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9780312663148

The American Promise, Volume II: Since 1865 A History of the United States

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  • ISBN13:

    9780312663148

  • ISBN10:

    0312663145

  • Edition: 5th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2012-01-09
  • Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

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Summary

The American Promiseappeals to all types of students and provides the right resources and tools to support any classroom environment. A clear political framework supports a vibrant social and cultural story that embraces the voices of hundreds of Americans from presidents to pipefitters and sharecroppers to suffragettes who help students connect with history and grasp important concepts. Now in its fifth edition, The American Promisedoes even more to increase historical analysis skills and facilitate active learning, and its robust array of multimedia supplements make it the perfect choice for traditional face-to-face classrooms, hybrid courses, and distance learning.

Author Biography

JAMES L. ROARK
Born in Eunice, Louisiana, and raised in the West, James L. Roark received his B.A. from the University of California, Davis, and his Ph.D. from Stanford University. His dissertation won the Allan Nevins Prize. Since 1983, he has taught at Emory University, where he is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of American History. In 1993, he received the Emory Williams Distinguished Teaching Award, and in 2001–2002 he was Pitt Professor of American Institutions at Cambridge University. He has written Masters without Slaves: Southern Planters in the Civil War and Reconstruction (1977). With Michael P. Johnson, he is author of Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South (1984) and editor of No Chariot Let Down: Charleston’s Free People of Color on the Eve of the Civil War (1984).
 
MICHAEL P. JOHNSON
Born and raised in Ponca City, Oklahoma, Michael P. Johnson studied at Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, where he received a B.A., and at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, where he earned  his Ph.D.  He is currently professor of history at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. He is the author, co-author, or editor of six books, including Reading the American Past, the documents reader designed to accompany The American Promise.  His research has been honored with fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanties, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavoral Sciences, and the Huntington Library, and with prizes from the Organization of American Historians and the Omohundro Insttute of Early American History and Culture.  He is also the recipient of university prizes for outstanding undergraduate teaching.
 
PATRICIA CLINE COHEN
Born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and raised in Palo Alto, California, Patricia Cline Cohen earned a B.A. at the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1976, she joined the history faculty at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 2005–2006 she received the university’s Distinguished Teaching Award. Cohen has written A Calculating People: The Spread of Numeracy in Early America (1982; reissued 1999) and The Murder of Helen Jewett: The Life and Death of a Prostitute in Nineteenth-Century New York (1998). She is coauthor of The Flash Press: Sporting Male Weeklies in 1840s New York (2008). In 2001–2002 she was the Distinguished Senior Mellon Fellow at the American Antiquarian Society.
 
SARAH STAGE
Sarah Stage was born in Davenport, Iowa, and received a B.A. from the University of Iowa and a Ph.D. in American Studies from Yale University. She has taught U.S. history for more than twenty-five years at Williams College and the University of California, Riverside. Currently she is professor of Women’s Studies at Arizona State University at the West campus in Phoenix. Her books include Female Complaints: Lydia Pinkham and the Business of Women’s Medicine (1979) and Rethinking Home Economics: Women and the History of a Profession (1997). She recently returned from China where she had an appointment as visiting scholar at Peking University and Sichuan University.
 
SUSAN M. HARTMANN
Susan M. Hartmann received her B.A. from Washington University and her Ph.D. from the University of Missouri. A specialist in modern U.S. history and women’s history, she has published many articles and four books: Truman and the 80th Congress (1971); The Home Front and Beyond: American Women in the 1940s (1982); From Margin to Mainstream: American Women and Politics since 1960 (1989); and The Other Feminists: Activists in the Liberal Establishment (1998). She is currently Arts and Humanities Distinguished Professor of History at Ohio State University and recently was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

Table of Contents

16. Reconstruction, 1863-1877

Wartime Reconstruction

     "To Bind Up the Nation's Wounds"

     Land and Labor

     The African American Quest for Autonomy

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "The Meaning of Freedom"

Presidential Reconstruction

     Johnson's Program of Reconciliation

     White Southern Resistance and Black Codes

     Expansion of Federal Authority and Black Rights

Congressional Reconstruction

     The Fourteenth Amendment and Escalating Violence

     Radical Reconstruction and Military Rule

     Impeaching a President

     The Fifteenth Amendment and Women's Demands

The Struggle in the South

     Freedmen, Yankees, and Yeomen

     Republican Rule

     White Landlords, Black Sharecroppers

HISTORICAL QUESTION: "What Did the Ku Klux Klan Really Want?"

