Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual

by Tortora, Gerard J.; Amitrano, Robert J.

• ISBN13: 9780130896704
• ISBN10: 0130896705
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Benjamin Cummings

Summary

This best-selling full-color laboratory manual follows a body systems approach and is compatible with any introductory anatomy and physiology text. The numerous, well-developed exercises require students to make microscopic examinations of cells and tissues, observe chemical reactions, perform dissections, record data, and then analyze the results of their work. A clear, accessible writing style and abundant illustrations address the needs of different learning types. Dissections of various animal organs are included.

Table of Contents

Laboratory Safety	xi
Selected Laboratory Safety Signs/Lables	xiv
Commonly Used Laboratory Equipment	xv
Pronunciation Key	xvii
Microscopy	1	(8)
Compound Light Microscope	1	(8)
Introduction to the Human Body	9	(22)
Anatomy and Physiology	9	(1)
Levels of Structural Organization	10	(1)
Systems of the Body	10	(2)
Life Processes	12	(1)
Homeostasis	13	(1)
Anatomical Position and Regional Names	14	(3)
External Features of the Body	17	(1)
Directional Terms	17	(1)
Planes of the Body	18	(1)
Body Cavities	19	(1)
Abdominopelvic Regions	19	(2)
Abdominopelvic Quadrants	21	(1)
Dissection of White Rat	21	(10)
Cells	31	(20)
Cell Parts	31	(2)
Diversity of Cells	33	(1)
Movement of Substances Across and Through Plasma Membranes	33	(6)
Extracellular Materials	39	(1)
Cell Division	40	(11)
Tissues	51	(18)
Epithelial Tissue	51	(6)
Connective Tissue	57	(7)
Membranes	64	(5)
Integumentary System	69	(12)
Skin	69	(3)
Hair	72	(1)
Glands	73	(1)
Nails	74	(1)
Homeostasis of Body Temperature	75	(6)
Bone Tissue	81	(12)
Functions of Bone	81	(1)
Gross Structure of a Long Bone	81	(1)
Histology of Bone	82	(1)
Chemistry of Bones	83	(2)
Bone Formation: Ossification	85	(1)
Bone Growth	85	(1)
Fractures	86	(1)
Types of Bones	86	(2)
Bone Surface Markings	88	(5)
Bones	93	(30)
Bones of Adult Skull	93	(7)
Sutures of Skull	100	(1)
Fontanels of Skull	100	(1)
Paranasal Sinuses of Skull	100	(2)
Vertebral Column	102	(1)
Vertebrae	102	(4)
Sternum and Ribs	106	(2)
Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdles	108	(1)
Upper Limbs	108	(5)
Pelvic (Hip) Girdle	113	(1)
Lower Limbs	114	(5)
Articulated Skeleton	119	(4)
Articulations	123	(12)
Kinds of Joints	123	(1)
Fibrous Joints	123	(1)
Cartilaginous Joints	123	(1)
Synovial Joints	124	(6)
Knee Joint	130	(5)
Muscle Tissue	135	(12)
Types of Muscle Tissue	135	(1)
Structure of Skeletal Muscle Tissue	135	(2)
Contraction of Skeletal Muscle Tissue	137	(2)
Laboratory Tests on Skeletal Muscle Contraction	139	(1)
Biochemistry of Skeletal Muscle Contraction	140	(1)
Electromyography	140	(1)
Cardiac Muscle Tissue	141	(1)
Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue	141	(6)
Skeletal Muscles	147	(48)
How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movement	147	(1)
Arrangement of Fascicles	148	(1)
Naming Skeletal Muscles	148	(1)
Connective Tissue Components	148	(1)
Principal Skeletal Muscles	148	(39)
Composite Muscular System	187	(8)
Surface Anatomy	195	(20)
Head	195	(1)
Neck	195	(2)
Trunk	197	(3)
Upper Limb (Extremity)	200	(5)
Lower Limb (Extremity)	205	(10)
Nervous Tissue	215	(10)
Nervous System Divisions	215	(1)
Histology of Nervous Tissue	216	(1)
Histology of Neuroglia	216	(2)
Neuronal Circuits	218	(1)
Reflex Arc	219	(3)
Demonstration of Reflex Arc	222	(3)
