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9780130289179

Anatomy of the Sacred : An Introduction to Religion

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780130289179

  • ISBN10:

    0130289175

  • Edition: 4th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2001-01-01
  • Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Summary

Part Two examines universal forms of religious experience and expression and includes discussions of the sacred or holy; the nature of religious symbolism, myth, and doctrine; religious ritual; sacred scripture; as well s the social forms and dimensions of religion.

Part Three consists of a comparative analysis of six fundamental components that make up a religious world-view. These include deity or ultimate reality; cosmogony; the nature of the human problem, theodicy or the problem of evil; ethics or moral action; and the ways and goals of salvation or enlightenment. Examples are selected from a wide range of primal and archaic religions as well as from the great historical religious traditions of the present. An epilogue explores the challenges to religion introduced by modern pluralism and secularization.

Among this text's special features are:

  • A highly readable comparative study of religious experience that incorporates the most up-to-date scholarship and translates it into terms accessible to undergraduates.
  • Extensive citation of well-selected cross-cultural primary materials from primal, archaic, and modern religious traditions that illustrate the great variety of religious belief and practice.
  • Each chapter includes an introductory overview, photographs, key words, review questions, suggestions for further reading, and a comprehensive glossary of terms and proper names.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
Part I The Study of Religion 1(50)
What Is Religion?
3(20)
Overview
3(1)
Defining Religion
4(7)
Why Are Humans Religious?
11(2)
Why Study Religion?
13(3)
The Perspective of the Student--Commitment and Objectivity
16(5)
Notes
21(1)
Key Words
21(1)
Review Questions
21(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
22(1)
Ways of Studying Religion
23(28)
Overview
23(1)
Theology and Religious Studies
24(1)
Literary Criticism
25(5)
Textual Criticism
26(2)
Documentary or Source Criticism
28(1)
Form Criticism
29(1)
Redaction Criticism
29(1)
Reader Response Criticism
30(1)
Historiography
30(3)
Anthropology
33(2)
Sociology
35(1)
Psychology
36(1)
Philosophy
37(2)
Phenomenology
39(2)
Interpreting and Explaining Religion
41(5)
Notes
46(1)
Key Words
47(1)
Review Questions
47(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
48(3)
Part II Universal Forms of Religious Experience and Expression 51(138)
The Sacred and The Holy
53(20)
Overview
53(1)
The Concept of Sacred Power
54(1)
The Ambivalence of Sacred Power
54(2)
The Holy as Mysterium Tremendum and Fascinans
56(4)
Sacred Space and Sacred Time
60(9)
The Buddhist Stupa and Pagoda as Sacred Space
63(2)
Mount Zion as Sacred Space
65(4)
Religion as Ultimate Concern
69(1)
Notes
70(1)
Key Words
70(1)
Review Questions
71(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
71(2)
Sacred Symbol, Myth, and Doctrine
73(24)
Overview
73(1)
Symbolic Communication
74(2)
Religious Symbols
76(4)
Metaphor, Parable, and Story
80(10)
Religious Myth
83(3)
Functionalist Theory of Myth
86(1)
Carl Jung's Psychotherapeutic Theory of Myth
87(2)
Mircea Eliade's Phenomenological Interpretation
89(1)
Models and Doctrines
90(3)
Notes
93(1)
Key Words
94(1)
Review Questions
94(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
95(2)
Sacred Ritual
97(27)
Overview
97(1)
Ritual Action
98(1)
Approaches to the Study of Ritual
99(3)
Types of Sacred Ritual
102(13)
Life-Cycle Rites
103(6)
Life-Crisis Rites: A Healing Ritual
109(2)
Calendar or Seasonal Rituals
111(4)
Ritual and Sacrifice
115(4)
Rituals as Sacraments
119(2)
Notes
121(1)
Key Words
122(1)
Review Questions
122(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
123(1)
Sacred Scripture
124(35)
Overview
124(2)
The Pervasive Role of Sacred Scripture
126(2)
Using the Term ``Scripture''
128(1)
Some Distinctive Features of Scripture
129(3)
The Authority and Canonicity of Scripture
132(4)
The Reception and Uses of Scripture
136(6)
