The American Spirit: United States History As Seen by Contemporaries; Since 1865

by Kennedy, David M.; Bailey, Thomas

• ISBN13: 9780618508686
• ISBN10: 0618508686
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-09-08
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This detailed primary source reader focuses on political, diplomatic, and social history, presenting documents that include travel literature, religious sermons, newspaper articles, court testimony, and diary entries. An ideal companion to THE AMERICAN PAGEANT, this reader can be used with any U.S. history survey text.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxii
The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865--1877	1	(38)
The Status of the South	1	(8)
Black Leaders Express Their Views (1865)	1	(3)
Carl Schurz Reports Southern Defiance (1865)	4	(2)
General Ulysses S. Grant Is Optimistic (1865)	6	(1)
The Former Slaves Confront Freedom (1901)	6	(3)
Emancipation Violence in Texas (c. 1865)	9	(1)
The Debate on Reconstruction Policy	9	(8)
Southern Blacks Ask for Help (1865)	9	(1)
The White South Asks for Unconditional Reintegration into the Union (1866)	10	(2)
The Radical Republicans Take a Hard Line (1866)	12	(1)
President Andrew Johnson Tries to Restrain Congress (1867)	13	(3)
The Controversy over the Fifteenth Amendment (1866, 1870)	16	(1)
Impeaching the President	17	(3)
Johnson's Cleveland Speech (1866)	17	(2)
Senator Lyman Trumbull Defends Johnson (1868)	19	(1)
``Black Reconstruction''	20	(6)
Thaddeus Stevens Demands Black Suffrage (1867)	20	(1)
Black and White Legislatures (c. 1876)	21	(2)
W. E. B. Du Bois Justifies Black Legislators (1910)	23	(1)
Benjamin Tillman's Antiblack Tirade (1907)	24	(2)
The Ku Klux Klan's Reign of Terror	26	(7)
Alfred Richardson Testifies About Reconstruction-Era Georgia (1871)	26	(3)
Maria Carter Describes an Encounter with the Klan (1871)	29	(2)
Henry Lowther Falls Victim to the Klan (1871)	31	(2)
The Legacy of Reconstruction	33	(6)
Editor E. L. Godkin Grieves (1871)	33	(2)
Frederick Douglass Complains (1882)	35	(1)
Booker T. Washington Reflects (1901)	36	(3)
Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869--1896	39	(27)
The South After Reconstruction	40	(4)
Rutherford B. Hayes Believes Himself Defrauded (1876)	40	(1)
Zachariah Chandler Assails the Solid South (1879)	41	(1)
Reconstruction and Redemption (1882)	42	(2)
Race Divides the South	44	(8)
A Southern Senator Defends Jim Crow (1900)	44	(1)
A Spokesman for the ``New South'' Describes Race Relations in the 1880s (1889)	45	(3)
An African American Minister Answers Henry Grady (1890)	48	(1)
Booker T. Washington Portrays the Plight of Black Tenant Farmers (1889)	49	(2)
A Southern Black Woman Reflects on the Jim Crow System (1902)	51	(1)
The Populist Crusade in the South	52	(6)
Tom Watson Supports a Black-White Political Alliance (1892)	52	(3)
A Black-Alliance Man Urges Interracial Cooperation (1891)	55	(1)
The Wilmington Massacre (1898)	56	(2)
The Spread of Segregation	58	(3)
The Supreme Court Declares That Separate Is Equal (1896)	58	(2)
A Justice of the Peace Denies Justice (1939)	60	(1)
Cleveland and the Tariff	61	(5)
Cleveland Pleads for Tariff Reduction (1885)	61	(1)
Philadelphians Criticize Cleveland (1887)	62	(1)
The New York Times Acclaims Courage (1887)	63	(1)
A Cartoonist Criticizes the Tariff (1884)	64	(2)
