Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-14.

Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-30.

PART 1 Transformations of North America, 1491–1700

CHAPTER 1 Colliding Worlds, 1491–1600

Why did contact among Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans cause such momentous changes?

The Native American Experience

The First Americans

American Empires

Chiefdoms and Confederacies

Patterns of Trade

Sacred Power

Western Europe: The Edge of the Old World

Hierarchy and Authority

Peasant Society

Expanding Trade Networks

Myths, Religions, and Holy Warriors

West and Central Africa: Origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade

Empires, Kingdoms, and Ministates

Trans-Saharan and Coastal Trade

The Spirit World

Exploration and Conquest

Portuguese Expansion

The African Slave Trade

Sixteenth-Century Incursions

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 1 REVIEW

America in the World Altered Landscapes

Thinking Like a Historian Colliding Cultures

CHAPTER 2 American Experiments, 1521–1700

Why did the American colonies develop the social, political, and economic institutions they did, and why were some colonial experiments more successful than others?

Spain’s Tribute Colonies

A New American World

The Columbian Exchange

The Protestant Challenge to Spain

Plantation Colonies

Brazil’s Sugar Plantations

England’s Chesapeake Colonies

The Laboratory of the Caribbean

Plantation Life

Neo-European Colonies

New France

New Netherland

The Rise of the Iroquois

New England

War and Rebellion in North America

Metacom’s War, 1675-1676

The Pueblo Revolt

Bacon’s Rebellion

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian Who Was Pocahontas?

Comparing Interpretations What Role Did Climate and Ecology Play in American Colonization?

PART 2 British North America and the Atlantic World, 1607–1763

CHAPTER 3 The British Atlantic World, 1607–1750

Why and how did the South Atlantic System reshape the economy, society, and culture of British North America?

Colonies to Empire, 1607–1713

Self-Governing Colonies and New Elites, 1607–1660

The Restoration Colonies and Imperial Expansion

From Mercantilism to Imperial Dominion

The Glorious Revolution in England and America

Imperial Wars and Native Peoples

Tribalization

Indian Goals

The Imperial Slave Economy

The South Atlantic System

Africa, Africans, and the Slave Trade

Slavery in the Chesapeake and South Carolina

An African American Community Emerges

The Rise of the Southern Gentry

The Northern Maritime Economy

The Urban Economy

Urban Society

The New Politics of Empire, 1713–1750

The Rise of Colonial Assemblies

Salutary Neglect

Protecting the Mercantile System

Mercantilism and the American Colonies

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 3 REVIEW

America in the World Olaudah Equiano: The Brutal "Middle Passage"

Thinking Like a Historian Servitude and Slavery

CHAPTER 4 Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720–1763

Why did transatlantic travel and communication reshape Britain’s American colonies so dramatically?

New England’s Freehold Society

Farm Families: Women in the Household Economy

Farm Property: Inheritance

Freehold Society in Crisis

Diversity in the Middle Colonies

Economic Growth, Opportunity, and Conflict

Cultural Diversity

Religion and Politics

Cultural Transformations

Transportation and the Print Revolution

The Enlightenment in America

American Pietism and the Great Awakening

Religious Upheaval in the North

Social and Religious Conflict in the South

The Midcentury Challenge: War, Trade, and Social Conflict, 1750–1763

The French and Indian War

The Great War for Empire

British Industrial Growth and the Consumer Revolution

The Struggle for Land in the East

Western Rebels and Regulators

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 4 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian Women’s Labor

America in the World Transatlantic Migration, 1500–1760

PART 3 Revolution and Republican Culture, 1754–1800

CHAPTER 5 The Problem of Empire, 1754–1776

Why did the imperial crisis lead to war between Britain and the United States?

An Empire Transformed

The Costs of Empire

George Grenville and the Reform Impulse

An Open Challenge: The Stamp Act

The Dynamics of Rebellion, 1765–1770

Formal Protests and the Politics of the Crowd

The Ideological Roots of Resistance

Another Kind of Freedom

Parliament and Patriots Square Off Again

The Problem of the West

Parliament Wavers

The Road to Independence, 1771–1776

A Compromise Repudiated

The Continental Congress Responds

The Rising of the Countryside

Loyalists and Neutrals

Violence East and West

Lord Dunmore’s War

Armed Resistance in Massachusetts

The Second Continental Congress Organizes for War

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Independence Declared

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 5 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian Beyond the Proclamation Line

Comparing Interpretations Did British Administrators Try to Protect or Exploit Native Americans?

