American Nation, The: A History of the United States since 1865, Volume II (Book Alone)

by Carnes, Mark C.; Garraty, John A.

• ISBN13: 9780321316349
• ISBN10: 0321316347
• Edition: 12th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Using the political history of the nation as the framework on which social, economic, and cultural developments depend, co-authors Carnes and Garraty describe how the voices and actions of many peoples have produced a particular political structurethe United States, a single nationand how that nation has in turn influenced the lives of everyone. Long-renowned for its elegant narrative style,The American Nationin this Twelfth Edition retains its most significant strengthits rich and memorable prose.In this revision, the authors have revised each chapter to incorporate recent research and scholarship, refined the prose style, greatly expanded the number of maps, selected many new illustrations to engage students visually, and written informative, new captions to encourage students to reflect on the information conveyed in the illustration. In each chapter, a new feature, "Debating the Past" presents the varying views of historians on a question related to the chapter content. The final chapter (33) carries the story of the American nation to the present with coverage of the war in Iraq and the election of 2004.

Table of Contents

Maps and Graphs	xxiii
Features	xxv
American Lives
Re-Viewing the Past
Mapping the Past
Debating the Past
Preface	xxvii
About the Authors	xxxiii
Reconstruction and the South	424	(22)
Presidential Reconstruction	425	(2)
Republican Radicals	427	(1)
Congress Rejects Johnsonian Reconstruction	428	(2)
The Fourteenth Amendment	430	(1)
The Reconstruction Acts	430	(1)
Congress Supreme	431	(1)
The Fifteenth Amendment	431	(4)
``Black Republican'' Reconstruction: Scalawags and Carpetbaggers	435	(1)
The Ravaged Land	436	(2)
Sharecropping and the Crop-Lien System	438	(2)
The White Backlash	440	(1)
Grant as President	441	(1)
The Disputed Election of 1876	442	(1)
The Compromise of 1877	443
Mapping the Past The Politics of Reconstruction	432	(2)
Debating the Past Were Reconstruction governments corrupt?	434	(12)
In the Wake of War	446	(30)
Congress Ascendant	447	(2)
The Political Aftermath of War	449	(2)
Blacks After Reconstruction	451	(1)
Booker T. Washington: A ``Reasonable'' Champion for Blacks	452	(2)
White Violence and Vengeance	454	(1)
The West After the Civil War	454	(2)
The Plains Indians	456	(2)
Indian Wars	458	(2)
The Destruction of Tribal Life	460	(3)
The Lure of Gold and Silver in the West	463	(2)
Big Business and the Land Bonanza	465	(1)
Western Railroad Building	466	(2)
The Cattle Kingdom	468	(1)
Open-Range Ranching	469	(3)
Barbed-Wire Warfare	472
American Lives Nat Love	470
Debating the Past Was the frontier exceptionally violent?	455	(21)
An Industrial Giant	476	(26)
Essentials of Industrial Growth	477	(1)
Railroads: The First Big Business	478	(3)
Iron, Oil, and Electricity	481	(4)
Competition and Monopoly: The Railroads	485	(1)
Competition and Monopoly: Steel	486	(1)
Competition and Monopoly: Oil	487	(3)
Competition and Monopoly: Retailing and Utilities	490	(1)
American Ambivalence to Big Business	490	(3)
Reformers: George, Bellamy, Lloyd	493	(1)
Reformers: The Marxists	494	(1)
The Government Reacts to Big Business: Railroad Regulation	494	(1)
The Government Reacts to Big Business: The Sherman Antitrust Act	495	(1)
The Labor Union Movement	496	(1)
The American Federation of Labor	497	(1)
Labor Militancy Rebuffed	498	(2)
Whither America, Whither Democracy?	500
Mapping the Past Were the Railroads Indispensable to Economic Growth?	482	(10)
Debating the Past Were the industrialists ``robber barons'' or savvy entrepreneurs?	492	(10)
American Society in the Industrial Age	502	(26)