Industry Comes of Age, 1865--1900	66	(32)
The Problem of the Railroads	66	(4)
A Defense of Long-Haul Rates (1885)	66	(1)
Railroad President Sidney Dillon Supports Stock Watering (1891)	67	(2)
General James B. Weaver Deplores Stock Watering (1892)	69	(1)
The Trust and Monopoly	70	(3)
John D. Rockefeller Justifies Rebates (1909)	70	(1)
An Oil Man Goes Bankrupt (1899)	71	(1)
Weaver Attacks the Trusts (1892)	72	(1)
The New Philosophy of Materialism	73	(4)
Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth (1889)	73	(2)
The Nation Challenges Carnegie (1901)	75	(1)
Russell Conwell Deifies the Dollar (c. 1900)	76	(1)
The Rise of the New South	77	(5)
Henry Grady Issues a Challenge (1889)	77	(1)
A Yankee Visits the New South (1887)	78	(2)
Life in a Southern Mill (1910)	80	(2)
Labor in Industrial America	82	(12)
In Praise of Mechanization (1897)	82	(3)
A Tailor Testifies (1883)	85	(2)
The Life of a Sweatshop Girl (1902)	87	(2)
The Knights of Labor Champion Reform (1887)	89	(2)
Samuel Gompers Condemns the Knights (c. 1886)	91	(1)
Capital Versus Labor (1871)	92	(2)
The Environmental Impact of Industrialization	94	(4)
Upton Sinclair Describes the Chicago Stockyards (1906)	94	(1)
An Engineer Describes Smoke Pollution (1911)	95	(3)
America Moves to the City, 1865--1900	98	(32)
The Lures and Liabilities of City Life	98	(7)
Frederick Law Olmsted Applauds the City's Attractions (1871)	98	(2)
Sister Carrie Is Bedazzled by Chicago (1900)	100	(2)
Cleaning Up New York (1897)	102	(1)
Jacob Riis Goes Slumming (1890)	103	(2)
The New Immigration	105	(9)
Mary Antin Praises America (1894)	105	(1)
The American Protective Association Hates Catholics (1893)	106	(1)
Henry Cabot Lodge Urges a Literacy Test (1896)	107	(1)
President Cleveland Vetoes a Literacy Test (1897)	108	(1)
Four Views of the Statue of Liberty (1881,1885, 1886)	109	(5)
The Church on the Defensive	114	(3)
The Shock of Darwinism (1896)	114	(1)
Henry Ward Beecher Accepts Evolution (1885)	115	(2)
The Anti-Saloon Crusade	117	(2)
Frances Willard Prays in a Saloon (1874)	117	(1)
Samuel Gompers Defends the Saloon (c. 1886)	118	(1)
The Changing Role of Women	119	(11)
Victoria Woodhull Advocates Free Love (1871)	119	(2)
The Life of a Working Girl (1905)	121	(3)
An Italian Immigrant Woman Faces Life Alone in the Big City (c. 1896)	124	(2)
Jane Addams Demands the Vote for Women (1910)	126	(4)
The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865--1890	130	(41)
The Plight of the Indian	130	(14)
The U.S. Army Negotiates a Treaty With the Sioux (1868)	130	(3)
Harpers Weekly Decries the Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876)	133	(2)
She Walks with Her Shawl Remembers the Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876)	135	(2)
Chief Joseph's Lament (1879)	137	(1)
Theodore Roosevelt Downgrades the Indians (1885)	138	(2)
Carl Schurz Proposes to ``Civilize'' the Indians (1881)	140	(2)
A Native American Tries to Walk the White Man's Road (1890s)	142	(2)
The Crusade for Free Homesteads	144	(3)
``Vote Yourself a Farm'' (1846)	144	(1)
A Texan Scorns Futile Charity (1852)	144	(1)
President James Buchanan Kills a Homestead Bill (1860)	145	(2)
Life on the Frontier	147	(9)
Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way (1868)	147	(1)
A Pioneer Woman Describes the Overland Trail (1862)	148	(2)
Opening Montana (1867)	150	(3)
