Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials

by Inoue, Akihisa; Hashimoto, Koji

• ISBN13: 9783540672715
• ISBN10: 3540672710
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-03-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Amorphous and nanocrystalline materials are a class of their own. Their properties are quite different to those of the corresponding crystalline materials. This book gives systematic insight into their physical properties, structure, behaviour, and design for special advanced applications. The book will appeal to researchers, research engineers and advanced students in materials science.

Table of Contents

Bulk Amorphous Alloys	p. 1
History of Bulk Amorphous Alloys	p. 1
Dominant Factors for High Glass-Forming Ability	p. 3
Crystal Nucleation and Growth Behavior of Alloys with High GFA	p. 8
Continuous Cooling Transformation of Alloys with High GFA	p. 10
Preparative Methods and Maximum Thickness of Bulk Amorphous Alloys	p. 11
Structural Relaxation and Glass Transition	p. 15
Physical Properties	p. 20
Density	p. 20
Electrical Resistivity	p. 20
Thermal Expansion Coefficient	p. 23
Mechanical Properties	p. 24
Viscoelasticity	p. 29
Soft Magnetic Properties	p. 34
Formation and Soft Magnetic Properties of Bulk Amorphous Alloys	p. 34
Glass-Forming Ability of Fe-(Al,Ga)-Metalloid, Fe-TM-B, and Co-TM-B Alloys	p. 38
Viscous Flow and Microformability of Supercooled Liquids	p. 39
Phase Transition of Bulk Amorphous Alloys	p. 39
Deformation Behavior of Supercooled Liquids	p. 40
Microforming of Supercooled Liquids	p. 41
Bulk Amorphous Alloys Produced by Powder Consolidation	p. 43
Consolidation Conditions	p. 43
Density and Properties of Consolidated Bulk Amorphous Alloys	p. 44
Applications and Future Prospects	p. 47
References	p. 48
Stress Relaxation and Diffusion in Zr-Based Metallic Glasses Having Wide Supercooled Liquid Regions	p. 52
Introduction	p. 52
Experiments	p. 53
Results and Discussion	p. 54
Stress Relaxation in Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15 Metallic Glass	p. 54
Diffusion in Zr55Al10Ni10Cu25 Metallic Glass	p. 61
Conclusions	p. 67
References	p. 67
The Anomalous Behavior of Electrical Resistance for Some Metallic Glasses Examined in Several Gas Atmospheres or in a Vacuum	p. 69
Introduction	p. 69
Experimental Procedure	p. 71
Results and Discussion	p. 71
Pd-Si Based Glasses	p. 71
Pd40Ni10Cu30P20 Glass	p. 77
Zr60Al15Ni25 Glass	p. 79
Change in Electrical Resistivity Associated with Glass Transition	p. 80
Concluding Remarks	p. 84
References	p. 85
Methods for Production of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials and Their Unique Properties	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Crystalline-Amorphous Cyclic Transformation of Ball Milled Co75Ti25 Alloy Powder	p. 88
Use of Mechanical Alloying Technique for Amorphization	p. 88
Ball Milling Procedure and Analyzing Technique	p. 88
Structural Changes vs. Milling Time	p. 89
TEM Observations	p. 90
Magnetization	p. 92
Thermal Stability	p. 93
Possible Reasons for the Cyclic Crystalline-Amorphous Transformations	p. 95
Formation of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Ni-W Alloys by Electrodeposition and Their Mechanical Properties	p. 96
Electrodeposition - A Method for the Production of the Amorphous Materials	p. 96
Preparation of Ni-W Alloys and Technique Used for Studies	p. 97
Brittleness of the As-electrodeposited Ni-W Alloys	p. 104
Hardness of the Nanocrystalline Ni-W Alloys	p. 105
Formation of Ti-Based Amorphous Alloys by Sputtering and Their Physical Properties	p. 109
Sputtering Technique	p. 109
Samples Preparation and Description of the Analytical Equipment Used	p. 109
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Sputtered Alloys	p. 110
Amorphous to Crystalline Phase Transition	p. 114
Hydrogen Evolution Characteristics of Ni-Mo Alloy Electrodes Prepared by Mechanical Milling and Sputter Deposition	p. 115
CO2 Recycling Problem	p. 115
Experimental Procedure	p. 116
Mechanically Alloyed Ni-Mo Electrodes	p. 118
Sputter-deposited Ni-Mo Electrode	p. 122
Concluding Remarks	p. 128
References	p. 130
Amorphous and Partially Crystalline Alloys Produced by Rapid Solidification of The Melt in Multicomponent (Si,Ge)-Al-Transition Metals Systems	p. 133
Introduction	p. 133
Multicomponent Fully Amorphous Si and Ge-based Alloys	p. 135
Influence of Composition and Cooling Rate on the Structure of (Si,Ge)-Al-TM Alloys	p. 135
Reasons for the Elevated Glass-forming Ability	p. 139
Properties	p. 140
Thermal Stability and Crystallization of the Amorphous Phase	p. 142
Production of Bulk Amorphous Samples by Hot Pressing. Densification Behaviour	p. 146
Precipitation of Nanocrystalline c-Ge Particles in Mixed Si-Ge-Al-TM and Ge-Si-Al-TM Alloys	p. 150
Microstructure and Phase Composition of Rapidly Solidified Si-Ge-Al-TM Alloys	p. 150
Crystallization Process in the Rapidly Solidified Si-Ge-Al-TM Alloys	p. 157
The Effect of Si Addition to Melt Spun Ge-Al-TM Alloys	p. 160
References	p. 164
Global CO2 Recycling - Novel Materials, Reduction of CO2 Emissions, and Prospects	p. 166
Introduction	p. 166
Global CO2 Recycling	p. 167
Key Materials for Global CO2 Recycling	p. 169
Cathode Materials	p. 169
Anode Materials	p. 174
Catalysts for CO2 Methanation	p. 179
A Global CO2 Recycling Plant for Substantiation of the Idea	p. 182
Energy Balance and Amounts of Reduction of CO2 Emissions	p. 183
Economy of the Global CO2 Reduction	p. 184
Concluding Remarks	p. 185
References	p. 185
Formation of Nano-sized Martensite and its Application to Fatigue Strengthening	p. 186
Introduction	p. 186
Formation of Micro-sized Martensite	p. 186
Formation of Nano-sized Martensite	p. 191
Application of Micro and Nano-sized Martensite to Materials Strengthening	p. 196
Conclusions and Future Work	p. 204
References	p. 204
Index	p. 205
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.