The American Promise Compact, Volume I: To 1877

by Roark; Johnson; Cohen

• ISBN13: 9780312448417
• ISBN10: 0312448414
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-07-27
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Summary

The American Promise: A Compact Historyoffers a unique mid-sized alternative to brief and full-sized texts alike. Designed to draw students into the book and spark their historical imagination, abundant artifacts in the visual program make history tangible and introduces students to material culture, while numerous voices of individuals in the narrative connect students to the people who embraced and contested America's promise. The narrative is condensed by the authors to provide just the right amount of text but not too much to preclude additional readings, and it is enhanced by an abundance of full-color visuals, special features, and study tools usually paired only with full-length narratives to engage and support students in every facet of their learning. The unique combination of narrative, visuals, features and study tools in this mid-sized book is offered at a price thirty percent lower than that of its full-length parent text, making the compact edition just the right choice for many courses.

Author Biography

JAMES L. ROARK is the Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of History at Emory University. In 1993, he received the Emory Williams Distinguished Teaching Award, and in 2001-2002 he was the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at Cambridge University. He has written Masters without Slaves: Southern Planters in the Civil War and Reconstruction. With Michael P. Johnson, he is author of Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South and editor of No Chariot Let Down: Charleston's Free People of Color on the Eve of the Civil War. He has received research assistance from the American Philosophical Society, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.

MICHAEL P. JOHNSON is professor of history at the Johns Hopkins University. His publications include Toward a Patriarchal Republic: The Secession of Georgia; with James L. Roark, Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South and No Chariot Let Down: Charleston's Free People of Color on the Eve of the Civil War; Abraham Lincoln, Slavery and the Civil War: Selected Writings and Speeches; and Reading the American Past: Selected Historical Documents, the documents reader for The American Promise. Johnson has been awarded research fellowships by the American Council of Learned Societies; the National Endowment for the Humanities; the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University; and the Times Mirror Foundation Distinguished Research Fellowship at the Huntington Library. He has directed a National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Seminar for College Teachers and has been honored with university awards for outstanding teaching. He won the William and Mary Quarterly award for best article in 2002 and the Organization of American Historians ABC-CLIO America: History and Life Award for best American history article in 2002.

PATRICIA CLINE COHEN is professor of history at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She has writtenA Calculating People: The Spread of Numeracy in Early America and The Murder of Helen Jewett: The Life and Death of a Prostitute in Nineteenth-Century New York. She has published articles on quantitative literacy, mathematics education, prostitution, and murder. Her scholarly work has received assistance from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Humanities Center, the University of California President's Fellowship in the Humanities, the Schlesinger Library, and the Newberry Library. In 2001-2002 she was the Distinguished Senior Mellon Fellow at the American Antiquarian Society. She served as chair of the history department at Santa Barbara from 2002 to 2005. She is at work on a book about women's health advocate Mary Gove Nichols.

SARAH STAGE is professor of women's studies at Arizona State University. Her books include Female Complaints: Lydia Pinkham and the Business of Women's Medicine and Rethinking Women and Home Economics in the Twentieth Century, which has been translated for a Japanese edition. She has received fellowships from the Rockefeller Foundation, the American Association of University Women, the Charles Warren Center for the Study of History at Harvard University, and the University of California President's Fellowship in the Humanities. She is at work on a book entitled Women and the Progressive Impulse in American Politics, 1890-1914.

ALAN LAWSON is professor of history at Boston College. He has written The Failure of Independent Liberalism and coedited From Revolution to Republic. While completing the forthcoming Ideas in Crisis: The New Deal and the Mobilization of Progressive Experience, he has published book chapters and essays on political economy, the cultural legacy of the New Deal, multiculturalism, and the arts in public life. He has served as editor of the Review of Education and the Intellectual History Newsletter. Under the auspices of the United States Information Agency, Lawson has served as coordinator and lecturer for programs to instruct faculty from foreign nations in the state of American historical scholarship and teaching.

SUSAN M. HARTMANN is professor of history at Ohio State University. She has written Truman and the 80th Congress; The Home Front and Beyond: American Women in the 1940s; From Margin to Mainstream: Women and Politics since 1960; and The Other Feminists: Activists in the Liberal Establishment. Her work has been supported by the Truman Library Institute, the Rockefeller Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the American Council of Learned Societies. At Ohio State she has served as director of women's studies, and in 1995 she won the Exemplary Faculty Award in the College of Humanities. Her current research is on gender and the transformation of politics since 1945.

