American and Texas Government: Policy and Politics (Longman Study Edition)

by Tannahill, Neal

• ISBN13: 9780321333087
• ISBN10: 032133308X
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Known for its extremely student-friendly, jargon-free style, the new edition ofAmerican Government: Policy and Politicsintroduces the essentials of American government in a way that all students can understand. Public policy is emphasized throughout to show students the impact that government has on their lives. The text also offers an abundance of new and revised active learning exercises to involve and engage students in the course material and enable them to become participants in their government. The eighth edition includes exciting new features and is completely updated through the 2004 presidential election, including a 2004 Electoral College map and an analysis of the outcome.

Table of Contents

To the Instructor	xv
To the Student	xxi
Introduction Government, Politics, and the Policymaking Process	1	(2)
The Importance of Government	3	(2)
Government and Politics	5	(1)
The Public Policy Approach	6	(8)
The Environment for Policymaking
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation
Policy Adoption
Policy Implementation
Policy Evaluation
A Changing America in a Changing World	14	(23)
Political Culture	15	(6)
Democracy and Capitalism
Political Culture and Policymaking
Liberalism and Conservatism
The International Environment	21	(1)
The Demographic Environment	22	(3)
The Economic Environment	25	(5)
The Global Economy
Income Distribution
Poverty
Conclusion: The Context of Policymaking	30	(7)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
The American Constitution	37	(31)
The Background of the Constitution	39	(6)
Historical Setting
American Political Thought
Constitutional Principles	45	(7)
Representative Democracy
Rule of Law
Limited Government
Separation of Powers with Checks and Balances
Federalism
Bicameralism
The Living Constitution	52	(5)
Constitutional Change Through Practice and Experience
Constitutional Change Through Amendment
Change Through Judicial Interpretation
The Constitution, Politics, and Public Policy	57	(3)
Conclusion: The Constitutional Environment for Policymaking	60	(8)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
The Federal System	68	(24)
The Constitutional Basis of Federalism	70	(8)
The Powers of the National Government
The Constitutional Status of the States
The States' Rights/National Government Supremacy Controversy
The Federal System and the Supreme Court
Federal Grant Programs	78	(6)
Program Adoption
Types of Federal Programs
Grant Conditions
Conclusion: Federalism and Public Policy	84	(8)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Public Opinion	92	(36)
Political Socialization	94	(7)
Process of Socialization
Agents of Socialization
Measuring Public Opinion	101	(6)
Sampling
Question Wording
Attitudes, Non-Attitudes, and Phantom Opinions
Interviewer-Respondent Interaction
Timing
Political Knowledge	107	(2)
Support for Democratic Principles	109	(3)
Political Trust and Political Legitimacy	112	(1)
Political Efficacy	113	(1)
Political Philosophy	114	(5)
Are Americans Liberal or Conservative?
Opinion Differences Among Groups
Conclusion: Public Opinion and Public Policy	119	(9)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Political Participation	128	(26)
Forms of Participation	129	(2)
Explaining Participation	131	(1)
Personal Resources
Psychological Engagement
Voter Mobilization
Community Involvement
Patterns of Participation	132	(3)
Income
Age
Race/Ethnicity
Gender
Trends in Voter Turnout	135	(5)
The Vanishing Voter Debate
Explaining the Decline in Voter Turnout
Nonvoters	140	(2)
Increasing Voter Turnout
Participation Rates in Comparative Perspective	142	(2)
Participation Bias	144	(2)
Conclusion: Political Participation and Public Policy	146	(8)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Interest Groups	154	(29)
Types of Interest Groups	156	(7)
Business Groups and Trade Associations
Labor Unions
Professional Associations
Agricultural Groups
Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups
Religious Groups
Citizen, Advocacy, and Cause Groups
Interest Group Tactics	163	(10)
Electioneering
Lobbying
Creating Public Pressure
Protest Demonstrations
Litigation
Political Violence
The Strength of Interest Groups	173	(2)
Conclusion: Interest Groups and Public Policy	175	(8)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Political Parties	183	(31)
The Party System	184	(3)
Party Organization	187	(1)
The History of Parties in America	188	(5)
First Party Era, 1790s to the Early 1820s
Second Party Era, the 1820s to 1860
Third Party Era, 1860 to 1896
Fourth Party Era, 1896 to 1932
Fifth Party Era, 1932 to 1980
Sixth Party Era, Since 1980
The Party Balance	193	(1)
Party Identification
Offices Held
Money
Voting Patterns	194	(6)
Income
Race and Ethnicity
Education
Gender
Age
Family and Lifestyle Status
Region
Political Ideology
Religion
Place of Residence
Issue Orientation	200	(3)
Divided Government	203	(3)
Conclusion: Political Parties and Public Policy	206	(8)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Elections	214	(49)
Types of Elections	216	(1)
Election Districts and Redistricting	216	(5)
Reapportionment
The Voting Rights Act (VRA)
Gerrymandering
Mid-Cycle Redistricting
Election Campaigns	221	(8)
The Role of Money
Campaign Organization and Strategy
Congressional Elections	229	(4)
House Elections
Senate Elections
Presidential Elections	233	(17)
The Presidential Nomination Phase