CHAPTER 6 Making War and Republican Governments, 1776–1789

Why did the American independence movement succeed, and what changes did it initiate in American society and government?

The Trials of War, 1776–1778

War in the North

Armies and Strategies

Victory at Saratoga

The Perils of War

Financial Crisis

Valley Forge

The Path to Victory, 1778–1783

The French Alliance

War in the South

The Patriot Advantage

Diplomatic Triumph

Creating Republican Institutions, 1776–1787

The State Constitutions: How Much Democracy?

Women Seek a Public Voice

The War’s Losers: Loyalists, Native Americans, and Slaves

The Articles of Confederation

Shays’s Rebellion

The Constitution of 1787

The Rise of a Nationalist Faction

The Philadelphia Convention

The People Debate Ratification

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 6 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian The Black Soldier’s Dilemma

Comparing Interpretations What did the Framers Intend When They Drafted The Constitution?

CHAPTER 7 Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787–1820

Why did the United States survive the challenges of the first three decades to become a viable, growing, independent republic?

The Political Crisis of the 1790s

The Federalists Implement the Constitution

Hamilton’s Financial Program

Jefferson’s Agrarian Vision

The French Revolution Divides Americans

The Rise of Political Parties

A Republican Empire Is Born

Sham Treaties and Indian Lands

Migration and the Changing Farm Economy

The Jefferson Presidency

Jefferson and the West

The War of 1812 and the Transformation of Politics

Conflict in the Atlantic and the West

The War of 1812

The Federalist Legacy

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 7 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian The Social Life of Alcohol

America in the World The Haitian Revolution and the Problem of Race

PART 4 Overlapping Revolutions, 1800–1848

CHAPTER 8 Economic Transformations, 1800–1848

Why and how did the economic transformations of the first half of the nineteenth century reshape northern and southern society and culture?

Foundations of a New Economic Order

Credit and Banking

Transportation and the Market Revolution

The Cotton Complex: Northern Industry and Southern Agriculture

The American Industrial Revolution

Origins of the Cotton South

The Cotton Boom and Slavery

Technological Innovation and Labor

The Spread of Innovation

Wageworkers and the Labor Movement

The Growth of Cities and Towns

New Social Classes and Cultures

Inequality in the South

The Northern Business Elite

The Middle Class

Urban Workers and the Poor

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 8 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian The Entrepreneur and the Community

Comparing Interpretations Did the Market Revolution Expand Opportunities for Women?

CHAPTER 9 A Democratic Revolution, 1800–1848

Why did Andrew Jackson’s election mark a turning point in American politics?

The Rise of Popular Politics

The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of Parties

Racial Exclusion and Republican Motherhood

The Missouri Crisis, 1819–1821

The Election of 1824

The Last Notable President: John Quincy Adams

"The Democracy" and the Election of 1828

Jackson in Power, 1829–1837

Jackson’s Agenda: Rotation and Decentralization

The Tariff and Nullification

The Bank War

Indian Removal

Jackson’s Impact

Class, Culture, and the Second Party System

The Whig Worldview

Labor Politics and the Depression of 1837–1843

"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!"

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 9 REVIEW

COMPARING INTERPRETATIONS Was Indian Removal Humanitarian or Racist?

Thinking Like a Historian Becoming Literate: Public Education and Democracy

CHAPTER 10 Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820–1848

Why did new intellectual, religious, and social movements emerge in the early nineteenth century, and how did they change American society?

Spiritual Awakenings

The Second Great Awakening and Reform

Transcendentalism

Utopian Communities and New Religious Movements

Urban Cultures and Conflicts

Sex in the City

Urban Entertainments

Popular Fiction and the Penny Press

African Americans and the Struggle for Freedom

Free Black Communities, South and North

The Rise of Abolitionism

The Women’s Rights Movement

Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement

From Antislavery to Women’s Rights

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 10 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian Dance and Social Identity in Antebellum America

America in the World Women’s Rights in France and the United States, 1851

CHAPTER 11 Imperial Ambitions, 1820–1848

Why did the ideology of Manifest Destiny unite Americans and shape United States politics?

The Expanding South

Planters, Small Freeholders, and Poor Freemen

The Settlement of Texas

The Politics of Democracy

The World of Enslaved African Americans

Forging Families and Communities

Working Lives

Contesting the Boundaries of Slavery

Manifest Destiny, North and South

The Push to the Pacific

The Plains Indians

The Fateful Election of 1844

The U.S.-Mexico War, 1846–1848

The Mexican North

Polk’s Expansionist Program

American Military Successes

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 11 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian Claiming the Oregon Country

America in the World Financing War

PART 5 Consolidating a Continental Union, 1844–1877

CHAPTER 12 Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844–1861

Why did the new Republican Party arise, and what events led to Democratic division and southern secession?