Table of Contents

Note: Each chapter ends with Suggestions for Further Reading and a "Reviewing the Chapter" section which includes a Timeline, Key Terms, Review questions, and Making Connections.
    
  1. Ancient America: Before 1492
    Opening Vignette: Archaeological discovery proves that humans inhabited America for more than 10,000 years
    Archaeology and History
    The First Americans
    Beyond America's Borders: Nature's Immigrants
    Archaic Hunters and Gatherers
    Agricultural Settlements and Chiefdoms
    Native Americans in the 1490s
    The Mexica: A Meso-American Culture
    Conclusion: The World of Ancient Americans
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  2. Europeans Encounter the New World, 14921600
    Opening Vignette: Christopher Columbus encounters the Tainos of San Salvador
    Europe in the Age of Exploration
    A Surprising New World in the Western Atlantic
    Spanish Exploration and Conquest
    Documenting the American Promise: Justifying Conquest
    The New World and Sixteenth-Century Europe
    Conclusion: The Promise of the New World for Europeans
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  3. The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 16011700
    Opening Vignette: Pocahontas "rescues" John Smith
    An English Colony on the Chesapeake
    A Tobacco Society
    Beyond America's Borders: American Tobacco and European Consumers
    The Evolution of Chesapeake Society
    Religion and Revolt in the Spanish Borderland
    Toward a Slave Labor System
    Conclusion: The Growth of English Colonies Based on Export Crops and Slave Labor
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  4. The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 16011700
    Opening Vignette: Roger Williams is banished from Puritan Massachusetts
    Puritan Origins: The English Reformation
    Puritans and the Settlement of New England
    Documenting the American Promise: King Philip Considers Christianity
    The Evolution of New England Society
    The Founding of the Middle Colonies
    The Colonies and the British Empire
    Conclusion: An English Model of Colonization in North America
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  5. Colonial America in the Eighteenth Century, 17011770
    Opening Vignette: Young Benjamin Franklin arrives in Philadelphia
    A Growing Population and Expanding Economy in British North America
    New England: From Puritan Settlers to Yankee Traders
    The Middle Colonies: Immigrants, Wheat, and Work
    The Southern Colonies: Land of Slavery
    Unifying Experiences
    Bonds of the British Empire
    Documenting the American Promise: Missionaries Report on California Missions
    Conclusion: The Dual Identity of British North American Colonists
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  6. The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis, 17541775
    Opening Vignette: Loyalist governor Thomas Hutchinson stands his ground in radical Massachusetts
    The Seven Years' War, 17541763
    Historical Question: How Long Did the Seven Years' War Last in Indian Country?
    The Sugar and Stamp Acts, 17631765
    The Townshend Acts and Economic Retaliation, 17671770
    The Tea Party and the Coercive Acts, 17701774
    Domestic Insurrections, 17741775
    Conclusion: How Far Does Liberty Go?
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  7. The War for America, 17751783
    Opening Vignette: Abigail Adams eagerly awaits independence
    The Second Continental Congress
    The Promise of Technology: Arming the Soldiers: Muskets and Rifles
    The First Year of War, 17751776
    The Home Front
    The Campaigns of 17771779: The North and West
    The Southern Strategy and the End of the War
    Conclusion: Why the British Lost
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  8. Building a Republic, 17751789
    Opening Vignette: James Madison comes of age in the midst of revolution
    The Articles of Confederation
    The Sovereign States
    Documenting the American Promise: Blacks Petition for Freedom and Rights
    The Critical Period
    The United States Constitution
    Ratification of the Constitution
    Conclusion: The "Republican Remedy"
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  9. The New Nation Takes Form, 17891800
    Opening Vignette: Alexander Hamilton struggles with the national debt
    The Search for Stability
    Beyond America's Borders: France, England, and Woman's Rights in the 1790s
    Hamilton's Economic Policies
    Conflicts West, East, and South
    Federalists and Republicans
    Conclusion: Parties Nonetheless
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  10. Republicans in Power, 18001824
    Opening Vignette: The Shawnee chief Tecumseh attempts to forge a pan-Indian confederacy
    Jefferson's Presidency
    The Madisons in the White House
    The Promise of Technology: Stoves Transform Cooking
    Women's Status in the Early Republic
    Monroe and Adams
    Conclusion: Republican Simplicity Becomes Complex
