Analog Integrated Circuit Design

by David Johns; Ken Martin

• ISBN13: 9780471144489
• ISBN10: 0471144487
• Edition: 1
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1996-11-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

This book presents a concise treatment of the wide array of knowledge required by an integrated circuit designer. It provides thorough coverage of the design and testing of high-performance analog circuits.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT DEVICES AND MODELLING	1	(81)
1.1 Semiconductors and pn Junctions	1	(15)
1.2 MOS Transistors	16	(23)
1.3 Advanced MOS Modelling	39	(3)
1.4 Bipolar-Junction Transistors	42	(14)
1.5 Device Model Summary	56	(5)
1.6 SPICE-Modelling Parameters	61	(4)
1.7 Appendix	65	(13)
1.8 References	78	(1)
1.9 Problems	78	(4)
CHAPTER 2 PROCESSING AND LAYOUT	82	(43)
2.1 CMOS Processing	82	(13)
2.2 Bipolar Processing	95	(1)
2.3 CMOS Layout and Design Rules	96	(9)
2.4 Analog Layout Considerations	105	(13)
2.5 Latch-Up	118	(3)
2.6 References	121	(1)
2.7 Problems	121	(4)
CHAPTER 3 BASIC CURRENT MIRRORS AND SINGLE-STAGE AMPLIFIERS	125	(56)
3.1 Simple CMOS Current Mirror	125	(3)
3.2 Common-Source Amplifier	128	(1)
3.3 Source-Follower or Common-Drain Amplifier	129	(3)
3.4 Common-Gate Amplifier	132	(3)
3.5 Source-Degenerated Current Mirrors	135	(2)
3.6 High-Output-Impedance Current Mirrors	137	(3)
3.7 Cascode Gain Stage	140	(2)
3.8 MOS Differential Pair and Gain Stage	142	(4)
3.9 Bipolar Current Mirrors	146	(3)
3.10 Bipolar Gain Stages	149	(5)
3.11 Frequency Response	154	(15)
3.12 SPICE Simulation Examples	169	(7)
3.13 References	176	(1)
3.14 Problems	176	(5)
CHAPTER 4 NOISE ANALYSIS AND MODELLING	181	(40)
4.1 Time-Domain Analysis	181	(5)
4.2 Frequency-Domain Analysis	186	(10)
4.3 Noise Models for Circuit Elements	196	(8)
4.4 Noise Analysis Examples	204	(12)
4.5 References	216	(1)
4.6 Problems	217	(4)
CHAPTER 5 BASIC OPAMP DESIGN AND COMPENSATION	221	(35)
5.1 Two-Stage CMOS Opamp	221	(11)
5.2 Feedback and Opamp Compensation	232	(19)
5.3 SPICE Simulation Examples	251	(1)
5.4 References	252	(1)
5.5 Problems	253	(3)
CHAPTER 6 ADVANCED CURRENT MIRRORS AND OPAMPS	256	(48)
6.1 Advanced Current Mirrors	256	(10)
6.2 Folded-Cascode Opamp	266	(7)
6.3 Current-Mirror Opamp	273	(5)
6.4 Linear Settling Time Revisited	278	(2)
6.5 Fully Differential Opamps	280	(7)
6.6 Common-Mode Feedback Circuits	287	(4)
6.7 Current-Feedback Opamps	291	(4)
6.8 SPICE Simulation Examples	295	(4)
6.9 References	299	(1)
6.10 Problems	300	(4)
CHAPTER 7 COMPARATORS	304	(30)
7.1 Using an Opamp for a Comparator	304	(4)
7.2 Charge-Injection Errors	308	(9)
7.3 Latched Comparators	317	(4)
7.4 Examples of CMOS and BiCMOS Comparators	321	(7)
7.5 Examples of Bipolar Comparators	328	(2)
7.6 References	330	(1)
7.7 Problems	331	(3)
CHAPTER 8 SAMPLE AND HOLDS, VOLTAGE REFERENCES, AND TRANSLINEAR CIRCUITS	334	(39)
8.1 Performance of Sample-and-Hold Circuits	334	(2)
8.2 MOS Sample-and-Hold Basics	336	(7)
8.3 Examples of CMOS S/H Circuits	343	(6)
8.4 Bipolar and BiCMOS Sample and Holds	349	(4)
8.5 Bandgap Voltage Reference Basics	353	(4)