VISUALIZING HISTORY: "A Post-Slavery Encounter"

Reconstruction Collapses

     Grant's Troubled Presidency

     Northern Resolve Withers

     White Supremacy Triumphs

     An Election and a Compromise

Conclusion: "A Revolution But Half Accomplished"

 

17. The Contested West, 1865-1900

Conquest and Empire in the West

     Indian Removal and the Reservation System

     The Decimation of the Great Bison Herds

     Indian Wars and the Collapse of Comancher’a

     The Fight for the Black Hills

BEYOND AMERICA'S BORDERS: "Imperialism, Colonialism, and the Treatment of the Sioux and the Zulu"

Forced Assimilation and Resistance Strategies

     Indian Schools and the War against Indian Culture

     The Dawes Act and Indian Land Allotment

     Indian Resistance and Survival

Gold Fever and the Mining West

     Mining on the Comstock Lode

     The Diverse Peoples of the West

     Territorial Government

Land Fever

     Moving West: Homesteaders and Speculators

     Ranchers and Cowboys

     Tenants, Sharecroppers, and Migrants

     Commercial Farming and Industrial Cowboys

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Young Women Homesteaders and the Promise of the West"

Conclusion: The West in the Gilded Age

 

18. Business and Politics in the Gilded Age, 1865-1900

Old Industries Transformed, New Industries Born

     Railroads: America's First Big Business

     Andrew Carnegie, Steel, and Vertical Integration

     John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil, and the Trust

     New Inventions: The Telephone and Electricity

VISUALIZING HISTORY: "The Vanderbilts and the Gilded Age"

From Competition to Consolidation

     J. P. Morgan and Finance Capitalism

     Social Darwinism, Laissez-Faire, and the Supreme Court

HISTORICAL QUESTION: "Social Darwinism: Did Wealthy Industrialists Practice What They Preached?"

Politics and Culture

     Political Participation and Party Loyalty

     Sectionalism and the New South

     Gender, Race, and Politics

     Women's Activism

Presidential Politics

     Corruption and Party Strife

     Garfield's Assassination and Civil Service Reform

     Reform and Scandal: The Campaign of 1884

Economic Issues and Party Realignment

     The Tariff and the Politics of Protection

     Railroads, Trusts, and the Federal Government

     The Fight for Free Silver

     Panic and Depression

Conclusion: Business Dominates an Era

 

19. The City and Its Workers, 1870-1900

The Rise of the City

     The Urban Explosion: A Global Migration

     Racism and the Cry for Immigration Restriction

     The Social Geography of the City

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Seeking Refuge: Russian Jews Escape the Pogroms"

At Work in Industrial America

     America's Diverse Workers

     The Family Economy: Women and Children

     White-Collar Workers: Managers, "Typewriters," and Salesclerks

Workers Organize

     The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

     The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor

     Haymarket and the Specter of Labor Radicalism

At Home and at Play

     Domesticity and "Domestics"

     Cheap Amusements

City Growth and City Government

     Building Cities of Stone and Steel

     City Government and the "Bosses"

     White City or City of Sin?

BEYOND AMERICA'S BORDERS: "The World's Columbian Exposition and Nineteenth-Century World's Fairs"

Conclusion: Who Built the Cities?

