The American Pageant: A History of the Republic, AP edition

by Kennedy, David M.; Cohen, Lizabeth; Bailey, Thomas A.

• ISBN13: 9780618479405
• ISBN10: 0618479406
• Edition: 13th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-02-15
• Publisher: Cengage High School

Table of Contents

Preface	xxiii
PART ONE Founding the New Nation c. 33,000 B.C.--A.D. 1783	2	(162)
New World Beginnings 33,000 B.C.--A.D. 1769	4	(21)
The geology of the New World
Native Americans before Columbus
Europeans and Africans
Columbus and the early explorers
The ecological consequences of Columbus's discovery
The conquest of Mexico
Spain builds a New World empire
Examining the Evidence Making Sense of the New World	7	(11)
Makers of America The Spanish Conquistadores	18	(7)
The Planting of English America 1500--1733	25	(18)
England on the eve of empire
The expansion of Elizabethan England
The planting of Jamestown, 1607
English settlers and Native Americans
The growth of Virginia and Maryland
England in the Caribbean
Settling the Carolinas and Georgia
Makers of America The Iroquois	40	(3)
Settling the Northern Colonies 1619--1700	43	(23)
The Puritan faith
Plymouth Colony, 1620
The Puritan commonwealth of Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630
Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire
Puritans and Indians
The Confederation and Dominion of New England, 1686-1689
New Netherland becomes New York
Pennsylvania, the Quaker colony
New Jersey and Delaware
Makers of America The English	50	(11)
Examining the Evidence A Seventeenth-Century Valuables Cabinet	61	(3)
Varying Viewpoints Europeanizing America or Americanizing Europe?	64	(2)
American Life in the Seventeenth Century 1607--1692	66	(18)
Life and labor in the Chesapeake tobacco region
Indentured servants and Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia, 1676
The spread of slavery
African American culture
Southern Society
Families in New England
Declining Puritan piety
The Salem witchcraft trials, 1692
Daily life in the colonies
Examining the Evidence An Indentured Servant's Contract	69	(5)
Makers of America From African to African American	74	(10)
Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700--1775	84	(22)
Immigration and population growth
Colonial social structure
Earning a living
The Atlantic economy
The role of religion
The Great Awakening of the 1730s
Education and culture
Politics and the press
Colonial folkways
Makers of America The Scots-Irish	86	(18)
Varying Viewpoints Colonial America: Communities of Conflict or Consensus?	104	(2)
The Duel for North America 1608--1763	106	(16)
New France
Fur-traders and Indians
Anglo-French colonial rivalries
Europe, America, and the first world wars
The Seven Years' War
Pontiac's Uprising and the Proclamation of 1763
Makers of America The French	116	(6)
The Road to Revolution 1763--1775	122	(18)
Roots of revolution
The merits and menace of mercantilism
The Stamp Act crisis, 1765
The Townshend Acts, 1767
The Boston Tea Party, 1773
The Intolerable Acts and the Continental Congress, 1774
Lexington, Concord, and the gathering clouds of war, 1775
The rebel army
America Secedes from the Empire 1775--1783	140	(24)
Early skirmishes, 1775
American ``republicanism''
The Declaration of Independence, 1776
Patriots and Loyalists
The fighting fronts
The French alliance, 1778
Yorktown, 1781
The Peace of Paris, 1783
Examining the Evidence A Revolution for Women? Abigail Adams Chides Her Husband, 1776	147	(1)
Makers of America The Loyalists	148	(14)
Varying Viewpoints Whose Revolution?	162	(2)
PART TWO Building the New Nation 1776--1860	164	(184)
The Confederation and the Constitution 1776--1790	166	(24)
Changing political sentiments
The new state constitutions
Economic troubles
The Articles of Confederation, 1781--1788
The Northwest Ordinance, 1787
Shays's Rebellion, 1786
The Constitutional Convention, 1787
Ratifying the Constitution, 1787--1790
Examining the Evidence Copley Family Portrait, c. 1776--1777	169	(19)
Varying Viewpoints The Constitution: Revolutionary or Counterrevolutionary?	188	(2)
Launching the New Ship of State 1789--1800	190	(21)
Problems of the young Republic
The first presidency, 1789--1793