Middle-Class Life	503	(2)
Skilled and Unskilled Workers	505	(1)
Working Women	505	(1)
Farmers	506	(1)
Working-Class Family Life	507	(1)
Working-Class Attitudes	507	(1)
Working Your Way Up	508	(1)
The ``New'' Immigration	509	(1)
New Immigrants Face New Nativism	510	(2)
The Expanding City and Its Problems	512	(2)
Teeming Tenements	514	(1)
The Cities Modernize	515	(4)
Leisure Activities: More Fun and Games	519	(3)
Christianity's Conscience and the Social Gospel	522	(2)
The Settlement Houses	524	(1)
Civilization and Its Discontents	525
Mapping the Past Cholera: A New Disease Strikes the Nation	516
Debating the Past Did immigrants assimilate?	513	(15)
Intellectual and Cultural Trends	528	(22)
The Knowledge Revolution	529	(2)
Magazine Journalism	531	(1)
Colleges and Universities	532	(2)
Revolution in the Social Sciences	534	(2)
Progressive Education	536	(1)
Law and History	536	(2)
Realism in Literature	538	(1)
Mark Twain	539	(1)
William Dean Howells	540	(4)
Henry James	544	(1)
Realism in Art	544	(2)
The Pragmatic Approach	546
Re-Viewing the Past Titanic	544
Debating the Past Did the frontier engender individualism and democracy?	537	(13)
Politics: Local, State, and National	550	(22)
Political Strategy and Tactics	551	(1)
Voting Along Ethnic and Religious Lines	552	(1)
City Bosses	552	(2)
Party Politics: Sidestepping the Issue	554	(1)
Lackluster Leaders	555	(4)
Crops and Complaints	559	(1)
The Populist Movement	560	(3)
Showdown on Silver	563	(1)
The Depression of 1893	563	(2)
The Election of 1896	565	(4)
The Meaning of the Election	569
Mapping the Past The Election of 1896	566
Debating the Past Were city governments corrupt and incompetent?	553	(19)
The Age of Reform	572	(30)
Roots of Progressivism	573	(2)
The Muckrakers	575	(1)
The Progressive Mind	576	(1)
``Radical'' Progressives: The Wave of the Future	576	(4)
Political Reform: Cities First	580	(1)
Political Reform: The States	581	(1)
State Social Legislation	581	(2)
Political Reform: The Woman Suffrage Movement	583	(3)
Political Reform: Income Taxes and Popular Election of Senators	586	(270)
Theodore Roosevelt: Cowboy in the White House	856
Roosevelt and Big Business	588	(1)
Roosevelt and the Coal Strike	589	(2)
TR's Triumphs	591	(1)
Roosevelt Tilts Left	591	(1)
William Howard Taft: The Listless Progressive, or More Is Less	592	(1)
Breakup of the Republican Party	593	(1)
The Election of 1912	594	(1)
Wilson: The New Freedom	595	(1)
The Progressives and Minority Rights	596	(2)
Black Militancy	598
American Lives Emma Goldman	578	(11)
Debating the Past Were the progressives forward-looking?	589	(13)
From Isolation to Empire	602	(26)
Isolation or Imperialism?	603	(1)
Origins of the Large Policy: Coveting Colonies	604	(2)
Toward an Empire in the Pacific	606	(2)
Toward an Empire in Latin America	608	(1)
The Cuban Revolution	609	(3)
The ``Splendid Little'' Spanish-American War	612	(2)
Developing a Colonial Policy	614	(1)
The Anti-Imperialists	615	(1)
The Philippine Insurrection	616	(1)
Cuba and the United States	616	(4)
The United States in the Caribbean and Central America	620	(1)
The Open Door Policy	621	(1)
The Panama Canal	622	(3)
Imperialism Without Colonies	625
American Lives Frederick Funston	618
Debating the Past Did the United States acquire an overseas empire for economic reasons?	605	(23)
Woodrow Wilson and the Great War	628	(30)
Wilson's ``Moral'' Diplomacy	629	(2)
Europe Explodes in War	631	(1)
Freedom of the Seas	632	(2)
The Election of 1916	634	(1)
The Road to War	635	(1)
Mobilizing the Economy	636	(4)
Workers in Wartime	640	(1)
Paying for the War	641	(1)
Propaganda and Civil Liberties	641	(2)
Wartime Reforms	643	(1)
Women and Blacks in Wartime	643	(3)
Americans: To the Trenches and Over the Top	646	(1)
Preparing for Peace	647	(2)
The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty	649	(2)