 

20. Dissent, Depression, and War, 1890-1900

The Farmers' Revolt

     The Farmers' Alliance

     The Populist Movement

The Labor Wars

     The Homestead Lockout

     The Cripple Creek Miners' Strike of 1894

     Eugene V. Debs and the Pullman Strike

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "The Press and the Pullman Strike: Framing Class Conflict"

Women's Activism

     Frances Willard and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union

     Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and the Movement for Woman Suffrage

Depression Politics

     Coxey's Army

     The People's Party and the Election of 1896

The United States and the World

     Markets and Missionaries

     The Monroe Doctrine and the Open Door Policy

     "A Splendid Little War"

     The Debate over American Imperialism

BEYOND AMERICA'S BORDERS: "Regime Change in Hawai'i"

HISTORICAL QUESTION: "Did Terrorists Sink the Maine?"

Conclusion: Rallying around the Flag

 

21. Progressivism from the Grass Roots to the White House, 1890-1916

Grassroots Progressivism

     Civilizing the City

     Progressives and the Working Class

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Making the Workplace Safer: Alice Hamilton Explores the Dangerous Trades"

Progressivism: Theory and Practice

     Reform Darwinism and Social Engineering

     Progressive Government: City and State

Progressivism Finds a President: Theodore Roosevelt

     The Square Deal

     Roosevelt the Reformer

     Roosevelt and Conservation

     The Big Stick

     The Troubled Presidency of William Howard Taft

VISUALIZING HISTORY: "The Birth of Photojournalism"

HISTORICAL QUESTION: "Progressives and Conservation: Should Hetch Hetchy Be Dammed or Saved?"

Woodrow Wilson and Progressivism at High Tide

     Progressive Insurgency and the Election of 1912

     Wilson's Reforms: Tariff, Banking, and the Trusts

     Wilson, Reluctant Progressive

The Limits of Progressive Reform

     Radical Alternatives

     Progressivism for White Men Only

Conclusion: The Transformation of the Liberal State

 

22. World War I: The Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad, 1914-1920

Woodrow Wilson and the World

     Taming the Americas

     The European Crisis

     The Ordeal of American Neutrality

    The United States Enters the War

"Over There"

     The Call to Arms

     The War in France

The Crusade for Democracy at Home

     The Progressive Stake in the War

     Women, War, and the Battle for Suffrage

     Rally around the Flag — or Else

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Seeking to Serve: An American Woman in Wartime France"

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "The Final Push for Woman Suffrage"

A Compromised Peace

     Wilson's Fourteen Points

     The Paris Peace Conference

     The Fight for the Treaty

Democracy at Risk

     Economic Hardship and Labor Upheaval

     The Red Scare

     The Great Migrations of African Americans and Mexicans

     Postwar Politics and the Election of 1920

BEYOND AMERICA'S BORDERS: "Bolshevism"

Conclusion: Troubled Crusade

 

23. From New Era to Great Depression, 1920-1932

The New Era

     A Business Government

     Promoting Prosperity and Peace Abroad

     Automobiles, Mass Production, and Assembly-Line Progress

     Consumer Culture

The Roaring Twenties

     Prohibition

     The New Woman

     The New Negro

     Entertainment for the Masses

     The Lost Generation

VISUALIZING HISTORY: "Advertising in a Consumer Age"

HISTORICAL QUESTION: "Was There a Sexual Revolution in the 1920s?"

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "The Quest for Home Ownership in Segregated Detroit"

Resistance to Change

     Rejecting the Undesirables

    The Rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan

     The Scopes Trial

     Al Smith and the Election of 1928

The Great Crash

     Herbert Hoover: The Great Engineer

     The Distorted Economy

     The Crash of 1929

     Hoover and the Limits of Individualism

Life in the Depression

     The Human Toll

     Denial and Escape

     Working-Class Militancy

Conclusion: Dazzle and Despair

 

24. The New Deal Experiment, 1932-1939

Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Patrician in Government

     The Making of a Politician

     The Election of 1932

BEYOND AMERICA'S BORDERS: "Fascism: Adolf Hitler and National Socialism"

Launching the New Deal

     The New Dealers

     Banking and Finance Reform

     Relief and Conservation Programs

     Agricultural Initiatives

     Industrial Recovery

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Textile Workers Strike for Better Wages and Working Conditions"

