 |
Troublemakers: Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson | p. 34 |
Other New England Colonies | p. 35 |
Pequot War and King Philip's War | p. 36 |
Maryland and the Carolinas | p. 37 |
French and Dutch Settlements | p. 38 |
The Middle Colonies | p. 39 |
Cultural Collisions | p. 40 |
Cultural Fusions | p. 44 |
American Society in the Making | p. 48 |
Settlement of New France | p. 49 |
Society in New Mexico, Texas, and California | p. 49 |
The English Prevail on the Atlantic Seaboard | p. 52 |
The Chesapeake Colonies | p. 53 |
The Lure of Land | p. 54 |
ôSolvingö the Labor Shortage: Slavery | p. 55 |
Prosperity in a Pipe: Tobacco | p. 57 |
Bacon's Rebellion | p. 59 |
The Carolinas | p. 60 |
Home and Family in the South | p. 61 |
Georgia and the Back Country | p. 62 |
Puritan New England | p. 63 |
Democracies without Democrats | p. 65 |
The Dominion of New England | p. 66 |
Salem Bewitched | p. 66 |
A Merchant's World | p. 68 |
The Middle Colonies: Economic Basis | p. 70 |
The Middle Colonies: An Intermingling of Peoples | p. 71 |
ôThe Best Poor Man's Countryö | p. 73 |
The Politics of Diversity | p. 73 |
Becoming Americans | p. 77 |
America in the British Empire | p. 79 |
The British Colonial System | p. 80 |
Mercantilism | p. 81 |
The Navigation Acts | p. 82 |
The Effects of Mercantilism | p. 83 |
The Great Awakening | p. 85 |
The Rise and Fall of Jonathan Edwards | p. 87 |
The Enlightenment in America | p. 88 |
Colonial Scientific Achievements | p. 89 |
Repercussions of Distant Wars | p. 90 |
The Great War for the Empire | p. 91 |
Britain Victorious: The Peace of Paris | p. 95 |
Burdens of an Expanded Empire | p. 95 |
Tightening Imperial Controls | p. 97 |
The Sugar Act | p. 99 |
American Colonists Demand Rights | p. 100 |
The Stamp Act: The Pot Set to Boiling | p. 100 |
Rioters or Rebels? | p. 102 |
The Declaratory Act | p. 103 |
The Townshend Duties | p. 104 |
The Boston Massacre | p. 105 |
The Boiling Pot Spills Over | p. 106 |
The Tea Act Crisis | p. 106 |
From Resistance to Revolution | p. 108 |
The American Revolution | p. 112 |
The Shot Heard Round the World | p. 113 |
The Second Continental Congress | p. 114 |
The Battle of Bunker Hill | p. 115 |
The Great Declaration | p. 116 |
1776: The Balance of Forces | p. 119 |
Loyalists | p. 120 |
The British Take New York City | p. 120 |
Saratoga and the French Alliance | p. 123 |
The War Moves South | p. 125 |
Victory at Yorktown | p. 126 |
Negotiating a Favorable Peace | p. 128 |
National Government under the Articles of Confederation | p. 130 |
Financing the War | p. 131 |
State Republican Governments | p. 131 |
Social Reform and Antislavery | p. 132 |
Women and the Revolution | p. 134 |
Growth of a National Spirit | p. 135 |
The Great Land Ordinances | p. 136 |
National Heroes | p. 140 |
The Federalist Era: Nationalism Triumphant | p. 143 |
Inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation | p. 144 |
Daniel Shays's ôLittle Rebellionö | p. 145 |
To Philadelphia, and the Constitution | p. 146 |
The Great Convention | p. 147 |
The Compromises That Produced the Constitution | p. 148 |
Ratifying the Constitution | p. 151 |
Washington as President | p. 153 |