Sodbusters in Kansas (1877)	153	(1)
John Wesley Powell Reports on the ``Arid Region'' (1879)	154	(2)
The Farmers' Protest Movement	156	(5)
An Iowan Assesses Discontent (1893)	156	(1)
Mrs. Mary Lease Raises More Hell (c. 1890)	157	(1)
William Allen White Attacks the Populists (1896)	158	(3)
The Pullman Strike	161	(3)
A Populist Condemns George Pullman (1894)	161	(1)
Pullman Defends His Company (1894)	162	(1)
Starvation at Pullman (1894)	163	(1)
The Free-Silver Mirage	164	(7)
Coin's Financial School (1894)	164	(1)
William Jennings Bryan's Cross of Gold (1896)	165	(2)
The ``Anarchists'' Lose Out (1896)	167	(1)
Bryan's Afterthoughts (1896)	168	(1)
The London Standard Rejoices (1896)	169	(2)
Empire and Expansion, 1890--1909	171	(20)
Yellow Journalism in Flower	172	(2)
Joseph Pulitzer Demands Intervention (1897)	172	(1)
William Randolph Hearst Stages a Rescue (1897)	173	(1)
The Declaration of War	174	(3)
President McKinley Submits a War Message (1898)	174	(2)
Professor Charles Eliot Norton's Patriotic Protest (1898)	176	(1)
The Debate Over Imperialism	177	(5)
Albert Beveridge Trumpets Imperialism (1898)	177	(1)
Professor William Sumner Spurns Empire (1898)	178	(2)
William Jennings Bryan Vents His Bitterness (1901)	180	(1)
The Nation Denounces Atrocities (1902)	181	(1)
The Panama Revolution	182	(3)
John Hay Twists Colombia's Arm (1903)	182	(1)
Theodore Roosevelt Hopes for Revolt (1903)	182	(1)
Official Connivance in Washington (1903)	183	(2)
The Monroe Doctrine in the Caribbean	185	(3)
Roosevelt Launches a Corollary (1904)	185	(1)
A Latin American Protests (1943)	186	(2)
Roosevelt and Japan	188	(3)
President Roosevelt Anticipates Trouble (1905)	188	(1)
Japan Resents Discrimination (1906)	189	(1)
The Gentleman's Agreement (1908)	189	(2)
Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt, 1901--1912	191	(31)
The Heyday of Muckraking	191	(3)
Exposing the Meatpackers (1906)	191	(2)
Theodore Roosevelt Roasts Muckrakers (1906)	193	(1)
Corruption in the Cities	194	(4)
Lincoln Steffens Bares Philadelphia Bossism (1904)	194	(3)
George Washington Plunkitt Defends ``Honest Graft'' (1905)	197	(1)
The Plight of Labor	198	(8)
From the Depths (1906)	198	(2)
George Baer's Divine Right of Plutocrats (1902)	200	(1)
Child Labor in the Coal Mines (1906)	200	(2)
Sweatshop Hours for Bakers (1905)	202	(1)
The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire Claims 146 Lives (1911)	203	(3)
The Conservation Crusade	206	(8)
Roosevelt Defends the Forests (1903)	206	(2)
The West Protests Conservation (1907)	208	(1)
Gifford Pinchot Advocates Damming the Hetch Hetchy Valley (1913)	209	(2)
John Muir Damns the Hetch Hetchy Dam (1912)	211	(1)
``Beauty as Against Use'' (1920s)	212	(2)
The Crusade for Woman Suffrage	214	(8)
Senator Robert Owen Supports Women (1910)	214	(1)
A Woman Assails Woman Suffrage (1910)	215	(3)
Images of the Suffrage Campaign (1900--1915)	218	(4)
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad, 1912--1916	222	(17)
The Election of 1912	222	(4)
Theodore Roosevelt Proposes Government Regulation (1912)	222	(2)
Woodrow Wilson Asks for ``a Free Field and No Favor'' (1912)	224	(2)
Campaigning for Monetary Reform	226	(4)
Louis Brandeis Indicts Interlocking Directorates (1914)	226	(1)
J.P. Morgan Denies a Money Trust (1913)	227	(1)
William McAdoo Exposes the Bankers (c. 1913)	228	(2)