Consequences of the U.S.-Mexico War, 1844–1850

"Free Soil" in Politics

California Gold and Racial Warfare

1850: Crisis and Compromise

An Emerging Political Crisis, 1850–1858

The Abolitionist Movement Grows

Pierce and Expansion

Immigrants and Know-Nothings

The West and the Fate of the Union

Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Triumph, 1858–1860

Lincoln’s Political Career

The Union Under Siege

The Election of 1860

Secession Winter, 1860–1861

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 12 REVIEW

Comparing Interpretations Did Slavery Have a Future in the West?

Thinking Like a Historian The Irish in America

CHAPTER 13 Bloody Ground: The Civil War, 1861–1865

Why and how did the Union win the Civil War?

War Begins, 1861–1862

Early Expectations

Campaigns East and West

Antietam and Its Consequences

Toward "Hard War," 1863

Politics North and South

The Impact of Emancipation

Citizens and the Work of War

Vicksburg and Gettysburg

The Road to Union Victory, 1864–1865

Grant and Sherman Take Command

The Election of 1864 and Sherman’s March

The Confederacy Collapses

The World the War Made

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 13 REVIEW

Comparing Interpretations How Divided Was the Confederate Public?

Thinking Like a Historian Military Deaths?—?and Lives Saved?—?During the Civil War

CHAPTER 14 Reconstruction, 1865–1877

Why did freedpeople, Republican policymakers, and ex-Confederates all end up dissatisfied with Reconstruction or with its aftermath? To what degree did each group succeed in fulfilling its goals?

The Struggle for National Reconstruction

Presidential Approaches: From Lincoln to Johnson

Congress Versus the President

Radical Reconstruction

Women’s Rights Denied

The Meaning of Freedom

The Quest for Land

Republican Governments in the South

Building Black Communities

The Undoing of Reconstruction

The Republicans Unravel

Counterrevolution in the South

Reconstruction Rolled Back

The Political Crisis of 1877

Lasting Legacies

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 14 REVIEW

America in the World Labor Laws After Emancipation: Haiti and the United States

Thinking Like a Historian The South’s "Lost Cause"

CHAPTER 15 Conquering a Continent, 1860–1890

Why and how did the United States build a continental empire, and how did this affect people living in the West?

The Republican Vision

The New Union and the World

Integrating the National Economy

Incorporating the West

Mining Empires

From Bison to Cattle on the Plains

Homesteaders

The First National Park

A Harvest of Blood: Native Peoples Dispossessed

The Civil War and Indians on the Plains

Grant’s Peace Policy

The End of Armed Resistance

Strategies of Survival

Western Myths and Realities

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 15 REVIEW

Comparing Interpretations How Rational Were the Great Railroad Empires?

Thinking Like a Historian Representing Indians

PART 6 Industrializing America: Upheavals and Experiments, 1877–1917

CHAPTER 16 Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877–1911

Why did large corporations emerge and thrive in late nineteenth century America and how did they reshape trade, work, and politics ?

The Rise of Big Business

Innovators in Enterprise

The Corporate Workplace

On the Shop Floor

Immigrants, East and West

Newcomers from Europe

Asian Americans and Exclusion

Labor Gets Organized

The Emergence of a Labor Movement

The Knights of Labor

Farmers and Workers: The Cooperative Alliance

Another Path: The American Federation of Labor

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 16 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian Poverty and Food

America in the World Emigrants and Destinations, 1881–1915

CHAPTER 17 Making Modern American Culture, 1880–1917

Why and how did Americans’ identities, beliefs, and culture change in the early industrial era?

Science and Faith

Darwinism and Its Critics

Religion: Diversity and Innovation

Realism in the Arts

Commerce and Culture

Consumer Spaces

Masculinity and the Rise of Sports

The Great Outdoors

Women, Men, and the Solitude of Self

Changing Families

Expanding Opportunities for Education

Women’s Civic Activism

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 17 REVIEW

America in the World Christianity in the United States and Japan

Thinking Like a Historian WCTU Women "Do Everything"

CHAPTER 18 "Civilization’s Inferno": The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880–1917

Why and how did the rise of big cities shape American society and politics?