Challenges to the New Deal

     Resistance to Business Reform

     Casualties in the Countryside

     Politics on the Fringes

Toward a Welfare State

     Relief for the Unemployed

     Empowering Labor

     Social Security and Tax Reform

     Neglected Americans and the New Deal

The New Deal from Victory to Deadlock

     The Election of 1936

     Court Packing

     Reaction and Recession

     The Last of the New Deal Reforms

Conclusion: Achievements and Limitations of the New Deal

 

25. The United States and the Second World War, 1939-1945

Peacetime Dilemmas

     Roosevelt and Reluctant Isolation

     The Good Neighbor Policy

     The Price of Noninvolvement

The Onset of War

     Nazi Aggression and War in Europe

     From Neutrality to the Arsenal of Democracy

     Japan Attacks America

Mobilizing for War

     Home-Front Security

     Building a Citizen Army

     Conversion to a War Economy

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Japanese Internment"

Fighting Back

     Turning the Tide in the Pacific

     The Campaign in Europe

The Wartime Home Front

     Women and Families, Guns and Butter

     The Double V Campaign

     Wartime Politics and the 1944 Election

     Reaction to the Holocaust

BEYOND AMERICA'S BORDERS: Nazi Anti-Semitism and the Atomic Bomb"

Toward Unconditional Surrender

     From Bombing Raids to Berlin

     The Defeat of Japan

    Atomic Warfare

HISTORICAL QUESTION: "Why Did the Allies Win World War II?"

Conclusion: Allied Victory and America's Emergence as a Superpower

 

26. Cold War Politics in the Truman Years, 1945-1953

From the Grand Alliance to Containment

     The Cold War Begins

     The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

     Building a National Security State

     Superpower Rivalry around the Globe

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "The Emerging Cold War"

Truman and the Fair Deal at Home

     Reconverting to a Peacetime Economy

     Blacks and Mexican Americans Push for Their Civil Rights

     The Fair Deal Flounders

     The Domestic Chill: McCarthyism

HISTORICAL QUESTION: "What Happened to Rosie the Riveter?"

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "An Immigrant Scientist Encounters the Anti-Communist Crusade"

The Cold War Becomes Hot: Korea

     Korea and the Military Implementation of Containment

     From Containment to Rollback to Containment

     Korea, Communism, and the 1952 Election

     An Armistice and the War's Costs

Conclusion: The Cold War's Costs and Consequences

 

27. The Politics and Culture of Abundance, 1952-1960

Eisenhower and the Politics of the "Middle Way"

     Modern Republicanism

     Termination and Relocation of Native Americans

     The 1956 Election and the Second Term

Liberation Rhetoric and the Practice of Containment

     The "New Look" in Foreign Policy

     Applying Containment to Vietnam

     Interventions in Latin America and the Middle East

     The Nuclear Arms Race

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Operation Pedro Pan: Young Political Refugees Take Flight"

New Work and Living Patterns in an Economy of Abundance

     Technology Transforms Agriculture and Industry

     Burgeoning Suburbs and Declining Cities

     The Rise of the Sun Belt

     The Democratization of Higher Education

The Culture of Abundance

     Consumption Rules the Day

     The Revival of Domesticity and Religion

     Television Transforms Culture and Politics

     Countercurrents

The Emergence of a Civil Rights Movement

     African Americans Challenge the Supreme Court and the President

     Montgomery and Mass Protes

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "The Brown Decision"

Conclusion: Peace and Prosperity Mask Unmet Challenges

 

28. Reform, Rebellion, and Reaction, 1960-1974

Liberalism at High Tide

     The Unrealized Promise of Kennedy's New Frontier

     Johnson Fulfills the Kennedy Promise

     Policymaking for a Great Society

     Assessing the Great Society

     The Judicial Revolution

The Second Reconstruction

     The Flowering of the Black Freedom Struggle

     The Response in Washington

     Black Power and Urban Rebellions

A Multitude of Movements

     Native American Protest

     Latino Struggles for Justice

     Student Rebellion, the New Left, and the Counterculture

     Gay Men and Lesbians Organize

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Student Protest"