Congress under Way | p. 155 |
Hamilton Financial Reform | p. 155 |
The Ohio Country: A Dark and Bloody Ground | p. 159 |
Revolution in France | p. 159 |
Federalists and Republicans: The Rise of Political Parties | p. 161 |
1794: Crisis and Resolution | p. 162 |
Jay's Treaty | p. 163 |
1795: All's Well That Ends Well | p. 164 |
Washington's Farewell | p. 165 |
The Election of 1796 | p. 165 |
The XYZ Affair | p. 166 |
The Alien and Sedition Acts | p. 167 |
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolves | p. 168 |
Jeffersonian Democracy | p. 171 |
Jefferson Elected President | p. 172 |
The Federalist Contribution | p. 173 |
Thomas Jefferson: Political Theorist | p. 173 |
Jefferson as President | p. 174 |
Jefferson's Attack on the Judiciary | p. 176 |
The Barbary Pirates | p. 177 |
The Louisiana Purchase | p. 177 |
The Federalists Discredited | p. 181 |
Lewis and Clark | p. 183 |
The Burr Conspiracy | p. 184 |
Napoleon and The British | p. 185 |
The Impressment Controversy | p. 187 |
The Embargo Act | p. 187 |
Jeffersonian Democracy | p. 190 |
National Growing Pains | p. 193 |
Madison in Power | p. 194 |
Tecumseh and Indian Resistance | p. 194 |
Depression and Land Hunger | p. 196 |
Opponents of War | p. 196 |
The War of 1812 | p. 197 |
Britain Assumes the Offensive | p. 201 |
ôThe Star Spangled Bannerö | p. 202 |
The Treaty of Ghent | p. 203 |
The Hartford Convention | p. 203 |
The Battle of New Orleans and the End of the War | p. 204 |
Anglo-American Rapprochement | p. 206 |
The Transcontinental Treaty | p. 206 |
The Monroe Doctrine | p. 207 |
The Era of Good Feelings | p. 210 |
New Sectional Issues | p. 211 |
New Leaders | p. 214 |
The Missouri Compromise | p. 216 |
The Election of 1824 | p. 219 |
John Quincy Adams as President | p. 220 |
Calhoun's Exposition and Protest | p. 220 |
The Meaning of Sectionalism | p. 221 |
Toward a National Economy | p. 224 |
Gentility and the Consumer Revolution | p. 225 |
Birth of the Factory | p. 226 |
An Industrial Proletariat? | p. 227 |
Lowell's Waltham System: Women as Factory Workers | p. 229 |
Irish and German Immigrants | p. 230 |
The Persistence of the Household System | p. 231 |
Rise of Corporations | p. 231 |
Cotton Revolutionizes the South | p. 232 |
Revival of Slavery | p. 235 |
Roads to Market | p. 236 |
Transportation and the Government | p. 238 |
Development of Steamboats | p. 239 |
The Canal Boom | p. 240 |
New York City: Emporium of the Western World | p. 241 |
The Marshall Court | p. 243 |
Jacksonian Democracy | p. 247 |
ôDemocratizingö Politics | p. 248 |
1828: The New Party System in Embryo | p. 249 |
The Jacksonian Appeal | p. 250 |
The Spoils System | p. 251 |
President of All the People | p. 252 |
Sectional Tensions Revived | p. 253 |
Jackson: ôThe Bank … I Will Kill It!ö | p. 253 |
Jackson's Bank Veto | p. 255 |
Jackson versus Calhoun | p. 256 |
Indian Removals | p. 257 |
The Nullification Crisis | p. 260 |
Boom and Bust | p. 262 |
The Jacksonians | p. 263 |
Rise of the Whigs | p. 263 |
Martin Van Buren: Jacksonianism without Jackson | p. 265 |
The Log Cabin Campaign | p. 268 |
The Making of Middle-Class America | p. 271 |
Tocqueville: Democracy in America | p. 272 |
The Family Recast | p. 273 |