The New Metropolis

The Landscape of the Industrial City

Newcomers and Neighborhoods

City Cultures

Governing the Great City

Urban Political Machines

The Limits of Machine Government

Crucibles of Progressive Reform

Fighting Dirt and Vice

The Movement for Social Settlements

Cities and National Politics

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 18 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian The Power and appeal of the Ward Boss

Comparing Interpretations How Did Urban Progressive Reformers Approach Environmentalism?

CHAPTER 19 Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880–1917

Why and how did Progressive Era reformers seek to address the problems of industrial America, and to what extent did they succeed?

Reform Visions, 1880–1892

Electoral Politics After Reconstruction

The Populist Program

The Political Earthquakes of the 1890s

Depression and Reaction

Democrats and the "Solid South"

Republicans Retake National Control

Reform Reshaped, 1901–1912

Theodore Roosevelt as President

Diverse Progressive Goals

The Election of 1912

Wilson’s Reforms, 1913–1917

Economic Reforms

Progressive Legacies

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 19 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian Making Modern Presidents

Comparing Interpretations Were the "Gilded Age" and "Progressive Era" Separate Periods?

PART 7 Global Ambitions and Domestic Turmoil, 1890–1945

CHAPTER 20 An Emerging World Power, 1890–1918

Why did the United States become a major power on the world stage by the 1910s, and what impact did this have at home and abroad?

From Expansion to Imperialism

Foundations of Empire

The War of 1898

Spoils of War

A Power Among Powers

The Open Door in Asia

The United States and Latin America

The United States in World War I

From Neutrality to War

"Over There"

War on the Home Front

Catastrophe at Versailles

The Fate of Wilson’s Ideas

Congress Rejects the Treaty

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 20 REVIEW

America in the World The Human Cost of World War I

Thinking Like a Historian German Americans in World War I

CHAPTER 21 Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919–1932

Why did cultural and political conflict erupt in the 1920s, and what factors lead to the Great Depression?

Resurgent Conservatism

The Red Scare

Racial Backlash

American Business at Home and Abroad

Government Businesses Entangled

Making a Modern Consumer Economy

Postwar Abundance

Consumer Culture

The Automobile and Suburbanization

The Politics and Culture of a Diversifying Nation

Women in a New Age

Culture Wars

The Harlem Renaissance

The Coming of the Great Depression

From Boom to Bust

The Depression’s Early Years

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 21 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian The Automobile Transforms America

Comparing Interpretations How Did Immigrants Experience America at the Turn of the Century?

CHAPTER 22 Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929–1938

What new roles did the American government take on during the New Deal, and how did these roles shape the economy and society?

Early Responses to the Depression, 1929–1932

Enter Herbert Hoover

Rising Discontent

The 1932 Election

The New Deal Arrives, 1933–1935

Roosevelt and the First Hundred Days

The New Deal Under Attack

The Second New Deal and the Redefining of Liberalism, 1935–1938

The Welfare State Comes into Being

From Reform to Stalemate

The New Deal and American Society

A People’s Democracy

Reshaping the Environment

The New Deal and the Arts

The Legacies of the New Deal

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 22 REVIEW

America in the World Economic Nationalism in the United States and Mexico

Thinking Like a Historian The New Deal and Public Works

CHAPTER 23 The World at War, 1937–1945

How did World War II transform the United States domestically and change its relationship with the world?

The Road to War

The Rise of Fascism

War Approaches

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

Organizing for a Global War

Financing the War

Mobilizing the American Fighting Force

Workers and the War Effort

Politics in Wartime

Life on the Home Front

"For the Duration"

Migration and the Wartime City

Japanese Removal

Fighting and Winning the War

Wartime Aims and Tensions

The War in Europe

The War in the Pacific

The Atomic Bomb and the End of the War

The Toll of the War

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 23 REVIEW

America in the World The Scales of War: Losses and Gains During World War II

Thinking Like a Historian Mobilizing the Home Front

PART 8 The Modern State and the Age of Liberalism, 1945–1980

CHAPTER 24 Cold War America, 1945–1963

In the first two decades of the Cold War, how did competition on the international stage and a climate of fear at home affect politics, society, and culture in the United States?

Containment in a Divided Global Order

Origins of the Cold War

The Containment Strategy

Containment in Asia

Cold War Liberalism

Truman and the End of Reform

Red Scare: The Hunt for Communists

The Politics of Cold War Liberalism

Containment in the Postcolonial World

The Cold War and Colonial Independence

John F. Kennedy and the Cold War

Making a Commitment in Vietnam

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 24 REVIEW

Comparing Interpretations Why Was There a Cold War?