Nervous System	225	(40)
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves	225	(14)
Brain	239	(9)
Cranial Nerves	248	(1)
Tests of Cranial Nerve Function	248	(3)
Dissection of Sheep Brain	251	(14)
General Senses and Sensory Motor Pathways	265	(16)
Characteristics of Sensations	265	(1)
Classification of Receptors	266	(1)
Receptors for General Senses	267	(2)
Tests for General Senses	269	(3)
Somatic Sensory Pathways	272	(1)
Sensory-Motor Integration	272	(1)
Somatic Motor Pathways	273	(8)
Special Senses	281	(24)
Olfactory Sensations	281	(1)
Gustatory Sensations	282	(3)
Visual Sensations	285	(8)
Auditory Sensations and Equilibrium	293	(12)
Endocrine System	305	(14)
Endocrine Glands	305	(1)
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)	305	(3)
Thyroid Gland	308	(1)
Parathyroid Glands	309	(1)
Adrenal (Suprarenal) Glands	310	(1)
Pancreas	311	(1)
Testes	312	(1)
Ovaries	313	(1)
Pineal Gland (Epiphysis Cerebri)	314	(1)
Thymus Gland	315	(1)
Other Endocrine Tissues	315	(1)
Physiology of the Endocrine System	316	(3)
Blood	319	(28)
Components of Blood	319	(1)
Plasma	319	(3)
Erythrocytes	322	(1)
Red Blood Cell Tests	322	(10)
Leukocytes	332	(1)
White Blood Cell Tests	332	(3)
Platelets	335	(1)
Drawings of Blood Cells	335	(1)
Blood Grouping (Typing)	336	(11)
Heart	347	(14)
Pericardium	347	(1)
Heart Wall	347	(1)
Chambers of Heart and Great Vessels of Heart	348	(5)
Valves of Heart	353	(1)
Blood Supply of Heart	353	(1)
Dissection of Sheep Heart	353	(8)
Blood Vessels	361	(34)
Arteries and Arterioles	361	(1)
Capillaries	361	(1)
Venules and Veins	361	(1)
Circulatory Routes	361	(31)
Blood Vessel Exercise	392	(3)
Cardiovascular Physiology	395	(14)
Cardiac Conduction System and Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)	395	(4)
Cardiac Cycle	399	(2)
Cardiac Cycle Experiments	401	(1)
Heart Sounds	401	(1)
Pulse Rate	402	(1)
Blood Pressure (Auscultation Method)	403	(1)
Observing Blood Flow	404	(5)
Lymphatic System	409	(6)
Lymphatic Vessels	409	(1)
Lymphatic Tissue	409	(2)
Lymph Circulation	411	(4)
Respiratory System	415	(28)
Organs of the Respiratory System	415	(9)
Dissection of Sheep Pluck	424	(1)
Laboratory Tests on Respiration	424	(10)
Laboratory Tests Combining Respiratory and Cardiovascular Interactions	434	(9)
Digestive System	443	(28)
General Organization of Digestive System	443	(1)
Organs of Digestive System	443	(13)
Deglutition	456	(1)
Chemistry of Digestion	457	(14)
Urinary System	471	(24)
Organs of Urinary System	471	(7)
Dissection of Sheep (or Pig) Kidney	478	(1)
Renal Physiology Experiments	479	(1)
Urine	479	(2)
Urinalysis	481	(14)
pH and Acid-Base Balance	495	(12)
The Concept of pH	495	(1)
Measuring pH	495	(1)
Acid-Base Balance	496	(4)
Acid-Base Imbalances	500	(1)
Renal Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Concentration	501	(6)
Reproductive Systems	507	(24)
Organs of Male Reproductive System	507	(5)
Organs of Female Reproductive System	512	(12)
Dissection of Fetus-Containing Pig Uterus	524	(7)
Development	531	(16)
Spermatogenesis	531	(2)
Oogenesis	533	(1)
Embryonic Period	534	(8)
Fetal Period	542	(5)
Genetics	547	(16)
Genotype and Phenotype	547	(1)
Punnett Squares	547	(1)
Sex Inheritance	548	(2)
Sex-Linked Inheritance	550	(1)
Mendelian Laws	551	(2)
Multiple Alleles	553	(1)
Genetics Exercises	553	(10)
Appendix A: Some Important Units of Measurement	563	(1)
Appendix B: Periodic Table of the Elements	564	(1)
Appendix C: Eponyms Used in This Laboratory Manual	565	(1)
Figure Credits	566	(1)
Index	567