The Second Great Awakening | p. 274 |
The Era of Associations | p. 276 |
Backwoods Utopias | p. 277 |
The Age of Reform | p. 279 |
ôDemon Rumö | p. 281 |
The Abolitionist Crusade | p. 282 |
Women's Rights | p. 285 |
The Romantic View of Life | p. 288 |
Emerson and Thoreau | p. 289 |
Edgar Allan Poe | p. 290 |
Nathaniel Hawthorne | p. 291 |
Herman Melville | p. 292 |
Walt Whitman | p. 292 |
Reading and the Dissemination of Culture | p. 294 |
Education for Democracy | p. 294 |
The State of the Colleges | p. 296 |
Westward Expansion | p. 299 |
Tyler's Troubles | p. 299 |
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty | p. 300 |
The Texas Question | p. 301 |
Manifest Destiny | p. 303 |
Life on the Trail | p. 303 |
California and Oregon | p. 304 |
The Election of 1844 | p. 307 |
Polk as President | p. 307 |
War with Mexico | p. 308 |
To the Halls of Montezuma | p. 310 |
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | p. 312 |
The Fruits of Victory: Further Enlargement of the United States | p. 312 |
Slavery: Storm Clouds Gather | p. 313 |
The Election of 1848 | p. 314 |
The Gold Rush | p. 316 |
The Compromise of 1850 | p. 317 |
The Sections Go Their Own Ways | p. 323 |
The South | p. 32$ |
The Economics of Slavery | p. 324 |
Antebellum Plantation Life | p. 327 |
The Sociology of Slavery | p. 32$ |
Psychological Effects of Slavery | p. 330 |
Manufacturing in the South | p. 333 |
The Northern Industrial Jugg$naut | p. 334 |
A Nation of Immigrants | p. 335 |
How Wage Earners Lived | p. 335 |
Progress and Poverty | p. 337 |
Foreign Commerce | p. 338 |
Steam Conquers the Atlantic | p. 339 |
Canals and Railroads | p. 339 |
Financing the Railroads | p. 340 |
Railroads and the Economy | p. 341 |
Railroads and the Sectional Conflict | p. 344 |
The Economy on the Eve of Civil War | p. 345 |
The Coming of the Civil War | p. 347 |
Slave-Catchers Come North | p. 348 |
Uncle Tom's Cabin | p. 350 |
Diversions Abroad: The ôYoung Americaö Movement | p. 351 |
Stephen Douglas: ôThe Little Giantö | p. 352 |
The Kansas-Nebraska Act | p. 353 |
Know-Nothings, Republicans, and the Demise of the Two-Party System | p. 355 |
ôBleeding Kansasö | p. 356 |
Senator Sumner Becomes a Martyr for Abolitionism | p. 358 |
Buchanan Tries His Hand | p. 359 |
The Dred Scott Decision | p. 360 |
The Proslavery Lecompton Constitution | p. 362 |
The Emergence of Lincoln | p. 363 |
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates | p. 364 |
John Brown's Raid | p. 366 |
The Election of 1860 | p. 367 |
The Secession Crisis | p. 371 |
The War to Save the Union | p. 375 |
Lincoln's Cabinet | p. 375 |
Fort Sumter: The First Shot | p. 376 |
The Blue and the Gray | p. 378 |
The Test of Battle: Bull Run | p. 380 |
Paying for the War | p. 381 |
Politics as Usual | p. 382 |
Behind Confederate Lines | p. 383 |
War in the West: Shiloh | p. 384 |
McClellan: The Reluctant Warrior | p. 385 |
Lee Counterattacks: Antietam | p. 387 |
The Emancipation Proclamation | p. 388 |
The Draft Riots | p. 391 |
The Emancipated People | p. 392 |
African American Soldiers | p. 392 |
Antietam to Gettysburg | p. 393 |
Lincoln Finds His General: Grant at Vicksburg | p. 395 |