Thinking Like a Historian The Global Cold War

CHAPTER 25 Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945–1963

Why did consumer culture become such a fixture of American life in the postwar decades, and how did it affect politics and society?

Postwar Prosperity and the Affluent Society

Economy: From Recovery to Dominance

A Nation of Consumers

Youth Culture

Religion and the Middle Class

The American Family in the Era of Containment

The Baby Boom

Women, Work, and Family

Challenging Middle-Class Morality

A Suburban Nation

The Postwar Housing Boom

Rise of the Sunbelt

Two Societies: Urban and Suburban

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 25 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian The Suburban Landscape of Cold War America

America in the World Postwar Capitalism

CHAPTER 26 Walking into Freedom Land: The Civil Rights Movement, 1941–1973

How did the civil rights movement evolve over time, and how did competing ideas and political alliances affect its growth and that of other social movements?

The Emerging Civil Rights Struggle, 1941–1957

Life Under Jim Crow

Origins of the Civil Rights Movement

World War II: The Beginnings

Cold War Civil Rights

Mexican Americans and Japanese Americans

Fighting for Equality Before the Law

Forging a Protest Movement, 1955–1965

Nonviolent Direct Action

Legislating Civil Rights, 1963–1965

Beyond Civil Rights, 1966–1973

Black Nationalism

Urban Disorder

Rise of the Chicano Movement

The American Indian Movement

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 26 REVIEW

Comparing Interpretations Was Martin Luther King Jr. a Radical or a Reformer?

Thinking Like a Historian Civil Rights and Black Power: Strategy and Ideology

CHAPTER 27 Uncivil Wars: Liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961–1972

What were liberalism’s social and political achievements in the 1960s, and how did debates over liberal values contribute to conflict at home and reflect war abroad?

Liberalism at High Tide

John F. Kennedy’s Promise

Lyndon B. Johnson and the Great Society

Rebirth of the Women’s Movement

The Vietnam War Begins

Escalation Under Johnson

Public Opinion and the War

The Student Movement

Days of Rage, 1968–1972

War Abroad, Tragedy at Home

The Antiwar Movement and the 1968 Election

The Nationalist Turn

Women’s Liberation and Black and Chicana Feminism

Stonewall and Gay Liberation

Rise of the Silent Majority

Nixon in Vietnam

The Silent Majority Speaks Out

The 1972 Election

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 27 REVIEW

Comparing Interpretations What Are the Origins of 1960s Feminism?

Thinking Like a Historian Debating the War in Vietnam

CHAPTER 28 The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973–1980

How did the legacy of social changes in the 1960s—such as civil rights, shifting gender roles and challenges to the family—continue to reverberate in the 1970s, lead to both new opportunities and political clashes?

An Era of Limits

Energy Crisis

Environmentalism

Economic Transformation

Urban Crisis and Suburban Revolt

Politics in Flux, 1973–1980

Watergate and the Fall of a President

Jimmy Carter: The Outsider as President

Reform and Reaction in the 1970s

Civil Rights in a New Era

The Women’s Movement and Gay Rights

After the Warren Court

The American Family on Trial

Working Families in the Age of Deindustrialization

Navigating the Sexual Revolution

Religion in the 1970s: The New Evangelicalism

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 28 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian The Environmental Movement: Reimagining the Human-Earth Relationship

America in the World Economic Malaise in the Seventies

PART 9 Globalization and the End of the American Century, 1980 to the Present

CHAPTER 29 Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980–1991

What factors made the rise of the New Right possible, and what ideas about freedom and citizenship did conservatives articulate in the 1980s?

The Rise of the New Right

Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan: Champions of the Right

Free-Market Economics and Religious Conservatism

The Carter Presidency

The Dawning of the Conservative Age

The Reagan Coalition

Conservatives in Power

Morning in America

The End of the Cold War

U.S.-Soviet Relations in a New Era

A New Political Order at Home and Abroad

SUMMARY

CHAPTER 29 REVIEW

Thinking Like a Historian Personal Computing: A Technological Revolution

Comparing Interpretations How Conservative Was the Reagan Presidency?

CHAPTER 30 Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

How has the post-Cold War era of globalization affected American politics, economics, and society?

America in the Global Economy

The Rise of the European Union and China

A New Era of Globalization

Revolutions in Technology

Politics and Partisanship in a Contentious Era

An Increasingly Plural Society

Clashes over "Family Values"

Bill Clinton and the New Democrats

Post–Cold War Foreign Policy

Into a New Century

The Ascendance of George W. Bush

Violence Abroad and Economic Collapse at Home