Moral Meddling in Mexico	230	(4)
Wilson Asks for War on General Huerta (1914)	230	(2)
A Republican Assails ``Watchful Waiting'' (1916)	232	(2)
Acquiescing in the British Blockade	234	(5)
Lord Bryce's Propaganda Report (1915)	234	(1)
Walter Page Plays Britain's Game (c. 1915)	235	(1)
Robert Lansing's Pro-Ally Tactics (c. 1916)	236	(3)
The War to End War, 1917-1918	239	(26)
War with Germany	239	(3)
President Wilson Breaks Diplomatic Relations (1917)	239	(2)
Representative Claude Kitchin Assails the War Resolution (1917)	241	(1)
The War for the American Mind	242	(5)
Un-Christlike Preachers (1918)	242	(1)
Abusing the Pro-Germans (1918)	243	(1)
Robert La Follette Demands His Rights (1917)	244	(2)
Zechariah Chafee Upholds Free Speech (1919)	246	(1)
The Propaganda Front	247	(6)
George Creel Spreads Fear Propaganda (c. 1918)	247	(1)
Woodrow Wilson Versus Theodore Roosevelt on the Fourteen Points (1918)	248	(5)
The Face of War	253	(5)
General John Pershing Defines American Fighting Tactics (1917-1918)	253	(3)
A ``Doughboy'' Describes the Fighting Front (1918)	256	(2)
The Struggle over the Peace Treaty	258	(7)
The Text of Article X (1919)	258	(1)
Wilson Testifies for Article X (1919)	259	(1)
The Lodge-Hitchcock Reservations (1919)	260	(1)
The Aborted Lodge Compromise (1919)	261	(1)
Wilson Defeats Henry Cabot Lodge's Reservations (1919)	262	(1)
Lodge Blames Wilson (1919)	263	(2)
American Life in the ``Roaring Twenties,'' 1919-1929	265	(25)
The Great Immigration Debate	265	(10)
Theodore Roosevelt Preaches ``Americanism'' (1915)	265	(1)
Randolph Bourne Defends Cultural Pluralism (1916)	266	(2)
The World's Work Favors Restrictive Quotas (1924)	268	(2)
The New Republic Opposes Racialized Quotas (1924)	270	(1)
Samuel Gompers Favors Restriction (1924)	271	(3)
Two Views of Immigration Restriction (1921, 1924)	274	(1)
The Reconstituted Ku Klux Klan	275	(2)
Tar-Bucket Terror in Texas (1921)	275	(1)
A Methodist Editor Clears the Klan (1923)	276	(1)
The Wets Versus the Drys	277	(4)
A German Observes Bootlegging (1928)	277	(1)
Fiorello La Guardia Pillories Prohibition (1926)	278	(1)
The WCTU Upholds Prohibition (1926)	279	(2)
New Goals for Women	281	(9)
Margaret Sanger Campaigns for Birth Control (1920)	281	(2)
The Lynds Discover Changes in the Middle-American Home (1929)	283	(3)
The Supreme Court Declares That Women Are Different from Men (1908)	286	(2)
The Supreme Court Declares That Men and Women Are Equal (1923)	288	(2)
The Politics of Boom and Bust, 1920-1932	290	(16)
Warren Harding and the Washington Conference	290	(3)
President Harding Hates His Job (c. 1922)	290	(1)
William Randolph Hearst Blasts Disarmament at Washington (1922)	291	(1)
Japan Resents the Washington Setback (1922)	292	(1)
The Depression Descends	293	(4)
The Plague of Plenty (1932)	293	(2)
Distress in the South (1932)	295	(1)
Rumbles of Revolution (1932)	296	(1)
Herbert Hoover Clashes with Franklin Roosevelt	297	(6)
On Public Versus Private Power (1932)	297	(2)
On Government in Business (1932)	299	(1)
On Balancing the Budget (1932)	300	(2)
On Restricted Opportunity (1932)	302	(1)
An Appraisal of Hoover	303	(3)
Hoover Defends His Record (1932)	303	(1)
Roosevelt Indicts Hoover (1932)	304	(2)
The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1933-1938	306	(35)
The Face of the Great Depression	307	(5)