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  11. The Expanding Republic, 18151840
    Opening Vignette: The rise of Andrew Jackson, symbol of a self-confident and expanding nation
    The Market Revolution
    The Spread of Democracy
    Cultural Shifts, Religion, and Reform
    Beyond America's Borders: Transatlantic Abolition
    Jackson Defines the Democratic Party
    Conclusion: The Age of Jackson or the Era of Reform?
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  12. The New West and Free North, 18401860
    Opening Vignette: Young Abraham Lincoln and his family struggle to survive in antebellum America
    The Westward Movement
    Expansion and the Mexican-American War
    Historical Question: Who Rushed for California Gold?
    Economic and Industrial Evolution
    Free Labor: Promise and Reality
    Reforming Self and Society
    Conclusion: Free Labor, Free Men
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  13. The Slave South, 18201860
    Opening Vignette: Slave Nat Turner leads a revolt to end slavery
    The Growing Distinctiveness of the South
    Masters, Mistresses, and the Big House
    Historical Question: How Often Were Slaves Whipped?
    Slaves and the Quarter
    Black and Free: On the Middle Ground
    The Plain Folk
    The Politics of Slavery
    Conclusion: A Slave Society
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  14. The House Divided, 18461861
    Opening Vignette: Abolitionist John Brown takes his war against slavery to Harper's Ferry, Virginia
    The Bitter Fruits of War
    The Sectional Balance Undone
    Beyond America's Borders: Filibusters: The Underside of Manifest Destiny
    Realignment of the Party System
    Freedom under Siege
    The Union Collapses
    Conclusion: Slavery, Free Labor, and the Failure of Political Compromise
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  15. The Crucible of War, 18611865
    Opening Vignette: Runaway slave William Gould enlists in the U.S. navy
    "And the War Came"
    The Combatants
    Battling It Out, 18611862
    Union and Freedom
    The South at War
    The North at War
    Grinding Out Victory, 18631865
    Historical Question: Why Did So Many Soldiers Die?
    Conclusion: The Second American Revolution
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  16. Reconstruction, 18631877
    Opening Vignette: Northern victory freed the field hand York, but it did not change his former master's mind about the need for slavery
    Wartime Reconstruction
    Documenting the American Promise: The Meaning of Freedom
    Presidential Reconstruction
    Congressional Reconstruction
    The Struggle in the South
    Reconstruction Collapses
    Conclusion: "A Revolution But Half Accomplished"
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  17. Business and Politics in the Gilded Age, 18701895
    Opening Vignette: Mark Twain and the Gilded Age
    Old Industries Transformed, New Industries Born
    Documenting the American Promise: Rockefeller and His Critics
    From Competition to Consolidation
    Politics and Culture
    Presidential Politics in the Gilded Age
    Economic Issues and Shifting Political Alliances
    Conclusion: Business Dominates an Era
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  18. The West in the Gilded Age, 18701900
    Opening Vignette: Native American boarding school students celebrate Indian citizenship
    Gold Fever and the Mining West
    The Promise of Technology: Hydraulic Mining
    Land Fever
    A Clash of Cultures
    Conclusion: The West, an Integral Part of Gilded Age America
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  19. The City and Its Workers, 18701900
    Opening Vignette: Workers build the Brooklyn Bridge
    The Rise of the City
    At Work in the City
    Workers Organize
    At Home and at Play
    City Growth and City Government
    Beyond America's Borders: The World's Columbian Exposition and Nineteenth-Century World's Fairs
    Conclusion: Who Built the Cities?
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  20. Dissent, Depression, and War, 18901900
    Opening Vignette: The people create the Populist Party in 1892
    The Farmers' Revolt
    Documenting the American Promise: Voices of Protest
    The Labor Wars
    Women's Activism
    Depression Politics
    The United States and the World
    War and Empire
    Conclusion: Rallying around the Flag
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  21. Progressivism from the Grass Roots to the White House, 18901916
    Opening Vignette: Jane Addams founds Hull House
    Grassroots Progressivism
    Progressivism: Theory and Practice
    Progressivism Finds a President: Theodore Roosevelt
    The Promise of Technology: Flash Photography and the Birth of Photojournalism
    Progressivism Stalled
    Woodrow Wilson and Progressivism at High Tide
    The Limits of Progressive Reform
    Conclusion: The Transformation of the Liberal State
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  22. World War I: The Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad, 19141920