The Bill of Rights, 1791
Hamilton's economic policies
The emergence of political parties
The impact of the French Revolution
Jay's Treaty, 1794, and Washington's farewell, 1797
President Adams keeps the peace
The Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
Federalists versus Republicans
The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic 1800--1812	211	(22)
The ``Revolution of 1800''
The Jefferson presidency
John Marshall and the Supreme Court
Barbary pirates
The Louisiana Purchase, 1803
The Anglo-French War
The Embargo, 1807--1809
Madison gambles with Napoleon
Battle with the Shawnees
A Declaration of War
Examining the Evidence The Thomas Jefferson-Sally Hemings Controversy	213	(20)
The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812--1824	233	(23)
Invasion of Canada, 1812
The war on land and sea
The Treaty of Ghent, 1814
The Hartford Convention, 1814--1815
A new national identity
``The American System''
James Monroe and the Era of Good Feelings
Westward expansion
The Missouri Compromise, 1820
The Supreme Court under John Marshall
Oregon and Florida
The Monroe Doctrine, 1823
Makers of America Settlers of the Old Northwest	244	(12)
The Rise of a Mass Democracy 1824--1840	256	(31)
The ``corrupt bargain'' of 1824
President John Quincy Adams, 1825--1829
The triumph of Andrew Jackson, 1828
The spoils system
The ``Tariff of Abominations,'' 1828
The South Carolina nullification crisis, 1832--1833
The removal of the Indians from the Southeast
Jackson's war on the Bank of the United States
The emergence of the Whig party, 1836
Martin Van Buren in the White House, 1837--1841
Revolution in Texas
William Henry Harrison's ``log cabin'' campaign, 1840
Mass democracy and the two-party system
Examining the Evidence Satiric Bank Note, 1837	273	(5)
Makers of America Mexican or Texican?	278	(7)
Varying Viewpoints What Was Jacksonian Democracy?	285	(2)
Forging the National Economy 1790--1860	287	(33)
The westward movement
European immigration
The Irish and the Germans
Nativism and assimilation
The coming of the factory system
Industrial workers
Women and the economy
The ripening of commercial agriculture
The transportation revolution
A continental economy
Makers of America The Irish	294	(4)
Makers of America The Germans	298	(7)
Examining the Evidence The Invention of the Sewing Machine	305	(15)
The Ferment of Reform and Culture 1790--1860	320	(28)
Religious revivals
The Mormons
Educational advances
The roots of reform
Temperance
Women's roles and women's rights
Utopian experiments
Science, art, and culture
A national literature
Examining the Evidence Dress as Reform	333	(3)
Makers of America The Oneida Community	336	(10)
Varying Viewpoints Reform: Who? What? How? and Why?	346	(2)
PART THREE Testing the New Nation 1820--1877	348	(154)
The South and the Slavery Controversy 1793--1860	350	(21)
The economy of the Cotton Kingdom
Southern social structure
Poor whites and free blacks
The plantation system
Life under slavery
The abolitionist crusade
The white Southern response
Abolition and the Northern conscience
Examining the Evidence Bellegrove Plantation, Donaldsville, Louisiana, Built 1857	363	(6)
Varying Viewpoints What Was the True Nature of Slavery?	369	(2)
Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy 1841--1848	371	(19)
``Tyler Too'' becomes president, 1841
Fixing the Maine boundary, 1842
The annexation of Texas, 1845
Oregon Fever
James K. Polk, the ``dark horse'' of 1844
War with Mexico, 1846--1848
Makers of America The Californios	386	(4)
Renewing the Sectional Struggle 1848--1854	390	(19)
``Popular sovereignty''
Zachary Taylor and California statehood
The underground railroad
The Compromise of 1850
The Fugitive Slave Law
President Pierce and expansion, 1853--1857
Senator Douglas and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Drifting Toward Disunion 1854--1861	409	(25)
Uncle Tom's Cabin and the spread of abolitionist sentiment in the North
The contest for Kansas
The election of James Buchanan, 1856
The Dred Scott case, 1857
The financial panic of 1857
The Lincoln-Douglas debates, 1858
John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, 1859
Lincoln and Republican victory, 1860
Secession