VISUALIZING HISTORY: "Anti-Establishment Clothing"

The New Wave of Feminism

     A Multifaceted Movement Emerges

     Feminist Gains Spark a Countermovement

BEYOND AMERICA'S BORDERS: "Transnational Feminisms"

Liberal Reform in the Nixon Administration

     Extending the Welfare State and Regulating the Economy

     Responding to Environmental Concerns

     Expanding Social Justice

Conclusion: Achievements and Limitations of Liberalism

 

29. Vietnam and the End of the Cold War Consensus, 1961-1975

New Frontiers in Foreign Policy

     Meeting the "Hour of Maximum Danger"

     New Approaches to the Third World

     The Arms Race and the Nuclear Brink

     A Growing War in Vietnam

Lyndon Johnson's War against Communism

     An All-Out Commitment in Vietnam

     Preventing Another Castro in Latin America

     The Americanized War

     Those Who Served

A Nation Polarized

     The Widening War at Home

     The Tet Offensive and Johnson's Move toward Peace

     The Tumultuous Election of 1968

BEYOND AMERICA'S BORDERS: "1968: A Year of Protest"

Nixon, Deetente, and the Search for Peace in Vietnam

     Moving toward Detente with the Soviet Union and China

     Shoring Up U.S. Interests around the World

     Vietnam Becomes Nixon's War

     The Peace Accords

     The Legacy of Defeat

SEEKNG THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "From the Fall of Saigon to the House of Representatives"

Conclusion: An Unwinnable War

 

30. America Moves to the Right, 1969-1989

Nixon, Conservatism, and Constitutional Crisis

     Emergence of a Grassroots Movement

     Nixon Courts the Right

     The Election of 1972

     Watergate

     The Ford Presidency and the 1976 Election

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "A Mother Campaigns for a Say in Her Children's Education"

The "Outsider" Presidency of Jimmy Carter

     Retreat from Liberalism

     Energy and Environmental Reform

     Promoting Human Rights Abroad

     The Cold War Intensifies

Ronald Reagan and the Conservative Ascendancy

     Appealing to the New Right and Beyond

     Unleashing Free Enterprise

     Winners and Losers in a Flourishing Economy

Continuing Struggles over Rights

     Battles in the Courts and Congress

     Feminism on the Defensive

     The Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement

HISTORICAL QUESTION: "Why Did the ERA Fail?"

Ronald Reagan Confronts an "Evil Empire"

     Militarization and Interventions Abroad

     The Iran-Contra Scandal

     A Thaw in Soviet-American Relations

DOCUMENTING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Protecting Gay and Lesbian Rights"

Conclusion: Reversing the Course of Government

 

31. The Promises and Challenges of Globalization, Since 1989

Domestic Stalemate and Global Upheaval: The Presidency of George H. W. Bush

     Gridlock in Government

     Going to War in Central America and the Persian Gulf

     The Cold War Ends

     The 1992 Election

SEEKING THE AMERICAN PROMISE: "Suing for Access: Disability and the Courts"

The Clinton Administration's Search for the Middle Ground

     Clinton's Reforms

     Accommodating the Right

     Impeaching the President

     The Booming Economy of the 1990s

The United States in a Globalizing World

     Defining America's Place in a New World Order

     Debates over Globalization

     The Internationalization of the United States

BEYOND AMERICA'S BORDERS: "Jobs in a Globalizing Era"

President George W. Bush: Conservatism at Home and Radical Initiatives Abroad

     The Disputed Election of 2000

     The Domestic Policies of a "Compassionate Conservative"

     The Globalization of Terrorism

     Unilateralism, Preemption, and the Iraq War

The Obama Presidency: Reform and Backlash

VISUALIZING HISTORY: "Caricaturing the Candidates: Clinton and Obama in 2008"

Conclusion: Defining the Government's Role at Home and Abroad

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