Economic and Social Effects, North and South | p. 396 |
Women in Wartime | p. 397 |
Grant in the Wilderness | p. 398 |
Sherman in Georgia | p. 400 |
To Appomattox Court House | p. 403 |
Winners, Losers, and the Future | p. 403 |
Reconstruction and the South | p. 409 |
The Assassination of Lincoln | p. 410 |
Presidential Reconstruction | p. 411 |
Republican Radicals | p. 413 |
Congress Rejects Johnsonian Reconstruction | p. 413 |
The Fourteenth Amendment | p. 415 |
The Reconstruction Acts | p. 416 |
Congress Supreme | p. 416 |
The Fifteenth Amendment | p. 417 |
ôBlack Republicanö Reconstruction: Scalawags and Carpetbaggers | p. 419 |
The Ravaged Land | p. 421 |
Sharecropping and the Crop-Lien System | p. 422 |
The White Backlash | p. 424 |
Grant as President | p. 426 |
The Disputed Election of 1876 | p. 427 |
The Compromise of 1877 | p. 429 |
The Conquest of the West | p. 433 |
The West after the Civil War | p. 434 |
The Plains Indians | p. 434 |
Indian Wars | p. 436 |
The Destruction of Tribal Life | p. 439 |
The Lure of Gold and Silver in the West | p. 441 |
Farmers Struggle to Keep Up | p. 442 |
Farming as Big Business | p. 443 |
Western Railroad Building | p. 443 |
The Cattle Kingdom | p. 447 |
Open-Range Ranching | p. 447 |
Barbed-Wire Warfare | p. 448 |
An Industrial Giant Emerges | p. 451 |
Essentials of Industrial Growth | p. 452 |
Railroads: The First Big Business | p. 452 |
Iron, Oil, and Electricity | p. 454 |
Competition and Monopoly: The Railroads | p. 457 |
Competition and Monopoly: Steel | p. 458 |
Competition and Monopoly: Oil | p. 461 |
Competition and Monopoly: Retailing and Utilities | p. 462 |
American Ambivalence to Big Business | p. 462 |
Reformers: George, Bellamy, Lloyd | p. 465 |
Reformers: The Marxists | p. 466 |
The Government Reacts to Big Business: Railroad Regulation | p. 467 |
The Government Reacts to Big Business: The Sherman Antitrust Act | p. 469 |
The Labor Union Movement | p. 470 |
The American Federation of Labor | p. 472 |
Labor Militancy Rebuffed | p. 473 |
Whither America, Whither Democracy? | p. 474 |
American Society in the Industrial Age | p. 477 |
Middle-Class Life | p. 478 |
Skilled and Unskilled Workers | p. 479 |
Working Women | p. 480 |
Working-Class Family Life | p. 481 |
Working-Class Attitudes | p. 481 |
Working Your Way Up | p. 482 |
The ôNewö Immigration | p. 484 |
New Immigrants Face New Nativism | p. 486 |
The Expanding City and Its Problems | p. 487 |
Teeming Tenements | p. 488 |
The Cities Modernize | p. 490 |
Leisure Activities: More Fun and Games | p. 490 |
Christianity's Conscience and the Social Gospel | p. 493 |
The Settlement Houses | p. 495 |
Civilization and Its Discontents | p. 497 |
Intellectual and Cultural Trends in the Late Nineteenth Century | p. 500 |
Colleges and Universities | p. 501 |
Revolution in the Social Sciences | p. 503 |
Progressive Education | p. 504 |
Law and History | p. 505 |
Realism in Literature | p. 508 |
Mark Twain | p. 508 |
William Dean Howells | p. 509 |
Henry James | p. 511 |
Realism in Art | p. 511 |
The Pragmatic Approach | p. 513 |
The Knowledge Revolution | p. 515 |
From Smoke-Filled Rooms to Prairie Wildfire: 1877-1896 | p. 518 |
Congress Ascendant | p. 519 |