Cesar Chavez Gets Tractored off the Land (1936)	307	(1)
A Salesman Goes on Relief (1930s)	308	(2)
A Boy in Chicago Writes to President Roosevelt (1936)	310	(1)
Hard Times in a North Carolina Cotton Mill (1938-1939)	311	(1)
An Enigma in the White House	312	(3)
The Agreeable FDR (1949)	312	(1)
Coffee for the Veterans (1933)	313	(1)
FDR the Administrative ``Artist'' (1948)	314	(1)
Voices of Protest	315	(7)
Senator Huey P. Long Wants Every Man to Be a King (1934)	315	(2)
Father Coughlin Demands ``Social Justice'' (1934, 1935)	317	(3)
Norman Thomas Proposes Socialism (1934)	320	(1)
Dr. Francis E. Townsend Promotes Old-Age Pensions (1933)	321	(1)
The Struggle to Organize Labor	322	(3)
Tom Girdler Girds for Battle (1937)	322	(2)
John Lewis Lambastes Girdler (1937)	324	(1)
Conservation in the New Deal	325	(9)
Backcountry Poets Reflect on the Civilian Conservation Corps (1934, 1935)	325	(1)
A Daughter of the Plains Struggles with Dust Storms (1934)	326	(2)
Franklin Roosevelt Creates the Tennessee Valley Authority (1933)	328	(1)
Roosevelt Promotes Natural Resources Planning (1935)	329	(2)
Roosevelt Dedicates Boulder (Hoover) Dam (1935)	331	(3)
The Supreme Court Fight and After	334	(7)
Harold Ickes Defends His Chief (1937)	334	(1)
Dorothy Thompson Dissents (1937)	335	(1)
Republicans Roast Roosevelt (1940)	336	(1)
Assessing the New Deal (1935, 1936)	337	(4)
Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War, 1933-1941	341	(24)
The Struggle Against Isolationism	341	(7)
Two Views of Isolationism (1936, 1938)	341	(2)
Roosevelt Pleads for Repeal of the Arms Embargo (1939)	343	(1)
Senator Arthur Vandenberg Fights Repeal (1939)	344	(1)
Charles Lindbergh Argues for Isolation (1941)	345	(2)
The New York Times Rejects Isolationism (1941)	347	(1)
The Lend-Lease Controversy	348	(4)
FDR Drops the Dollar Sign (1940)	348	(1)
Senator Burton Wheeler Assails Lend-Lease (1941)	349	(2)
William Randolph Hearst Denounces Aid to the Soviet Union (1941)	351	(1)
War in the Atlantic	352	(4)
Framing the Atlantic Charter (1941)	352	(1)
The Chicago Tribune Is Outraged (1941)	353	(1)
FDR Proclaims Shoot-on-Sight (1941)	354	(2)
Blowup in the Pacific	356	(3)
Harold Ickes Prepares to ``Raise Hell'' (1941)	356	(1)
Togo Blames the United States (1952)	357	(1)
Cordell Hull Justifies His Stand (1948)	358	(1)
The Blame for Pearl Harbor	359	(6)
War Warnings from Washington (1941)	359	(1)
Admiral H.E. Kimmel Defends Himself (1946)	360	(1)
Secretary Henry Stimson Charges Negligence (1946)	361	(2)
Franklin Roosevelt Awaits the Blow (1941)	363	(2)
America in World War II, 1941-1945	365	(24)
War and American Society	365	(9)
The War Transforms the Economy (1943)	364	(4)
A Japanese American Is Convicted (1943)	368	(2)
A Black American Ponders the War's Meaning (1942)	370	(2)
A Woman Remembers the War (1984)	372	(2)
The Second-Front Controversy	374	(8)
Eisenhower Urges the Earliest Possible Second Front (1942)	374	(1)
Churchill Explains to Stalin That There Will Be No Second Front in 1942 (1942)	375	(2)
Stalin Resents the Delay of the Second Front (1943)	377	(1)
Roosevelt and Stalin Meet Face-to-Face (1943)	378	(2)
Roosevelt Seeks to Mollify ``Uncle Joe'' (1943)	380	(2)
The ``Unconditional Surrender'' Controversy	382	(2)
Robert Sherwood Defends FDR (1948)	382	(1)
Cordell Hull Opposes Unconditional Surrender (1948)	383	(1)
Dropping the Atomic Bomb	384	(5)