The Interpretation of Scripture
142(13)
Buddhist Interpretation
143(6)
Christian Biblical Interpretation
149(6)
Notes
155(1)
Key Words
156(1)
Review Questions
156(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
157(2)
Society and the Sacred: Social Formations of Religion
159(30)
Overview
159(1)
The Reciprocal Relationship between Religion and Society
160(2)
Types of Religious Communities
162(7)
Natural Religious Communities
162(3)
Voluntary Religious Communities
165(4)
Protest and Change in Voluntary Religious Communities
169(4)
Reform from within the Church
170(3)
Secession from the Church-Type Community
173(1)
The Sect
173(4)
The Cult: New Religious Movements
177(7)
Transcendental Meditation
179(2)
The Unification Church--the ``Moonies''
181(3)
Notes
184(1)
Key Words
185(1)
Review Questions
186(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
186(3)
Part III Universal Components of a Religious Worldview 189(212)
Deity: Concepts of the Divine and Ultimate Reality
191(32)
Overview
191(1)
Polytheism and the Worship of Nature
192(10)
Sky Gods
194(2)
Mother Goddesses
196(6)
Dualism
202(4)
Chinese Yin-Yang
202(1)
Dualism of Cosmic Struggle
203(3)
Pantheism and Monism
206(4)
Monotheism
210(9)
Notes
219(1)
Key Words
220(1)
Review Questions
220(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
221(2)
Cosmogony: Origins of the Natural and Social Order
223(27)
Overview
223(1)
The Practical Basis of Cosmogony
224(2)
Emergence or Procreation from a Primal Substance or Being
226(2)
The Sexual Union of a Primal Male and Female
228(3)
Creation by Conflict and the Ordering of Chaos
231(4)
Creation by a Divine Craftsman
235(3)
Creation by Decree or from Nothing
238(4)
The Rejection of Cosmogonic Speculation
242(2)
Cosmogony Today
244(3)
Notes
247(1)
Key Words
248(1)
Review Questions
248(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
249(1)
Anthropology: The Human Problem
250(25)
Overview
250(1)
Modern Views of Our Human Plight
251(2)
Stoicism
253(3)
Christianity
256(5)
Theravada Buddhism
261(5)
Confucianism
266(5)
Notes
271(1)
Key Words
272(1)
Review Questions
273(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
273(2)
Theodicy: Encountering Evil
275(29)
Overview
275(2)
The Persistent Demand for Theodicy
277(1)
Theodicy of ``Mystical Participation''
278(1)
A Future, This-Worldly Theodicy
279(5)
Other-Worldly Theodicy
284(1)
Dualism
285(2)
The Karma-Samsara Theodicy
287(2)
Monotheistic Theodicies
289(12)
Suffering as Recompense for Sin
290(1)
Suffering as a Test and as a Necessary Condition of ``Soul-Making''
291(3)
A Theodicy of Submission: The Mystery of God's Sovereignty
294(4)
Process Theodicy
298(1)
A Theodicy of Protest
299(2)
Notes
301(1)
Key Words
302(1)
Review Questions
302(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
303(1)
Ethics: Patterns of Moral Action
304(34)
Overview
304(1)
Virtues and Obligations
305(4)
The Sources and Norms of Moral Authority
309(24)
Cosmic or Natural Law
309(6)
Charismatic Leaders
315(7)
An Ethics of Divine Command
322(11)
Notes
333(1)
Key Words
334(1)
Review Questions
335(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
336(2)
Soteriology: Ways of Salvation and Liberation
338(32)
Overview
338(1)
The Way of Grace through Faith
339(7)
Martin Luther
340(3)
Shinran
343(3)
The Way of Devotion
346(4)
The Way of Action and Obligation
350(10)
Hinduism
351(2)
Islam
353(4)
Judaism
357(3)
The Way of Meditation and Insight
360(6)
The Yoga Techniques of Patanjali
361(2)
Theravada Buddhism
363(3)
Notes
366(1)
Key Words
366(1)
Review Questions
367(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
368(2)
Eschatology: Goals of Salvation and Liberation
370(31)
Overview
370(2)
Psychic Wholeness and a Healthy Social Order
372(3)
A Messianic, or Utopian, Age
375(8)
Ancient Israel's Messianic Hope
376(4)
Chinese Marxism
380(3)
Resurrection, Immortality, and Eternal Life
383(9)
Immortality in Ancient Egypt and Greece
384(2)
Postbiblical Judaism and Christianity
386(6)
Samadhi and Nirvana
392(4)
Hindu Samadhi
392(1)
Buddhist Nirvana
393(3)
Notes
396(1)
Key Words
397(1)
Review Questions
397(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
398(3)
Epilogue 401(3)
Notes 404(1)
Glossary 405(12)
Index 417

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