Recurrent Issues | p. 520 |
Party Politics: Sidestepping the Issues | p. 521 |
Lackluster Presidents: From Hayes to Harrison | p. 522 |
African Americans in the South after Reconstruction | p. 525 |
Booker T. Washington: A ôReasonableö Champion for African Americans | p. 527 |
City Bosses | p. 529 |
Crops and Complaints | p. 530 |
The Populist Movement | p. 531 |
Showdown on Silver | p. 533 |
The Depression of 1893 | p. 535 |
The Election of 1896 | p. 537 |
The Meaning of the Election | p. 539 |
The Age of Reform | p. 542 |
Roots of Progressivism | p. 542 |
The Muckrakers | p. 544 |
The Progressive Mind | p. 545 |
ôRadicalö Progressives: The Wave of the Future | p. 546 |
Political Reform: Cities First | p. 550 |
Political Reform: The States | p. 550 |
State Social Legislation | p. 551 |
Political Reform: The Woman Suffrage Movement | p. 553 |
Theodore Roosevelt: Cowboy in the White House | p. 556 |
Roosevelt and Big Business | p. 557 |
Roosevelt and the Coal Strike | p. 558 |
TR's Triumphs | p. 559 |
Roosevelt Tilts Left | p. 561 |
William Howard Taft: The Listless Progressive, or More Is Less | p. 561 |
Breakup of the Republican Party | p. 563 |
The Election of 1912 | p. 564 |
Wilson: The New Freedom | p. 565 |
The Progressives and Minority Rights | p. 568 |
Black Militancy | p. 570 |
From Isolation to Empire | p. 574 |
Isolation or Imperialism? | p. 575 |
Origins of the Large Policy: Coveting Colonies | p. 575 |
Toward an Empire in the Pacific | p. 577 |
Toward an Empire in Latin America | p. 579 |
The Cuban Revolution | p. 580 |
The ôSplendid Littleö Spanish-American War | p. 582 |
Developing a Colonial Policy | p. 585 |
The Anti-Imperialists | p. 585 |
The Philippine Insurrection | p. 587 |
Cuba and the United States | p. 588 |
The United States in the Caribbean and Central America | p. 589 |
The Open Door Policy in China | p. 593 |
The Panama Canal | p. 595 |
Imperialism without Colonies | p. 598 |
Woodrow Wilson and the Great War | p. 601 |
Wilson's ôMoralö Diplomacy | p. 602 |
Europe Explodes in War | p. 603 |
Freedom of the Seas | p. 604 |
The Election of 1916 | p. 608 |
The Road to War | p. 609 |
Mobilizing the Economy | p. 611 |
Workers in Wartime | p. 613 |
Paying for the War | p. 613 |
Propaganda and Civil Liberties | p. 614 |
Wartime Reforms | p. 615 |
Women and Blacks in Wartime | p. 616 |
Americans: To the Trenches and Over the Top | p. 618 |
Preparing for place | p. 619 |
The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty | p. 621 |
The Senate Rejects the League of Nations | p. 624 |
The Red Scare | p. 627 |
The Election of 1920 | p. 628 |
Postwar Society and Culture: Change and Adjustment | p. 631 |
Closing the Gates to New Immigrants | p. 632 |
New Urban Social Patterns | p. 633 |
The Younger Generation | p. 635 |
The ôNewö Woman | p. 636 |
Popular Culture: Movies and Radio | p. 637 |
The Golden Age of Sports | p. 641 |
Urban-Rural Conflicts: Fundamentalism | p. 642 |
Urban-Rural Conflicts: Prohibition | p. 644 |
The Ku Klux Klan | p. 645 |
Literary Trends | p. 646 |
The ôNew Negroö | p. 648 |
Economic Expansion | p. 651 |
The Age of the Consumer | p. 651 |
Henry Ford | p. 653 |
The Airplane | p. 654 |