Japan's Horrified Reaction (1945)	384	(2)
The Christian Century Deplores the Bombing (1945)	386	(1)
Harry Truman Justifies the Bombing (1945)	387	(2)
The Cold War Begins, 1945-1952	389	(41)
The New Shape of Postwar Society	390	(6)
Dr. Benjamin Spock Advises the Parents of the Baby-Boom Generation (1957)	390	(2)
A Working Mother Lauds the New ``Two-Income Family'' (1951)	392	(2)
The Move to Suburbia (1954)	394	(2)
The Yalta Agreements	396	(6)
Franklin Roosevelt ``Betrays'' China and Japan (1945)	396	(2)
The Freeman's Bill of Indictment (1953)	398	(2)
Secretary Edward Stettinius Defends Yalta (1949)	400	(2)
The Truman Doctrine	402	(9)
George Kennan Proposes Containment (1946)	402	(3)
Harry Truman Appeals to Congress (1947)	405	(1)
The Chicago Tribune Dissents (1947)	406	(2)
The World Through Soviet Eyes (1946)	408	(3)
The Marshall Plan	411	(4)
Secretary George Marshall Speaks at Harvard (1947)	411	(1)
Senator Arthur Vandenberg Is Favorable (1947, 1948)	412	(1)
Moscow's Misrepresentations (c. 1947)	413	(2)
The China Tangle	415	(3)
Secretary Dean Acheson Drops Jiang Jieshi (1949)	415	(1)
Senator Joseph McCarthy Blasts ``Traitors'' (1952)	416	(2)
The Korean Crisis and NSC-68	418	(7)
Senator Tom Connally Writes Off Korea (1950)	418	(1)
Truman Accepts the Korean Challenge (1950)	419	(1)
NSC-68 Offers a Blueprint for the Cold War (1950)	420	(3)
Secretary Acheson Defends NSC-68 (1969)	423	(2)
The Sacking of General Douglas MacArthur	425	(5)
Truman Asserts Civil Supremacy (1951)	425	(2)
MacArthur Calls for Victory (1951)	427	(1)
Truman Looks Beyond Victory (1951)	428	(2)
The Eisenhower Era, 1952-1960	430	(34)
A New Look in Foreign Policy	430	(4)
Secretary John Foster Dulles Warns of Massive Retaliation (1954)	430	(3)
President Eisenhower Calls for ``Open Skies'' (1955)	433	(1)
The McCarthy Hysteria	434	(7)
Joseph McCarthy Upholds Guilt by Association (1952)	434	(2)
A Senator Speaks Up (1950)	436	(1)
McCarthy Inspires Fear at Harvard (1954)	437	(2)
The Soviets ``Develop'' American Spies (1944)	439	(2)
The Supreme Court and the Black Revolution	441	(9)
The Court Rejects Segregation (1954)	441	(1)
One Hundred Representatives Dissent (1956)	442	(1)
Eisenhower Sends Federal Troops (1957)	443	(2)
The Arkansas Democrat Protests (1958)	445	(1)
A Black Newspaper Praises Courage (1958)	446	(1)
Martin Luther King, Jr., Asks for the Ballot (1957)	447	(3)
The Promise and Problems of a Consumer Society	450	(10)
The Editors of Fortune Celebrate American Affluence (1955)	450	(3)
John Kenneth Galbraith Criticizes the Affluent Society (1958)	453	(2)
Newton Minow Criticizes the ``Vast Wasteland'' of Television (1961)	455	(2)
Women's Career Prospects (1950)	457	(1)
Agnes Meyer Defends Women's Traditional Role (1950)	458	(2)
Eisenhower Says Farewell (1961)	460	(4)
The Stormy Sixties, 1960-1968	464	(47)
The Cuban Missile Crisis	464	(5)
President Kennedy Proclaims a ``Quarantine'' (1962)	464	(2)
Premier Khrushchev Proposes a Swap (1962)	466	(1)
Kennedy Advances a Solution (1962)	467	(1)
The Soviets Save Face (1962)	467	(2)
President Johnson's Great Society	469	(5)
Michael Harrington Discovers Another America (1962)	469	(2)
President Johnson Declares War on Poverty (1964)	471	(2)
War on the Antipoverty War (1964)	473	(1)
The Black Revolution Erupts	474	(17)
Rosa Parks Keeps Her Seat (1955)	474	(2)