The General Election Phase
The Voters Decide	250	(3)
Party Identification
Issues
Personal Qualities and Image
Campaigns
Retrospective and Prospective Voting
Conclusion: Elections and Public Policy	253	(10)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Congress	263	(43)
Bicameralism	265	(1)
Membership	266	(3)
Profile of the Membership
Compensation
Personal Styles
Membership Turnover
Organization	269	(7)
Organization of the Floor
Committee and Subcommittee Organization
The Development of the Modern Congress	276	(2)
The Legislative Process	278	(14)
Origin and Introduction
Committee and Subcommittee Action
Floor Action
Conference Committee Action
Presidential Action
Analyzing the Legislative Process	292	(6)
Political Ideology
Political Party
Constituency
Leadership
Interest Groups
The White House
Conclusion: Congress and Public Policy	298	(8)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
The Presidency	306	(38)
The Constitutional Presidency	308	(13)
Qualifications and Backgrounds
Term of Office
Impeachment and Removal
Presidential Succession and Disability
The Vice Presidency
Constitutional Powers and Duties
Two Presidencies Thesis
The Development of the Modern Presidency	321	(3)
The Organization of the Presidency	324	(3)
The White House Staff
The Executive Office of the President
The Presidential Bureaucracy and Presidential Influence
Presidential Policymaking	327	(3)
The Power to Persuade
Going Public
Presidential Popularity	330	(4)
The Presidency in Context	334	(2)
Conclusion: The Presidency and Public Policy	336	(8)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
The Federal Bureaucracy	344	(29)
Organization of the Bureaucracy	346	(5)
Cabinet Departments
Independent Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
Foundations and Institutes
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Personnel	351	(4)
Employment Practices
Rulemaking	355	(2)
Politics and Administration	357	(5)
The President
Congress
Interest Groups
Bureaucrats
Subgovernments and Issue Networks	362	(3)
Conclusion: The Federal Bureaucracy and Public Policy	365	(8)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
The Federal Courts	373	(35)
Judicial Policymaking	374	(1)
Political History of the Supreme Court	375	(4)
The Federal Court System	379	(18)
District Courts
Courts of Appeals
Supreme Court
Power, Politics, and the Courts	397	(2)
Conclusion: The Courts and Public Policy	399	(9)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Economic Policymaking	408	(41)
The Goals of Economic Policy	410	(5)
Fund Government Services
Encourage/Discourage Private Sector Activity
Redistribute Income
Economic Growth with Stable Prices
Tax Revenues	415	(7)
Individual Income Tax
Payroll Taxes
Other Revenue
Issues in Government Finance
Tax Reform
The Bush Tax Reforms
Budget Deficits and Surpluses	422	(2)
Government Expenditures	424	(10)
Social Security
Health
Education, Training, Employment, Social Services, and Income Security
National Defense
Interest on the Debt
Fiscal Policymaking	434	(3)
Ground Rules for Budgeting
The Budget Process
Tax Measures
Monetary Policymaking	437	(2)
Conclusion: Economic Policymaking	439	(10)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Regulatory Policymaking	449	(27)
The History of Government Regulation in America	451	(8)
The 1880s to the 1960s: The Regulatory State Established
The 1960s: A New Wave of Regulation
The 1970s and 1980s: Deregulation
The First Bush Administration: Selective Reregulation
The Clinton Administration: Regulation by Negotiation and Litigation
Regulatory Policy in the George W. Bush Administration
The Scope of Regulation	459	(2)
The Pros and Cons of Regulation	461	(3)
The Case for Regulation
The Case Against Regulation
Conclusion: Regulatory Policymaking	464	(12)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Civil Liberties Policymaking	476	(42)
The Constitutional Basis of Civil Liberties Policymaking	478	(2)
The U.S. Constitution
State Constitutions
Civil Liberties Issues and Policies	480	(28)
Government and Religion
Freedom of Expression
Privacy Rights
Due Process of Law and the Rights of the Accused
Executive Authority and Civil Liberties
Conclusion: Civil Liberties Policymaking	508	(10)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Civil Rights Policymaking	518	(36)
The Constitutional Basis of Civil Rights Policymaking	520	(1)
Civil Rights Issues and Policies	521	(21)
Equality Before the Law
Voting Rights and Representation
Freedom from Discrimination
Sexual Harassment
Affirmative Action
Conclusion: Civil Rights Policymaking	542	(12)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Foreign and Defense Policymaking	554	(41)
The History of American Foreign Policy	556	(10)
From Isolationism to Internationalism
The Cold War and the Policy of Containment
Detente
American Foreign Policy in the 1970s: Recognition of Limits
American Foreign Policy in the 1980s: A Resurgent America
The Disintegration of the Soviet Union and the End of the Cold War
The International Community	566	(4)
The Ends and Means of American Foreign and Defense Policy	570	(2)
American Foreign Policy After 9/11	572	(2)
American Defense Policy	574	(6)
Defense Spending
Defense Forces and Strategy
Conclusion: Foreign and Defense Policymaking	580	(15)
Agenda Building
Policy Formulation and Adoption
Policy Implementation and Evaluation
The Declaration of Independence	595	(2)
The Constitution of the United States of America	597	(6)
Amendments to the Constitution	603	(5)
Choosing the President	608	(11)
Glossary	619	(13)
Photo Credits	632	(1)
Index	633