Examining the Evidence Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin	411	(21)
Varying Viewpoints The Civil War: Repressible or Irrepressible?	432	(2)
Girding for War: The North and the South 1861--1865	434	(19)
The attack on Fort Sumter, April 1861
The crucial border states
The balance of forces
The threat of European intervention
The importance of diplomacy
Lincoln and civil liberties
Men in uniform
Financing the Blue and the Gray
The economic impact of the war
Women and the war
The fate of the South
Makers of America Billy Yank and Johnny Reb	440	(13)
The Furnace of Civil War 1861--1865	453	(26)
Bull Run ends the ``ninety-day war''
The Peninsula Campaign
The Union wages total war
The war at sea
Antietam, 1862
The Emancipation Proclamation, 1863
Black soldiers
Confederate high tide at Gettysburg
The war in the West
Sherman marches through Georgia
Politics in wartime
Appomattox, 1865
The assassination of Lincoln, April 1865
The legacy of war
Examining the Evidence Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address	465	(13)
Varying Viewpoints What Were the Consequences of the Civil War?	478	(1)
The Ordeal of Reconstruction 1865--1877	479	(23)
The defeated South
The freed slaves
President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction policies
The Black Codes
Congressional Reconstruction policies
Johnson clashes with Congress
Military Reconstruction, 1867--1877
Freed people enter politics
``Black Reconstruction'' and the Ku Klux Klan
The impeachment of Andrew Johnson
The legacy of Reconstruction
Examining the Evidence Letter from a Freedman to His Old Master, 1865	483	(17)
Varying Viewpoints How Radical Was Reconstruction?	500	(2)
PART FOUR Forging an Industrial Society 1869--1909	502	(152)
Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age 1869-1896	504	(26)
Ulysses S. Grant, soldier-president
Corruption and reform in the post-Civil War era
The depression of the 1870s
Political parties and partisans
The Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction
The emergence of Jim Crow
Class conflict and ethnic clashes
Grover Cleveland and the tariff
Benjamin Harrison and the ``Billion Dollar Congress''
The Populists
Depression and Dissent
Makers of America The Chinese	516	(13)
Varying Viewpoints The Populists: Radicals or Reactionaries?	529	(1)
Industry Comes of Age 1865--1900	530	(28)
The railroad boom
Speculators and financiers
Early efforts at government regulation
Lords of industry
The gospel of wealth
Industry in the South
The laboring classes
The rise of trade unions
Examining the Evidence The Photography of Lewis W. Hine	549	(5)
Makers of America The Knights of Labor	554	(3)
Varying Viewpoints Industrialization: Boon or Blight?	557	(1)
America Moves to the City 1865--1900	558	(36)
The rise of the city
The ``New Immigrants''
Settlement houses and social workers
Nativists and immigration restriction
Churches in the city
Evolution and education
Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois
Literary landmarks and intellectual achievements
The ``New Woman'' and the new morality
Art, music, and entertainment in urban America
Makers of America The Italians	564	(3)
Examining the Evidence Manuscript Census Data, 1900	567	(13)
Makers of America Pioneering Pragmatists	580	(14)
The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution 1865--1896	594	(32)
The conquest of the Indians
The mining and cattle frontiers
Free lands and fraud
The fading frontier
The industrialization of agriculture
Farmers protest
The People's Party
Bryan versus McKinley, 1896
Makers of America The Plains Indians	600	(9)
Examining the Evidence Robert Louis Stevenson's Transcontinental Journey, 1879	609	(16)
Varying Viewpoints Was the West Really ``Won''?	625	(1)
Empire and Expansion 1890--1909	626	(28)
The sources of American expansionism
The Hawaii Question
The Spanish-American War, 1898
The invasion of Cuba
Acquiring Puerto Rico (1898) and the Philippines (1899)
Crushing the Filipino insurrection
The Open Door in China
Theodore Roosevelt becomes president, 1901
The Panama Canal
Roosevelt on the World Stage
Makers of America The Puerto Ricans	638	(6)
Makers of America The Filipinos	644	(9)