The Senate Rejects the League of Nations	651	(2)
Demobilization	653	(1)
The Red Scare	654	(1)
The Election of 1920	655
American Lives Harry S Truman	638	(14)
Debating the Past Did a stroke sway Wilson's judgment?	652	(6)
Postwar Society and Culture: Change and Adjustment	658	(28)
Closing the Gates to New Immigrants	659	(1)
New Urban Social Patterns	660	(1)
The Younger Generation	661	(4)
The ``New'' Woman	665	(1)
Popular Culture: Movies and Radio	666	(3)
The Golden Age of Sports	669	(1)
Urban-Rural Conflicts: Fundamentalism	670	(2)
Urban-Rural Conflicts: Prohibition	672	(2)
The Ku Klux Klan	674	(1)
Sacco and Vanzetti	675	(1)
Literary Trends	675	(3)
The ``New Negro''	678	(2)
Economic Expansion	680	(1)
The Age of the Consumer	681	(1)
Henry Ford	682	(1)
The Airplane	682
Re-Viewing the Past Chicago	662	(5)
Debating the Past Was the decade of the 1920s one of self-absorption?	667	(19)
The New Era: 1921--1933	686	(24)
Harding and ``Normalcy''	688	(1)
``The Business of the United States Is Business''	688	(1)
The Harding Scandals	689	(1)
Coolidge Prosperity	690	(1)
Peace Without a Sword	691	(2)
The Peace Movement	693	(1)
The Good Neighbor Policy	693	(1)
The Totalitarian Challenge	694	(1)
War Debts and Reparations	695	(1)
The Election of 1928	695	(4)
Economic Problems	699	(1)
The Stock Market Crash of 1929	699	(1)
Hoover and the Depression	700	(4)
The Economy Hits Bottom	704	(1)
The Depression and Its Victims	705	(1)
The Election of 1932	706
Mapping the Past FDR's Political Revolution	696	(7)
Debating the Past What caused the Great Depression?	703	(7)
The New Deal: 1933--1941	710	(30)
The Hundred Days	711	(2)
The National Recovery Administration (NRA)	713	(1)
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)	714	(1)
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)	714	(1)
The New Deal Spirit	715	(1)
The Unemployed	716	(1)
Literature in the Depression	717	(1)
Three Extremists: Long, Coughlin, and Townsend	718	(2)
The Second New Deal	720	(1)
The Election of 1936	721	(1)
Roosevelt Tries to Undermine the Supreme Court	722	(1)
The New Deal Winds Down	723	(2)
Significance of the New Deal	725	(1)
Women as New Dealers: The Network	726	(1)
Blacks During the New Deal	727	(1)
A New Deal for Indians	728	(1)
The Role of Roosevelt	729	(1)
The Triumph of Isolationism	730	(1)
War Again in Europe	731	(4)
A Third Term for FDR	735	(1)
The Undeclared War	736
Mapping the Past Isolationism of the 1930s	732
Debating the Past Did the New Deal succeed?	724	(16)
War and Peace	740	(26)
The Road to Pearl Harbor	741	(2)
Mobilizing the Home Front	743	(1)
The War Economy	743	(2)
War and Social Change	745	(1)
Minorities in Time of War: Blacks, Hispanics, and Indians	745	(2)
The Treatment of German and Italian Americans	747	(1)
Internment of the Japanese	747	(1)
Women's Contribution to the War Effort	748	(2)
Allied Strategy: Europe First	750	(2)
Germany Overwhelmed	752	(4)
The Naval War in the Pacific	756	(2)
Island Hopping	758	(1)
Building the Atom Bomb	759	(2)
Wartime Diplomacy	761	(1)
Allied Suspicion of Stalin	762	(1)
Yalta and Potsdam	762
Re-Viewing the Past Saving Private Ryan	754	(6)
Debating the Past Should the United States have used atomic bombs against Japan?	760	(6)
The American Century	766	(28)
The Postwar Economy	768	(1)
The Containment Policy	769	(1)
The Atom Bomb: A ``Winning'' Weapon?	769	(1)
A Turning Point in Greece	770	(1)
The Marshall Plan and the Lesson of History	770	(3)
Dealing with Japan and China	773	(1)
The Election of 1948	773	(3)
Containing Communism Abroad	776	(2)
Hot War in Korea	778	(3)
The Communist Issue at Home	781	(1)
McCarthyism	781	(1)
Dwight D. Eisenhower	782	(1)
The Eisenhower-Dulles Foreign Policy	783	(1)
McCarthy Self-Destructs	784	(1)
Asian Policy After Korea	785	(1)
Israel and the Middle East	785	(1)