Students Sit In for Equality (1960)	476	(2)
Riders for Freedom (1961)	478	(5)
Martin Luther King, Jr., Writes from a Birmingham Jail (1963)	483	(3)
President Johnson Supports Civil Rights (1965)	486	(3)
A Conservative Denounces Black Rioters (1965)	489	(2)
Vietnam Troubles	491	(11)
The Joint Chiefs of Staff Propose a Wider War (1964)	491	(2)
President Johnson Asserts His War Aims (1965)	493	(1)
The British Prime Minister Criticizes U.S. Bombing (1965)	494
Defense Secretary Robert McNamara Foresees a Stalemate (1965)	49	(447)
Secretary McNamara Opposes Further Escalation (1966)	496	(3)
The Soldiers' War (1966)	499	(2)
The Dilemma of Vietnam (1966)	501	(1)
The Politics of Protest in the 1960s	502	(9)
Students for a Democratic Society Issues a Manifesto (1962)	502	(2)
Young Americans for Freedom Makes a Statement (1960)	504	(1)
A War Protester Decides to Resist the Draft (1966)	505	(2)
Stewart Alsop Senses the End of an Era (1970)	507	(4)
The Stalemated Seventies, 1968-1980	511	(38)
Richard Nixon's Cambodian Coup	511	(6)
The President Defends His Incursion (1970)	511	(2)
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch Dissents (1970)	513	(2)
Henry Kissinger Dissects the Dissenters (1979)	515	(2)
Winding Down the Vietnam War	517	(7)
Nixon's Grand Plan in Foreign Policy (1968-1969)	517	(3)
Nixon's Address to the Nation (1973)	520	(1)
Canadians See Neither Peace nor Honor (1973)	521	(1)
The Expulsion from Vietnam (1975)	522	(2)
The Supreme Court ``Coddles'' Criminals	524	(6)
The Outlawing of Third-Degree Confessions (1966)	524	(2)
The Minority Supports the Police (1966)	526	(1)
A Green Light for Criminals (1966)	527	(1)
President Nixon Outlines His Judicial Philosophy (1971)	528	(2)
The Move to Impeach Nixon	530	(8)
The First Article of Impeachment (1974)	530	(1)
Impeachment as a Partisan Issue (1974)	531	(1)
Nixon Incriminates Himself (1972)	532	(3)
A Critical Canadian Viewpoint (1974)	535	(2)
Nixon Accepts a Presidential Pardon (1973)	537	(1)
The Revitalization of the Feminist Movement	538	(11)
The National Organization for Women Proclaims the Rebirth of Feminism (1966)	538	(2)
The Case for the Equal Rights Amendment (1970)	540	(2)
Phyllis Schlafly Upholds Traditional Gender Roles (1977)	542	(3)
Betty Friedan Has Second Thoughts (1981)	545	(4)
The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1980-1992	549	(38)
The Reagan ``Revolution'' in Economic Policy	550	(6)
The Supply-Side Gospel (1984)	550	(2)
President Reagan Asks for a Tax Cut (1981)	552	(2)
The New York Times Attacks Reagan's Policies (1981)	554	(2)
Reagan's Foreign Policies	556	(17)
Reagan Sees Red in Nicaragua (1986)	556	(5)
A Journalist Urges Caution in Nicaragua (1986)	561	(2)
An Editor Analyzes the Iran-Contra Affair (1987)	563	(4)
Four Views on the End of the Cold War (1994)	567	(6)
A Philosophy for Neoconservatism	573	(4)
Editor Irving Kristol Defines Neoconservatism (1983)	573	(2)
Journalist Peter Steinfels Criticizes the Neoconservatives (1979)	575	(2)
Assessing the Reagan Presidency	577	(5)
A Skeptical View of Reagan's Legacy (2004)	577	(2)
Charles Krauthammer Praises Reagan (2004)	579	(1)
James T. Patterson Weighs the Reagan Record (2003)	580	(2)
George H. W. Bush and the First Gulf War (1991)	582	(5)
Stephen J. Solarz Makes the Case for War Against Iraq (1991)	582	(2)
The Gulf War as Happy Ending or Ominous Beginning (1991)	584	(1)