Varying Viewpoints Why Did America Become a World Power?	653	(1)
PART FIVE Struggling for Justice at Home and Abroad 1901--1945	654	(196)
Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901--1912	656	(23)
Campaigning against social injustice
The muckrakers
The politics of progressivism
Women battle for the vote and against the saloon
Roosevelt, labor, and the trusts
Consumer protection
Conservation
Roosevelt's legacy
The troubled presidency of William Howard Taft
Taft's ``dollar diplomacy''
Roosevelt breaks with Taft
Examining the Evidence Muller v. Oregon, 1908	663	(7)
Makers of America The Environmentalists	670	(9)
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad 1912--1916	679	(17)
The election of 1912: The New Freedom versus the New Nationalism
Wilson, the tariff, the banks, and the trusts
Wilson's diplomacy in Latin America
War in Europe and American neutrality
The reelection of Wilson, 1916
Varying Viewpoints Who Were the Progressives?	695	(1)
The War to End War 1917--1918	696	(24)
America goes to war, 1917
Wilsonian idealism and the Fourteen Points
Propaganda and civil liberties
Workers, blacks, and women on the home front
Drafting soldiers
The United States fights in France
Wilsonian peacemaking at Paris
The League of Nations
The Senate rejects the Versailles Treaty
Examining the Evidence ``Mademoiselle from Armentieres''	709	(9)
Varying Viewpoints Woodrow Wilson: Realist or Idealist?	718	(2)
American Life in the ``Roaring Twenties'' 1919--1929	720	(26)
The ``red scare,'' 1919--1920
Immigration restriction, 1921--1924
Prohibition and gangsterism
The Scopes trial
A mass-consumption economy
The automobile age
Radio and the movies
Jazz age culture, music, and literature
The economic boom
Makers of America The Poles	726	(13)
Examining the Evidence The Jazz Singer, 1927	739	(7)
The Politics of Boom and Bust 1920--1932	746	(24)
The Republicans return to power, 1921
Disarmament and isolation
The Harding scandals
Calvin Coolidge's foreign policies
The international debt snarl
Herbert Hoover, cautious progressive
The great crash, 1929
Hoover and the Great Depression
Hard Times
Aggression in Asia
``Good Neighbors'' in Latin America
Examining the Evidence Lampooning Hoover, 1932	765	(5)
The Great Depression and the New Deal 1933--1939	770	(30)
Franklin D. Roosevelt as president
The Hundred Days Congress, 1933
Relief, Recovery, and Reform
Depression Demagogues
The National Recovery Administration, 1933--1935
Aid for Agriculture
The Tennessee Valley Authority
Housing and Social Security
A new deal for labor
The election of 1936
The Supreme Court fight, 1937
The New Deal assessed
Makers of America The Dust Bowl Migrants	786	(13)
Varying Viewpoints How Radical Was the New Deal?	799	(1)
Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War 1933--1941	800	(21)
Roosevelt's early foreign policies
German and Japanese aggression
The Neutrality Acts, 1935--1939
The Spanish Civil War, 1936--1939
Isolation and appeasement
The Lend-Lease Act and the Atlantic Charter, 1941
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
Makers of America Refugees from the Holocaust	808	(3)
Examining the Evidence Public Opinion Polling in the 1930s	811	(10)
America in World War II 1941--1945	821	(29)
The shock of war
The internment of Japanese Americans
Mobilizing the economy
Women in wartime
The war's effect on African Americans, Native Americans, and Mexican Americans
The economic impact of war
Turning the Japanese tide in the Pacific
Campaigns in North Africa (1942) and Italy (1943)
``D-Day'' in Normandy (France), June 6, 1944
Germany surrenders, May 1945
The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, August 1945
Makers of America The Japanese	824	(15)
Examining the Evidence Franklin Roosevelt at Teheran, 1943	839	(9)
Varying Viewpoints The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?	848	(2)
PART SIX Making Modern America 1945 to the Present	850
The Cold War Begins 1945--1952	852	(30)
Postwar prosperity
The ``Sunbelt'' and the suburbs
The postwar baby boom
Harry S. Truman as president
Origins of the Cold War
The United Nations and the postwar world
Communism and containment
The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO
