The American Promise, Volume A: To 1800 A History of the United States

by Roark, James L.; Johnson, Michael P.; Cohen, Patricia Cline; Stage, Sarah; Lawson, Alan; Hartmann, Susan M.

• ISBN13: 9780312469993
• ISBN10: 0312469993
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-04
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Summary

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Table of Contents

N.B. — Each chapter ends with a selected Bibliography and Reviewing the Chapter sections.

1. Ancient America: Before 1492

OPENING VIGNETTE: Archaeological discovery proves that humans have inhabited America for more than 10,000 years

Archaeology and History

The First Americans

BEYOND AMERICA’S BORDERS: Nature’s Immigrants

HISTORICAL QUESTION: Who Were the First Americans?

Archaic Hunters and Gatherers

Agricultural Settlements and Chiefdoms

Native Americans in the 1490s

THE PROMISE OF TECHNOLOGY: Ancient American Weaving

The Mexica: A Meso-American Culture

Conclusion: The World of Ancient Americans

2. Europeans Encounter the New World, 1492–1600

OPENING VIGNETTE: Queen Isabella of Spain supports Christopher Columbus’ risky plan to sail west across the Atlantic

Europe in the Age of Exploration

A Surprising New World in the Western Atlantic

Spanish Exploration and Conquest

HISTORICAL QUESTION: Why Did CortŽs Win?

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: Justifying Conquest

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: Spreading Christianity in New Spain

The New World and Sixteenth-Century Europe

Conclusion: The Promise of the New World for Europeans

3. The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1601–1700

OPENING VIGNETTE: Pocahontas ÒrescuesÓ John Smith

An English Colony on the Chesapeake

A Tobacco Society

Tobacco Agriculture

BEYOND AMERICA’S BORDERS: American Tobacco and European Consumers

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: Virginia Laws Governing Servants and Slaves

The Evolution of Chesapeake Society

HISTORICAL QUESTION: Why Did English Colonists Consider Themselves Superior to Indians and Africans?



Religion and Revolt in the Spanish Borderland

Toward a Slave Labor System

GLOBAL COMPARISON: Migration to the New World from Europe and Africa, 1492–1700

Conclusion: The Growth of English Colonies Based on Export Crops and Slave Labor

4. The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1601–1700

OPENING VIGNETTE: Roger Williams is banished from Puritan Massachusetts

Puritan Origins: The English Reformation

Puritans and the Settlement of New England

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: King Philip Considers Christianity

The Evolution of New England Society

HISTORICAL QUESTION: Why Were Some New Englanders Accused of Being Witches?

The Founding of the Middle Colonies

The Colonies and the English Empire

BEYOND AMERICA’S BORDERS: New France and the Indians: The British Colonies’ Northern Borderlands

Conclusion: An English Model of Colonization in North America

5. Colonial America in the Eighteenth Century, 1701–1770

OPENING VIGNETTE: The Robin Johns experience horrific turns of fortune in the Atlantic slave trade

A Growing Population and Expanding Economy in British North America

New England: From Puritan Settlers to Yankee Traders

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: A Sailor’s Life in the Eighteenth–Century Atlantic World

The Middle Colonies: Immigrants, Wheat, and Work

The Southern Colonies: Land of Slavery

Unifying Experiences

THE PROMISE OF TECHNOLOGY: Newspapers: ÒThe Spring of KnowledgeÓ

GLOBAL COMPARISON: Large Warships in European Navies, 1660–1760

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: Missionaries Report on California Missions

Conclusion: The Dual Identity of British North American Colonists

6. The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis, 1754–1775

OPENING VIGNETTE: Loyalist governor Thomas Hutchinson stands his ground in radical Massachusetts

The Seven Years’ War, 1754–1763

HISTORICAL QUESTION: How Long Did the Seven Years’ War Last in Indian Country?

The Sugar and Stamp Acts, 1763–1765

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: Pursuing Liberty, Protesting Tyranny

The Townshend Acts and Economic Retaliation, 1767–1770

The Tea Party and the Coercive Acts, 1770–1774

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: How News of the Powder Alarm Traveled

Domestic Insurrections, 1774–1775

Conclusion: How Far Does Liberty Go?

7. The War for America, 1775–1783

OPENING VIGNETTE: Deborah Sampson masquerades as a man to join the Continental army

The Second Continental Congress

THE PROMISE OF TECHNOLOGY: Arming the Soldiers: Muskets and Rifles

The First Year of War, 1775–1776

GLOBAL COMPARISON: How Tall Were Eighteenth–Century Men on Average?

BEYOND AMERICA’S BORDERS: Prisoners of War in the Eighteenth Century

The Home Front

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: Families Divide over the Revolution

The Campaigns of 1777–1779: The North and West

The Southern Strategy and the End of the War

Conclusion: Why the British Lost

8. Building a Republic, 1775–1789

OPENING VIGNETTE: James Madison comes of age in the midst of revolution

The Articles of Confederation

The Sovereign States

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: A Slave Sues for Her Freedom

The Confederation’s Problems

The United States Constitution

Ratification of the Constitution

HISTORICAL QUESTION: Was the New United States a Christian Country?

Conclusion: The ÒRepublican RemedyÓ

9. The New Nation Takes Form, 1789–1800

OPENING VIGNETTE: Brilliant and brash, Alexander Hamilton becomes a polarizing figure in the 1790s

The Search for Stability

BEYOND AMERICA’S BORDERS: France, Britain, and Woman’s Rights in the 1790s

Hamilton’s Economic Policies

GLOBAL COMPARISON: National Census Taking Worldwide

HISTORICAL QUESTION: How Did Washington, D.C., Become the Federal Capital?

Conflicts West, East, and South

Federalists and Republicans

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: The Crisis of 1798: Sedition

Conclusion: Parties Nonetheless

10. Republicans in Power, 1800–1824

OPENING VIGNETTE: The Shawnee chief Tecumseh attempts to forge a pan–Indian confederacy

Jefferson’s Presidency

HISTORICAL QUESTION: How Could a Vice President Get Away with Murder?

The Madisons in the White House

THE PROMISE OF TECHNOLOGY: Stoves Transform Cooking

Women’s Status in the Early Republic

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: One Woman’s Quest to Provide Higher Education for Women

Monroe and Adams

Conclusion: Republican Simplicity Becomes Complex