Anatomy & Physiology, Cliffs Notes

by Phillip E. Pack

• ISBN13: 9780822053019
• ISBN10: 0822053012
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-08-01
• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc

Summary

When it comes to pinpointing the stuff you really need to know, nobody does it better than CliffsNotes. This fast, effective tutorial helps you master core physiological concepts - from cells, tissues, and muscles to the immune system, the respiratory system, and the cardiovascular system - and get the best possible grade. At CliffsNotes, we're dedicated to helping you do your best, no matter how challenging the subject. Our authors are veteran teachers and talented writers who know how to cut to the chase - and zero in on the essential information you need to succeed.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(1)
Organization of Living Systems	1	(1)
Homeostasis	2	(1)
Anatomical Terminology	3	(4)
Chemistry	7	(14)
Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds	7	(2)
Inorganic Compounds	9	(1)
Organic Molecules	10	(1)
Carbohydrates	11	(1)
Lipids	12	(2)
Proteins	14	(2)
Nucleic Acids	16	(2)
Chemical Reactions in Metabolic Processes	18	(3)
The Cell	21	(28)
The Cell and Its Membranes	21	(1)
The Plasma Membrane	21	(2)
The Nucleus and Other Organelles	23	(4)
Cell Junctions	27	(1)
Movement of Substances	28	(1)
Passive Transport Processes	29	(1)
Active Transport Processes	30	(1)
Cell Division	31	(1)
Mitosis	32	(3)
Meiosis	35	(3)
DNA Replication	38	(3)
Mutations	41	(1)
Protein Synthesis	41	(8)
Tissues	49	(14)
Epithelial Tissue	49	(1)
Epithelium That Covers or Lines	50	(1)
Glandular Epithelium	51	(4)
Connective Tissue	55	(5)
Epithelial Membranes	60	(1)
Nervous Tissue	61	(1)
Muscle Tissue	62	(1)
The Integumentary System	63	(6)
The Epidermis	63	(2)
The Dermis	65	(1)
The Hypodermis	66	(1)
Accessory Organs of the Skin	66	(2)
Skin Physiology	68	(1)
Bone and Skeletal Tissues	69	(10)
Functions of Bones	69	(1)
Types of Bones	70	(1)
Bone Structure	70	(3)
Bone Development	73	(2)
Bone Growth	75	(1)
Bone Homeostasis	75	(1)
Surface Features of Bones	76	(3)
The Skeletal System	79	(16)
Organization of the Skeleton	79	(3)
Skull: Cranium and Facial Bones	82	(1)
Hyoid Bone	83	(3)
Vertebral Column	86	(4)
Thorax	90	(2)
Pectoral Girdle	92	(1)
Upper Limb	93	(1)
Pelvic Girdle	93	(1)
Lower Limb	94	(1)
Joints	95	(4)
Muscle Tissue	99	(12)
Types of Muscles	99	(1)
Connective Tissue Associated with Muscle Tissue	99	(1)
Structure of Skeletal Muscle	100	(1)
Muscle Contraction	101	(2)
Stimulation of Muscle Contraction	103	(1)
Phases of a Muscle Contraction	104	(1)
Quality of a Muscle Contraction	104	(3)
Muscle Metabolism	107	(3)
Structure of Cardiac Muscle	110	(1)
Structure of Smooth Muscle	110	(1)
The Muscular System	111	(14)
Skeletal Muscle Actions	111	(1)
Names of Skeletal Muscles	112	(1)
Muscle Size and Arrangement of Muscle Fascicles	113	(1)
Major Skeletal Muscles	113	(12)
Nervous Tissue	125	(10)
Neurons	125	(2)
Neuroglia	127	(1)
Myelination	128	(1)
Transmission of Nerve Impulses	129	(3)
The Synapse	132	(3)
The Nervous System	135	(26)
Nervous System Organization	135	(2)
Nervous System Terminology	137	(1)
The Brain	138	(7)
The Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid	145	(1)
The Meninges	146	(1)
The Blood-Brain Barrier	147	(1)
Cranial Nerves	148	(1)
The Spinal Cord	148	(5)
Spinal Nerves	153	(1)
Reflexes	154	(2)
The Autonomic Nervous System	156	(5)
The Sensory System	161	(18)
Sensory Receptors	161	(1)
The Somatic Senses	162	(1)
Vision	163	(8)
Hearing	171	(4)
Equilibrium	175	(1)
Smell	176	(1)
Taste	177	(2)
The Endocrine System	179	(10)
Hormones	179	(1)
Mechanisms of Hormone Action	180	(1)
Control of Hormone Production	181	(1)
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands	182	(1)
Endocrine Organs and Tissues	183	(3)
Antagonistic Hormones	186	(3)
The Cardiovascular System	189	(38)
The Blood	189	(6)
Blood Formation	195	(2)
Hemostasis	197	(2)
Blood Groups	199	(1)
Circulatory Pathways	200	(1)
The Heart	201	(5)
Cardiac Conduction	206	(1)
Cardiac Muscle Contraction	207	(1)
Electrocardiogram	208	(1)
The Cardiac Cycle	209	(3)
Cardiac Output	212	(2)
Blood Vessels	214	(3)
Blood Pressure	217	(1)
Control of Blood Pressure	218	(3)
Blood Vessels of the Body	221	(6)
The Lymphatic System	227	(10)
Lymphatic Vessels	228	(1)
Lymphoid Cells	229	(1)
Lymphatic Tissues and Organs	230	(2)
Lymph Nodes	232	(1)
Thymus	233	(1)
Spleen	234	(3)
The Immune System and Other Body Defenses	237	(12)
Nonspecific Barriers	237	(1)
Nonspecific Defenses	238	(2)
The Immune System	240	(1)
Major Histocompatibility Complex	241	(1)
Lymphocytes	242	(2)
Antibodies	244	(1)
Costimulation	245	(1)
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses	245	(2)
Supplements to the Immune Response	247	(2)
The Respiratory System	249	(14)
Structure of the Respiratory System	249	(5)
Lungs	254	(1)
Mechanics of Breathing	255	(1)
Lung Volumes and Capacities	256	(1)
Gas Exchange	257	(2)
Gas Transport	259	(2)
Control of Respiration	261	(2)
The Digestive System	263	(22)
Structure of the GI Tract Wall	264	(2)
Digestive Enzymes	266	(1)
The Mouth	267	(2)
The Pharynx	269	(1)
The Esophagus	270	(1)
Deglutition (Swallowing)	270	(1)
The Stomach	271	(3)
Small Intestine	274	(3)
Large Intestine	277	(2)
The Pancreas	279	(1)
The Liver and Gallbladder	279	(2)
Regulation of Digestion	281	(4)
The Urinary System	285	(18)
Anatomy of the Kidneys	285	(2)
Blood and Nerve Supply	287	(1)
The Nephron	288	(2)
Kidney Physiology	290	(1)
Glomerular Filtration	291	(2)
Tubular Reabsorption	293	(3)
Tubular Secretion	296	(2)
Regulation of Urine Concentration	298	(2)
Ureters	300	(1)
Urinary Bladder	301	(1)
Urethra	301	(2)
The Reproductive System	303	(1)
The Male Reproductive System	303	(1)
Spermatogenesis	303	(6)
Hormonal Regulation of Spermatogenesis	309	(2)
The Female Reproductive System	311	(5)
Mammary Glands	316	(1)
Oogenesis	317	(2)
Hormonal Regulation of Oogenesis and the Menstrual Cycle	319