8.6 Circuits for Bandgap References	357	(7)
8.7 Translinear Gain Cell	364	(2)
8.8 Translinear Multiplier	366	(2)
8.9 References	368	(2)
8.10 Problems	370	(3)
CHAPTER 9 DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS	373	(21)
9.1 Overview of Some Signal Spectra	373	(1)
9.2 Laplace Transforms of Discrete-Time Signals	374	(3)
9.3 Z-Transform	377	(2)
9.4 Downsampling and Upsampling	379	(3)
9.5 Discrete-Time Filters	382	(7)
9.6 Sample-and-Hold Response	389	(2)
9.7 References	391	(1)
9.8 Problems	391	(3)
CHAPTER 10 SWITCHED-CAPACITOR CIRCUITS	394	(51)
10.1 Basic Building Blocks	394	(4)
10.2 Basic Operation and Analysis	398	(11)
10.3 First-Order Filters	409	(6)
10.4 Biquad Filters	415	(8)
10.5 Charge Injection	423	(4)
10.6 Switched-Capacitor Gain Circuits	427	(6)
10.7 Correlated Double-Sampling Techniques	433	(1)
10.8 Other Switched-Capacitor Circuits	434	(7)
10.9 References	441	(2)
10.10 Problems	443	(2)
CHAPTER 11 DATA CONVERTER FUNDAMENTALS	445	(18)
11.1 Ideal D/A Converter	445	(2)
11.2 Ideal A/D Converter	447	(1)
11.3 Quantization Noise	448	(4)
11.4 Signed Codes	452	(2)
11.5 Performance Limitations	454	(7)
11.6 References	461	(1)
11.7 Problems	461	(2)
CHAPTER 12 NYQUIST-RATE D/A CONVERTERS	463	(24)
12.1 Decoder-Based Converters	463	(6)
12.2 Binary-Scaled Converters	469	(6)
12.3 Thermometer-Code Converters	475	(6)
12.4 Hybrid Converters	481	(3)
12.5 References	484	(1)
12.6 Problems	484	(3)
CHAPTER 13 NYQUIST-RATE A/D CONVERTERS	487	(44)
13.1 Integrating Converters	487	(5)
13.2 Successive-Approximation Converters	492	(12)
13.3 Algorithmic (or Cyclic) A/D Converter	504	(3)
13.4 Flash (or Parallel) Converters	507	(6)
13.5 Two-Step A/D Converters	513	(3)
13.6 Interpolating A/D Converters	516	(3)
13.7 Folding A/D Converters	519	(4)
13.8 Pipelined A/D Converters	523	(3)
13.9 Time-Interleaved A/D Converters	526	(1)
13.10 References	527	(1)
13.11 Problems	528	(3)
CHAPTER 14 OVERSAMPLING CONVERTERS	531	(43)
14.1 Oversampling without Noise Shaping	531	(7)
14.2 Oversampling with Noise Shaping	538	(9)
14.3 System Architectures	547	(4)
14.4 Digital Decimation Filters	551	(4)
14.5 Higher-Order Modulators	555	(2)
14.6 Bandpass Oversampling Converters	557	(2)
14.7 Practical Considerations	559	(6)
14.8 Multi-Bit Oversampling Converters	565	(3)
14.9 Third-Order A/D Design Example	568	(3)
14.10 References	571	(1)
14.11 Problems	572	(2)
CHAPTER 15 CONTINUOUS-TIME FILTERS	574	(74)
15.1 Introduction to G(m)-C Filters	575	(9)
15.2 Bipolar Transconductors	584	(13)
15.3 CMOS Transconductors Using Triode Transistors	597	(10)
15.4 CMOS Transconductors Using Active Transistors	607	(9)
15.5 BiCMOS Transconductors	616	(4)
15.6 MOSFET-C Filters	620	(6)
15.7 Tuning Circuitry	626	(9)
15.8 Dynamic Range Performance	635	(8)
15.9 References	643	(2)
15.10 Problems	645	(3)
CHAPTER 16 PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS	648	(48)
16.1 Basic Loop Architecture	648	(15)
16.2 PLLs with Charge-Pump Phase Comparators	663	(7)
16.3 Voltage-Controlled Oscillators	670	(10)
16.4 Computer Simulation of PLLs	680	(9)
16.5 Appendix	689	(3)
16.6 References	692	(1)
16.7 Problems	693	(3)
INDEX	696