Anti-communism at home
The Korean War, 1950--1953
Examining the Evidence Advertising Prosperity	855	(5)
Makers of America The Suburbanites	860	(20)
Varying Viewpoints Who Was to Blame for the Cold War?	880	(2)
The Eisenhower Era 1952--1960	882	(27)
Affluent America
Consumer culture in the 1950s
The election of Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1952
The menace of McCarthyism
Desegregating the South
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and the seeds of the civil rights revolution
Eisenhower Republicanism
Cold war crises
The space race and the arms race
The election of John F. Kennedy, 1960
Postwar literature and culture
Makers of America The Great African American Migration	892	(13)
Examining the Evidence The Shopping Mall as New Town Square, 1960	905	(4)
The Stormy Sixties 1960--1968	909	(29)
The Kennedy spirit
Kennedy and the Cold War
The Vietnam quagmire
The Cuban missile crisis, 1962
The struggle for civil rights
Kennedy assassinated, November 22, 1963
Lyndon Baines Johnson and the ``Great Society''
The civil rights revolution explodes
The Vietnam disaster
The election of Richard Nixon, 1968
The cultural upheavals of the 1960s
Examining the Evidence Conflicting Press Accounts of the ``March on Washington,'' 1963	919	(17)
Varying Viewpoints The Sixties: Constructive or Destructive?	936	(2)
The Stalemated Seventies 1968--1980	938	(28)
Economic stagnation
Nixon and the Vietnam War
New policies toward China and the Soviet Union
Nixon and the Supreme Court
Nixon's domestic program
Nixon trounces McGovern, 1972
Israelis, Arabs, and oil
The Watergate scandal
Nixon resigns
Feminism
Desegregation and affirmative action
The election of Jimmy Carter, 1976
The energy crisis and inflation
The Iranian hostage humiliation
Examining the Evidence The ``Smoking Gun'' Tape, June 23, 1972	951	(3)
Makers of America The Vietnamese	954	(4)
Makers of America The Feminists	958	(8)
The Resurgence of Conservatism 1980--1992	966	(23)
The ``New Right'' and Reagan's election, 1980
Budget battles and tax cuts
Reagan and the Soviets
Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan, and the thawing of the Cold War
The Iran-Contra scandal
Reagan's economic legacy
The religious right
Conservatism and the courts
The election of George Bush, 1988
The end of the Cold War
The Persian Gulf War, 1991
Bush's battles at home
Varying Viewpoints Where Did Modern Conservatism Come From?	987	(2)
America Confronts the Post-Cold War Era 1992--2004	989	(22)
The election of Bill Clinton, 1992
A false start for reform
The politics of distrust
Clinton as president
Post-Cold War foreign policy
The Clinton impeachment trial
The controversial 2000 election
George W. Bush as president
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
War in Iraq
The reelection of George W. Bush, 2004
The American People Face a New Century	1011
The high-tech economy
Widening inequality
The feminist revolution
The changing American family
Immigration and assimilation
Cities and suburbs
A multicultural society
American culture at the century's turn
The American prospect
Makers of America Scientists and Engineers	1014	(10)
Makers of America The Latinos	1024
Appendix
Suggested Readings	1	(28)
Declaration of Independence	29	(3)
Constitution of the United States of America	32	(17)
An American Profile: The United States and Its People	49	(13)
Population, Percentage Change, and Racial Composition for the United States, 1790--2002
Population Density and Distribution, 1790--2000
Changing Characteristics of the U.S. Population
Changing Lifestyles in Modern America
Characteristics of the U.S. Labor Force
Leading Economic Sectors
Per Capita Disposable Personal Income in Constant (1987) Dollars, 1940--2002
Comparative Tax Burdens
The Federal Budget Dollar and How It Is Spent, by Major Category
The U.S. Balance of Trade, 1900--2002
Tariff Levies on Dutiable Imports, 1821--2003
Gross Domestic Product in Current and Constant 1995 Dollars
Presidential Elections
Presidents and Vice Presidents
Admission of States
Estimates of Total Costs and Number of Battle Deaths of Major U.S. Wars
Photograph Credits	62	(5)
Index	67	(36)
Document-Based Questions (DBQs)	103