From ôNormalcyö to Economic Collapse: 1921-1933 | p. 656 |
Harding and ôNormalcyö | p. 656 |
ôThe Business of the United States is Businessö | p. 657 |
The Harding Scandals | p. 659 |
Coolidge Prosperity | p. 662 |
Peace without a Sword | p. 662 |
The Peace Movement | p. 664 |
The Good Neighbor Policy | p. 665 |
The Totalitarian Challenge | p. 665 |
War Debts and Reparations | p. 666 |
The Election of 1928 | p. 667 |
Economic Problems | p. 668 |
The Stock Market Crash of 1929 | p. 669 |
Hoover and the Depression | p. 670 |
The Economy Hits Bottom | p. 673 |
The Depression and Its Victims | p. 674 |
The Election of 1932 | p. 675 |
The New Deal: 1933-1941 | p. 678 |
The Hundred Days | p. 678 |
The National Recovery Administration (NRA) | p. 680 |
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | p. 681 |
The Dust Bowl | p. 682 |
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | p. 683 |
The New Deal Spirit | p. 684 |
The Unemployed | p. 684 |
Literature during the Depression | p. 685 |
Three Extremists: Long, Coughlin, and Townsend | p. 686 |
The Second New Deal | p. 688 |
The Election of 1936 | p. 690 |
Roosevelt Tries to Undermine the Supreme Court | p. 691 |
The New Deal Winds Down | p. 692 |
Significance of the New Deal | p. 693 |
Women as New Dealers: The Network | p. 694 |
Blacks during the New Deal | p. 695 |
A New Deal for Indians | p. 696 |
The Role of Roosevelt | p. 697 |
The Triumph of Isolationism | p. 698 |
War Again in Asia and Europe | p. 699 |
A Third Term for FDR | p. 702 |
The Undeclared War | p. 703 |
War and Peace: 1941-1945 | p. 708 |
The Road to Pearl Harbor | p. 709 |
Mobilizing the Home Front | p. 710 |
The War Economy | p. 711 |
War and Social Change | p. 712 |
Minorities in Time of War: Blacks, Hispanics, and Indians | p. 713 |
The Treatment of German and Italian Americans | p. 714 |
Internment of Japanese Americans | p. 715 |
Women's Contributions to the War Effort | p. 716 |
Allied Strategy: Europe First | p. 717 |
Germany Overwhelmed | p. 720 |
The Naval War in the Pacific | p. 721 |
Island Hopping | p. 725 |
Building the Atom Bomb | p. 727 |
Wartime Diplomacy | p. 728 |
Allied Suspicion of Stalin | p. 729 |
Yalta and Potsdam | p. 730 |
Collision Courses, Abroad and at Home: 1946-1960 | p. 733 |
The Postwar Economy | p. 734 |
Truman Becomes President | p. 734 |
The Containment Policy | p. 735 |
The Atom Bomb: A ôWinningö Weapon? | p. 736 |
A Turning Point in Greece | p. 736 |
The Marshall Plan and the Lesson of History | p. 737 |
The Election of 1948 | p. 738 |
Containing Communism Abroad | p. 740 |
Hot War in Korea | p. 741 |
The Communist Issue at Home | p. 743 |
McCarthyism | p. 744 |
Dwight D. Eisenhower | p. 745 |
The Eisenhower-Dulles Foreign Policy | p. 746 |
McCarthy Self-Destructs | p. 747 |
Asian Policy after Korea | p. 747 |
Israel and the Middle East | p. 748 |
Eisenhower and Khrushchev | p. 749 |
Latin America Aroused | p. 751 |
Fighting the Cold War at Home | p. 751 |
Blacks Challenge Segregation | p. 752 |
Direct Action Protests: The Montgomery Bus Boycott | p. 754 |
The Election of 1960 | p. 755 |
From Camelot to Watergate: 1961-1975 | p. 760 |
Kennedy in Camelot | p. 761 |
The Cuban Crises | p. 761 |