    Opening Vignette: General Pershing struggles to protect the autonomy of the American Expeditionary Force
    Woodrow Wilson and the World
    "Over There"
    The Crusade for Democracy at Home
    A Compromised Peace
    Democracy at Risk
    Beyond America's Borders: Bolshevism
    Conclusion: Troubled Crusade
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  23. From New Era to Great Depression, 19201932
    Opening Vignette: Henry Ford puts America on wheels
    The New Era
    The Promise of Technology: Better Living through Electricity
    The Roaring Twenties
    Resistance to Change
    The Great Crash
    Life in the Depression
    Conclusion: Dazzle and Despair
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  24. The New Deal Experiment, 19321939
    Opening Vignette: The Bonus Army marches into Washington, D.C.
    Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Patrician in Government
    Launching the New Deal
    Challenges to the New Deal
    Historical Question: Huey Long: Demagogue or Champion of the Dispossessed?
    Toward a Welfare State
    The New Deal from Victory to Deadlock
    Conclusion: Achievements and Limitations of the New Deal
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  25. The United States and the Second World War, 19391945
    Opening Vignette: Colonel Paul Tibbets drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan
    Peacetime Dilemmas
    The Onset of War
    Mobilizing for War
    Fighting Back
    The Wartime Home Front
    Beyond America's Borders: Nazi Anti-Semitism and the Atomic Bomb
    Toward Unconditional Surrender
    Conclusion: Allied Victory and America's Emergence as a Superpower
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  26. Cold War Politics in the Truman Years, 19451953
    Opening Vignette: Secretary of State Dean Acheson, President Truman's "good right hand"
    From the Grand Alliance to Containment
    Documenting the American Promise: The Emerging Cold War
    Truman and the Fair Deal at Home
    The Cold War Becomes Hot: Korea
    Conclusion: The Cold War's Costs and Consequences
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  27. The Politics and Culture of Abundance, 19521960
    Opening Vignette: Vice President Nixon and Russian Premier Khrushchev debate the merits of U.S. and Soviet societies
    Eisenhower and the Politics of the "Middle Way"
    Liberation Rhetoric and the Practice of Containment
    New Work and Living Patterns in an Economy of Abundance
    The Promise of Technology: Air-Conditioning
    The Culture of Abundance
    Emergence of a Civil Rights Movement
    Conclusion: Peace and Prosperity Mask Unmet Challenges
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  28. Reform, Rebellion, and Reaction, 19601974
    Opening Vignette: Fannie Lou Hamer leads grassroots struggles of African Americans for voting rights and political empowerment
    Liberalism at High Tide
    The Second Reconstruction
    A Multitude of Movements
    The New Wave of Feminism
    Beyond America's Borders: Transnational Feminisms
    Liberal Reform in the Nixon Administration
    Conclusion: Achievements and Limitations of Liberalism
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  29. Vietnam and the Limits of Power, 19611975
    Opening Vignette: American GIs arrive in Vietnam
    New Frontiers in Foreign Policy
    Lyndon Johnson's War against Communism
    Historical Question: Why Couldn't the United States Bomb Its Way to Victory in Vietnam?
    A Nation Polarized
    Nixon, Dtente, and the Search for Peace in Vietnam
    Nixon's Search for Peace with Honor in Vietnam
    Conclusion: An Unwinnable War
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  30. America Moves to the Right, 19691989
    Opening Vignette: Phyllis Schlafly promotes conservatism
    Nixon and the Rise of Postwar Conservatism
    Constitutional Crisis and Restoration
    The "Outsider" Presidency of Jimmy Carter
    Ronald Reagan and the Conservative Ascendancy
    Historical Question: Why Did the ERA Fail?
    Continuing Struggles over Rights and the Environment
    Ronald Reagan Confronts an "Evil Empire"
    Conclusion: Reversing the Course of Government
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  31. The End of the Cold War and the Challenges of Globalization: Since 1989
    Opening Vignette: Colin Powell adjusts to a postCold War world
    Domestic Stalemate and Global Upheaval: The Presidency of George H. W. Bush
    The Clinton Administration's Search for the Middle Ground
    Beyond America's Borders: Jobs in a Globalizing Era
    The United States in a Globalizing World
    President George W. Bush: Conservatism at Home and Radical Initiatives Abroad
    Conclusion: Defining the Government's Role at Home and Abroad
    Reviewing the Chapter
    
  Appendices
    I. Documents
    II. Facts and Figures: Government, Economy, and Demographics
    III. Research Resources in U.S. History
  Glossary of Historical Vocabulary
  Index