Eisenhower and Khrushchev	786	(2)
Latin America Aroused	788	(1)
The Politics of Civil Rights	788	(2)
The Election of 1960	790
Mapping the Past Planning Nuclear War	774	(3)
Debating the Past Did Truman needlessly exacerbate relations with the Soviet Union?	777	(17)
From Camelot to Watergate	794	(30)
The Cuban Crises	796	(2)
The Vietnam War	798	(1)
``We Shall Overcome'': The Civil Rights Movement	799	(2)
Tragedy in Dallas: JFK Assassinated	801	(1)
Lyndon Baines Johnson	802	(1)
The Great Society	803	(2)
Johnson Escalates the War	805	(3)
Opposition to the War	808	(1)
The Election of 1968	808	(3)
Nixon as President: ``Vietnamizing'' the War	811	(2)
The Cambodian ``Incursion''	813	(1)
Detente with Communism	814	(1)
Nixon in Triumph	815	(1)
Domestic Policy Under Nixon	816	(1)
The Watergate Break-in	817	(2)
More Troubles for Nixon	819	(1)
The Judgment on Watergate: ``Expletive Deleted''	819	(1)
The Meaning of Watergate	820
Mapping the Past School Segregation After the Brown Decision	806	(3)
Debating the Past Would JFK have sent a half-million American troops to Vietnam?	809	(15)
Society in Flux	824	(28)
A Society on the Move	826	(1)
The Advent of Television	826	(1)
At Home and Work	827	(2)
The Growing Middle Class	829	(1)
Religion in Changing Times	829	(2)
Literature and Art	831	(2)
The Perils of Progress	833	(2)
The Costs of Prosperity	835	(1)
New Racial Turmoil	835	(2)
Native-Born Ethnics	837	(2)
Rethinking Public Education	839	(1)
Students in Revolt	840	(2)
The Counterculture	842	(1)
The Sexual Revolution	842	(2)
Women's Liberation	844	(2)
Mapping the Past Roe v. Wade (1978) and the Abortion Controversy	846
Debating the Past Did mass culture make life shallow?	843	(9)
Running on Empty: The Nation Transformed	852	(24)
The Oil Crisis	854	(1)
Ford as President	854	(1)
The Fall of South Vietnam	855	(1)
Ford Versus Carter	855	(1)
The Carter Presidency	856	(1)
A National Malaise	856	(1)
Stagflation: The Weird Economy	857	(1)
Families Under Stress	858	(2)
Cold War or Detente?	860	(1)
The Iran Crisis: Origins	860	(1)
The Iran Crisis: Carter's Dilemma	861	(1)
The Election of 1980	862	(1)
Reagan as President	863	(1)
Four More Years	864	(1)
``The Reagan Revolution''	865	(2)
Change and Uncertainty	867	(1)
AIDS	868	(1)
The New Merger Movement	869	(1)
``A Job for Life'': Layoffs Hit Home	869	(3)
A ``Bipolar'' Economy, a Fractured Society	872	(1)
The Iran-Contra Arms Deal	872
American Lives Bill Gates	870
Debating the Past Did Reagan end the Cold War?	866	(10)
Misdemeanors and High Crimes	876
The Election of 1988	878	(1)
Crime and Punishment	878	(1)
``Crack'' and Urban Gangs	879	(1)
George H. W. Bush as President	879	(1)
The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe	880	(1)
The War in the Persian Gulf	881	(2)
The Deficit Worsens	883	(1)
Looting the Savings and Loans	883	(1)
Whitewater and the Clintons	883	(1)
The Election of 1992	884	(1)
A New Start: Clinton	884	(1)
Emergence of the Republican Majority	885	(1)
The Election of 1996	885	(1)
A Racial Divide	886	(1)
Violence and Popular Culture	887	(1)
Clinton Impeached	888	(1)
Clinton's Legacy	889	(1)
The Economic Boom and the Internet	890	(1)
The 2000 Election: George W. Bush Wins by One Vote	890	(4)
Terrorism Intensifies	894	(1)
Septmeber 11, 2001	894	(2)
America Fights Back: War in Afghanistan	896	(1)
The Second Iraq War	896	(3)
The Election of 2004	899	(2)
The Imponderable Future	901
Mapping the Past Twenty Years of Terrorism	892	(8)
Debating the Past Do historians ever get it right?	900
Appendix	1	(1)
The Declaration of Independence	3	(2)
The Articles of Confederation	5	(4)
The Constitution of the United States of America	9	(5)
Amendments to the Constitution	14	(5)
Presidential Elections, 1789--2004	19	(13)
Present-day United States	32	(2)
Present-day World	34
Picture Credits	1	(1)
Index	1