Analyzing the Grammar of English : A Brief Undergraduate Textbook

by TESCHNER RICHARD V.

• ISBN13: 9780878408078
• ISBN10: 087840807X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-10-01
• Publisher: Georgetown Univ Pr

Summary

This second edition offers English and linguistics majors, advanced ESOL learners, and future ESOL instructors a descriptive analysis of the indispensable elements of English grammar. Written for the average American undergraduate and designed to be covered in one semester, this book starts from scratch and takes nothing for granted beyond a reading and speaking knowledge of English (at the advanced level on the OPI scale). It includes frequently interspersed tear-out exercises which promptly test what is taught.This new edition has been updated for the contemporary student and includes revised explanations of case and complementation, among other changes.

Author Biography

Richard V. Teschner is a professor of languages and linguistics at the University of Texas at El Paso. Eston E. Evans is a professor of foreign languages at Tennessee Tech University.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. ix
Analyzing English	p. 1
Ways of Analyzing a Language	p. 1
Parts of Speech	p. 7
Noun	p. 7
Verb	p. 11
Adjective	p. 11
Adverb	p. 12
Pronoun	p. 12
Determiner	p. 12
Quantifier	p. 12
Preposition	p. 12
Cases	p. 17
Word Order/Syntax	p. 21
Sounds: Phonemes and Allophones	p. 27
Forms: Morphemes and Allomorphs	p. 37
/z/--Some Highly Productive English Morphemes	p. 38
/d/--Some Additional Highly Productive English Morphemes	p. 43
Problems with /d/	p. 44
Verbs and Tenses; Forms and Functions	p. 47
Verbs' Forms	p. 47
Regular Verbs	p. 47
Irregular Verbs	p. 48
The Nine Morphological Patterns of Irregular Verbs	p. 50
Three-Form Verbs	p. 50
Four-Form Verbs	p. 51
Five-Form Verbs	p. 51
Verb Tenses and Auxiliary Verbs: The Non-Modal Auxiliaries (do, be, have) and the Modal Auxiliaries	p. 57
The Simple Tenses	p. 57
The Importance of the Subject	p. 57
Imperatives ('Direct Command Forms'), the Present Tense, and the Excluded Subject Pronoun	p. 58
The Compound Tenses: Present and Past	p. 58
The Compound Tenses: Future and Conditional	p. 60
Verb Tense Meanings and Uses	p. 67
The Present Tense	p. 67
The Past Tense	p. 69
The Future and the Conditional Tenses	p. 69
The Progressive Tenses: Present/Past/Future/Conditional	p. 71
The Perfect Tenses: Present/Past/Future/Conditional	p. 71
Basic Structures, Questions, Do-Insertion, Negation, Auxiliaries, Responses, Emphasis, Contraction	p. 77
The Five Basic Structures	p. 77
Two Different Types of Questions	p. 77
Do-Insertion	p. 77
Negation	p. 78
The Role of the First Auxiliary	p. 78
When Non-Modal Auxiliaries be/do/have Are Used as Main Verbs	p. 79
The wh-Fronting Rule	p. 80
Selection Questions	p. 87
Declarative Questions	p. 87
Echo Questions	p. 88
Tag Questions	p. 88
Invariant Tags	p. 90
Elliptical Responses	p. 90
Emphasis and Emphatic Structures	p. 95
Contractions: A Summing Up	p. 99
Modals. Prepositional and Particle Verbs. Transitivity and Voice. Conditionality	p. 107
Modals and Peri-Modals	p. 107
Peri-Modals	p. 109
The Meanings of Modals and Peri-Modals	p. 110
Two-Word Verbs: Prepositional Verbs vs. Particle Verbs	p. 121
General Comments about Prepositional vs. Particle Verbs	p. 124
Transitivity: Active Voice, Passive Voice	p. 129
Intransitive Verbs and "Voice"	p. 136
Transitive Verbs in Superficially Intransitive Constructions	p. 136
Normally Transitive Verbs Used Intransitively	p. 137
Real-World Use of the English Passive: Pragmatic Constraints and Agent-Clause Addition	p. 143
Get Passives	p. 143
Stative Pseudo-Passives	p. 144
Conditionality	p. 151
Some Components of the Noun Phrase: Forms and Functions	p. 159
Person and Number	p. 159
Gender	p. 159
Case	p. 161
Expressing Possession: Genitives and Partitives	p. 162
Partitive-Genitive Constructions	p. 164
Common and Proper Nouns. Determiners. Mass and Count Nouns	p. 169
The Determiners of English	p. 169
Mass-to-Count Shifts	p. 172
Dual-Function Nouns: Nouns That Are Both Mass and Count	p. 173
Definiteness and Specificity	p. 173
Pronouns	p. 179
The English Personal Pronoun System	p. 180
The Morphology of Personal Pronouns	p. 181
Reflexive Pronouns	p. 181
Reciprocal Constructions	p. 183
Demonstratives	p. 191
Indefinite Pronouns, Impersonal Pronouns	p. 192
Relative Pronouns	p. 194
Interrogative Pronouns	p. 195
"Pro-Words": Pronoun-like Words for Sentences, Phrases, Adjectives, and Adverbs	p. 195
Adjectives and Relative Clauses	p. 201
Attributive and Predicate Adjectives: Identification and Syntax	p. 201
The Syntax of Pre-Nominal Attributive Adjectives	p. 207
Adjectives and Adverbs: The Comparative and Superlative Forms	p. 211
The Morphology of Comparatives: When to Use more and When -er	p. 211
The Morphology of Superlatives: When to Use -est and When most	p. 212
Equatives, Comparatives, Superlatives: Construction and Meaning	p. 213
Equatives with Comparative Meanings. Equatives and Comparatives with Superlative Meanings	p. 216
Relative Clauses. Relative Pronouns and Their Antecedents	p. 223
When to Use Who and When to Use Whom	p. 224
Deleting Relative Pronouns: The Creation of Gaps	p. 225
Relative Clause Structures--The 20 Types and Examples	p. 227
The Relativization of the Possessive Determiner whose	p. 229
Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Clauses	p. 239
Present Participle Relative Pronoun Clauses. Past Participle Relative Pronoun Clauses	p. 247
Adverbs. It and There: Referentials and Non-Referentials. Clefts	p. 251
Adverbs	p. 251
It as Referential, It as Non-Referential	p. 259
There as Referential, There as Non-Referential	p. 260
Emphasis: Fronting for Emphasis, Clefting for Emphasis	p. 267
Compound Sentences: Coordination, Subordination	p. 277
Compound Sentences	p. 277
Coordinate Sentences	p. 278
Subordinate Sentences	p. 287
Tenseless Complements	p. 297
that-Clause	p. 299
Infinitive Complement	p. 299
Gerund Complement	p. 303
Commonly Used Matrix Verbs and the Complementation Patterns That They Co-Occur With	p. 306
Purpose Complements	p. 316
Miscellaneous Complementation Patterns	p. 317
Notes	p. 327
Index	p. 329
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