The Foreign Policy President Falls Short at Home (1991)	585	(2)
America Confronts the Post--Cold War Era, 1992-2004	587	(39)
Frustrations in Foreign Policy	588	(7)
Anthony Lake Advocates Replacing Containment with Enlargement (1993)	588	(3)
Searching for a Post--Cold War Foreign Policy (1994)	591	(1)
Michael Mandelbaum Decries ``Foreign Policy as Social Work'' (1996)	592	(2)
Stephen M. Walt Assesses Clinton's Record (2000)	594	(1)
The Impeachment of William Jefferson Clinton	595	(6)
William Kristol Denounces ``Clintonism'' (1999)	595	(2)
The New Republic Opposes Impeachment (1998)	597	(1)
The Louisville Courier-Journal Sees a Distracted Presidency (1998)	598	(1)
David T. Canon and Kenneth R. Mayer Appraise Impeachment's Impact on the Presidency (2001)	599	(2)
The Deadlocked Election of 2000	601	(5)
The Supreme Court Makes George W. Bush President (2000)	601	(2)
Justice Stevens Dissents (2000)	603	(1)
William Safire Sees All Roads Leading to Bush (2000)	604	(1)
Al Gore Concedes Defeat (2000)	605	(1)
The Scourge of Catastrophic Terrorism	606	(9)
President Bush Describes an ``Axis of Evil'' (2002)	606	(3)
The 9/11 Commission Finds Fault (2004)	609	(2)
The Austin, Texas, City Council Protests the USA Patriot Act (2003)	611	(3)
Representative Lamar Smith Defends the USA Patriot Act (2004)	614	(1)
The Iraq War	615	(11)
President Bush Claims the Right of Preemptive War (2002)	615	(2)
Thomas L. Friedman Supports the War (2003)	617	(2)
Ivo Daalder and James Lindsay See Failure in Iraq (2004)	619	(2)
Michael E. O'Hanlon Considers Preemptive War (2004)	621	(1)
America Is Humiliated at Abu Ghraib (2004)	622	(1)
Jonathan Alter Decries the Abu Ghraib Scandal (2004)	623	(3)
The American People Face a New Century	626
A Land of Rising Inequality?	626
Paul Krugman Blasts the New Gilded Age (2002)	626
Robert Rector Questions the Causes of Poverty (2003)	629
Commonweal Favors the Estate Tax (2000)	630
Poverty Amidst Plenty? (2003)	631
Women, Work, and the Family	632
The Gender Divide (2001)	632
The Annenberg Public Policy Center Probes the ``Glass Ceiling'' (2003)	633
Cathy Young Analyzes the ``Opt Out'' Controversy (2004)	635
Pluralism and Its Discontents	637
Samuel P. Huntington Fears a Cultural Divide (2004)	637
Enrique Krauze Defends Mexican-Americans (2004)	640
Barry Sanders and Francis D. Adams Demand Reparations for African Americans (2003)	642
John H. McWhorter Laments a Culture of Victimhood (2000)	643
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor Approves Affirmative Action---for Now (2003)	645
Justice Clarence Thomas Deems Affirmative Action Unconstitutional (2003)	647
The Moral Dilemmas of Modernity	649
Andrew Sullivan Demands Marriage Rights for Gays (2000)	649
Governor Mitt Romney Defends Traditional Marriage (2004)	651
William Saletan Scrutinizes the Ban on Partial-Birth Abortion (2003)	653
A Christian Conservative Urges Moderation (1996)	655
Tom Toles Illustrates the Abortion Dilemma (2003)	657
President George W. Bush Restricts Embryonic Stem Cell Research (2001)	658
Patti Davis Pleads for More Embryonic Stem Cell Research (2004)	660
Lance Morrow Sees a Faustian Bargain (2001)	662
Stephen L. Carter Considers the Role of Religion in Public Life (2000)	663
Hendrik Hertzberg Reflects on Religion and Politics (2004)	665
Constitution of the United States	1	(20)
Index	21