JFK's Vietnam War | p. 763 |
ôWe Shall Overcomeö: The Civil Rights Movement | p. 764 |
Tragedy in Dallas: JFK Assassinated | p. 766 |
Lyndon Baines Johnson: The Great Society | p. 767 |
New Racial Turmoil | p. 769 |
From the ôBeat Movementö to Student Radicalism | p. 771 |
Johnson Escalates the War | p. 772 |
The Election of 1968 | p. 774 |
Nixon as President: ôVietnamizingö the War | p. 776 |
The Cambodian ôIncursionö | p. 777 |
Détente with Communism | p. 778 |
Nixon in Triumph | p. 779 |
Domestic Policy under Nixon | p. 780 |
The Watergate Break-In and Cover-Up | p. 781 |
The Judgment on Watergate: ôExpletive Deletedö | p. 783 |
Nixon Resigns, Ford Becomes President | p. 784 |
Running on Empty: 1975-1991 | p. 787 |
The Oil Crisis | p. 787 |
Ford as President | p. 788 |
The Fall of South Vietnam | p. 789 |
Ford versus Carter | p. 789 |
The Carter Presidency | p. 790 |
A National Malaise | p. 790 |
ôConstant Decencyö in Action | p. 792 |
The Iran Crisis: Origins | p. 793 |
The Iran Crisis: Carter's Dilemma | p. 793 |
The Election of 1980 | p. 794 |
Reagan as President | p. 795 |
Four More Years | p. 796 |
ôThe Reagan Revolutionö | p. 797 |
The New Merger Movement | p. 798 |
ôA Job for Lifeö: Layoffs Hit Home | p. 799 |
Corporate Restructuring | p. 799 |
Rogue Foreign Policy | p. 802 |
Assessing the Reagan Revolution | p. 803 |
The Election of 1988 | p. 804 |
George H. W. Bush as President | p. 804 |
The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe | p. 805 |
The War in the Persian Gulf | p. 806 |
Deficits | p. 808 |
From Boomers to Millennials | p. 811 |
The New Immigration | p. 812 |
The Emergence of Modern Feminism | p. 816 |
Roe v. Wade | p. 818 |
Conservative Counterattack | p. 819 |
The Rise of Gay and Lesbian Rights | p. 820 |
AIDS | p. 821 |
Publicly Gay | p. 822 |
Crime and Punishment | p. 823 |
Crack and Urban Gangs | p. 824 |
Violence and Popular Culture | p. 824 |
From Main Street to Mall to Internet | p. 825 |
From Community to Facebook | p. 827 |
Greying of the Boomers | p. 831 |
Shocks and Responses: 1992-Present | p. 834 |
A New Face: Bill Clinton | p. 835 |
The Election of 1992 | p. 836 |
A New Start: Clinton as President | p. 836 |
Emergence of the Republican Majority | p. 836 |
The Election of 1996 | p. 837 |
Clinton Impeached | p. 837 |
Clinton's Legacy | p. 839 |
The Economic Boom and the Internet | p. 840 |
The 2000 Election: George W. Bush Wins by One Vote | p. 840 |
The New Terrorism | p. 841 |
September 11, 2001 | p. 842 |
America Fights Back: War in Afghanistan | p. 843 |
The Second Iraq War | p. 844 |
2004: Bush Wins a Second Term | p. 845 |
Crime: Good News and Bad | p. 846 |
Hurricane Katrina | p. 847 |
Iraq Insurgency and Bush's ôSurgeö | p. 848 |
2008: McCain v. Obama | p. 852 |
Financial Meltdown | p. 853 |
ôYes We Canö: Obama Elected President | p. 854 |
Obama as President | p. 855 |
Health Care Reform | p. 856 |
Immigration Reform | p. 857 |
Environmental Concerns and Disaster in the Gulf | p. 858 |
Afghanistan, Again | p. 859 |
The Persistent Past and Imponderable Future | p. 862 |
Appendix A-1 | |
Credits C-1 | |
Glossary G-1 | |
Index I-1 | |
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