Analytical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy

by Pelletier, Michael J.

• ISBN13: 9780632053056
• ISBN10: 0632053054
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-05-04
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

This book is written for chemists, chemical engineers and chemical technologists who are not expert users of Raman spectroscopy technology. The background to the technique is covered along with its analytical applications. A brief introduction to Raman spectroscopy and instrumentation in general is included, along with detailed explanations of the advantages of Raman over other techniques. Emphasis is placed on the way it has been used to solve a range of analytical problems in the chemical and allied industries.

Author Biography

Michael J. Pelletier is the author of Analytical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
1 Introduction to Applied Raman Spectroscopy	1	(52)
Michael J. Pelletier
1.1 Background	1	(2)
1.2 Phenomenological description of the Raman effect	3	(2)
1.3 Classical theory of the Raman effect	5	(15)
1.4 Analytical considerations for applied Raman spectroscopy	20	(1)
1.5 Quantitative analysis using Raman spectroscopy	20	(2)
1.6 Qualitative analysis using Raman spectroscopy	22	(1)
1.7 Noise in Raman spectra	23	(11)
1.8 Other forms of Raman spectroscopy	34	(7)
1.9 Recognizing measurement problem that may be well suited to Raman spectroscopy	41	(3)
References	44	(9)
2 Raman Instrumentation	53	(53)
Michael J. Pelletier
2.1 Introduction	53	(1)
2.2 General requirements for Raman instrumentation	53	(1)
2.3 Basic instrument types	53	(7)
2.4 Sample interface	60	(15)
2.5 Spectrographs	75	(4)
2.6 Michelson interferometers	79	(5)
2.7 Critical components for Raman spectroscopy	84	(12)
2.8 Laser safety	96	(1)
References	97	(9)
3 Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in the Chemical Industry	106	(21)
Elmer D. Lipp
M. Anne Leugers
3.1 Introduction	106	(1)
3.2 Potential of Raman in the chemical industry	107	(1)
3.3 Applications	108	(16)
3.4 Summary	124	(2)
References	126	(1)
4 Raman Spectroscopy of Synthetic Polymers	127	(66)
Neil Everall
4.1 Introduction	127	(3)
4.2 Basics of polymer vibrational spectra	130	(4)
4.3 Equipment and sampling for polymer Raman spectroscopy	134	(3)
4.4 Polymer identification	137	(8)
4.5 Quantitative analysis of composition	145	(10)
4.6 Polymer microstructure	155	(5)
4.7 Morphology	160	(7)
4.8 Ex situ measurements of cure and degradation	167	(4)
4.9 In situ/on-line measurements	171	(15)
4.10 Conclusions	186	(1)
Acknowledgments	186	(1)
Abbreviations	186	(1)
References	187	(6)
5 Process Control Applications for Raman Spectroscopy in the Petroleum Industry	193	(31)
John Brittain Cooper
5.1 Introduction	193	(2)
5.2 Theory of multivariate calibration and analysis	195	(3)
5.3 Analysis of petroleum fuels	198	(4)
5.4 Sources of error	202	(9)
5.5 Quantitative comparison with other spectroscopic methods	211	(9)
5.6 Summary	220	(2)
References	222	(2)
6 Review of Pharmaceutical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy	224	(52)
Christopher J. Frank
6.1 Introduction	224	(1)
6.2 Opportunities offered by Raman spectroscopy	225	(2)
6.3 Instrumental considerations	227	(3)
6.4 Literature review	230	(8)
6.5 Examples of applying Raman spectroscopy	238	(33)
6.6 Summary	271	(1)
Acknowledgments	271	(1)
References	271	(5)
7 Biomedical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy: Tissue Differentiation and Potential Clinical Usage	276	(52)
Yifu Guan
E. Neil Lewis
Ira W. Levin
7.1 Introduction	276	(1)
7.2 Spectral characteristics of fundamental biomolecules	277	(4)
7.3 Advantages and disadvantages of Raman spectroscopy in biomedical applications	281	(1)
7.4 Biomedical applications of Raman spectroscopy	282	(38)
7.5 Perspective	320	(1)
Acknowledgments	321	(1)
References	321	(7)
8 Recent Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Heterogeneous Catalysts	328	(39)
Nancy J. Ortins
Tracy A. Kruger
Prabir K. Dutta
8.1 Introduction	328	(2)
8.2 Selected examples of heterogeneous catalyst systems	330	(6)
8.3 Raman spectroscopy in catalyst preparation	336	(6)
8.4 Raman spectroscopy for catalyst characterization	342	(6)
8.5 Raman spectroscopy of adsorbed species	348	(13)
8.6 Conclusions	361	(2)
Acknowledgment	363	(1)
References	363	(4)
9 Raman Scattering in Carbon Materials	367	(68)
M. S. Dresselhaus
G. Dresselhaus
M. A. Pimenta
P. C. Eklund
9.1 Introduction	367	(1)
9.2 Overview	367	(1)
9.3 Raman effect in graphite related materials	368	(14)
9.4 Diamond compounds	382	(7)
9.5 Resonant Raman scattering in carbon-based materials	389	(6)
9.6 Introduction to fullerene materials	395	(19)
9.7 Raman scattering in carbon nanotubes	414	(9)
9.8 Summary	423	(2)
Acknowledgments	425	(1)
References	426	(9)
10 Semiconductors	435	(38)
Ingrid De Wolf
10.1 Introduction	435	(1)
10.2 Raman spectroscopy of semiconductors	435	(2)
10.3 Examples	437	(32)
References	469	(4)
Subject Index	473	(4)
Index of Spectra	477