Animal Diversity

by Hickman, Cleveland P.; Roberts, Larry S.; Keen, Susan L.; Larson, Allan; Eisenhour, David J.

• ISBN13: 9780072528442
• ISBN10: 0072528443
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-02-07
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math

Summary

A top choice among students and instructors alike,Animal Diversitycontinues to earn the appreciation of both science majors and non-majors alike. The book uses the theme of evolution to develop a broad-scale view of animal diversity-students focus not only the organisms themselves, but also the processes that produce evolutionary diversity. The book is unique in its comprehensive survey of zoological diversity and its emphasis on evolutionary, systematic and ecological principles, all in one package.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Science of Zoology and Evolution of Animal Diversity	1	(33)
Principles of Science	2	(3)
Origins of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory	5	(4)
Darwin's Theory of Evolution	9	(4)
Evidence for Darwin's Five Theories of Evolution	13	(12)
Revisions of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory	25	(1)
Microevolution: Genetic Variation and Change within Species	25	(5)
Macroevolution: Major Evolutionary Events	30	(4)
Summary	31	(1)
Review Questions	32	(1)
Selected References	33	(1)
Custom Website	33	(1)
Animal Ecology	34	(19)
Environment and the Niche	36	(1)
Populations	37	(4)
Community Ecology	41	(5)
Ecosystems	46	(4)
Biodiversity and Extinction	50	(3)
Summary	50	(1)
Review Questions	51	(1)
Selected References	52	(1)
Custom Website	52	(1)
Animal Architecture	53	(19)
The Hierarchical Organization of Animal Complexity	54	(1)
Animal Body Plans	54	(6)
How Many Body Plans Are There?	60	(2)
Components of Metazoan Bodies	62	(7)
Complexity and Body Size	69	(3)
Summary	70	(1)
Review Questions	70	(1)
Selected References	71	(1)
Custom Website	71	(1)
Classification and Phylogeny of Animals	72	(16)
Linnaeus and Classification	73	(1)
Species	74	(2)
Taxonomic Characters and Reconstruction of Phylogeny	76	(2)
Theories of Taxonomy	78	(5)
Major Divisions of Life	83	(1)
Major Subdivisions of the Animal Kingdom	83	(5)
Summary	86	(1)
Review Questions	86	(1)
Selected References	87	(1)
Custom Website	87	(1)
Protozoan Groups	88	(22)
Form and Function	90	(7)
Protozoan Taxa	97	(9)
Phylogeny and Adaptive Radiation	106	(4)
Summary	108	(1)
Review Questions	108	(1)
Selected References	108	(1)
Custom Website	109	(1)
Sponges: Phylum Porifera	110	(12)
Ecological Relationships	111	(1)
Form and Function	112	(5)
Brief Survey of Sponges	117	(2)
Phytogeny and Adaptive Radiation	119	(3)
Summary	120	(1)
Review Questions	120	(1)
Selected References	121	(1)
Custom Website	121	(1)
Radiate Animals: Cnidarians and Ctenophores	122	(23)
Phylum Cnidaria	123	(17)
Phylum Ctenophora	140	(2)
Phylogeny and Adaptive Radiation	142	(3)
Summary	143	(1)
Review Questions	143	(1)
Selected References	144	(1)
Custom Website	144	(1)
Acoelomate Bilateral Animals: Flatworms, Ribbon Worms, and Jaw Worms	145	(17)
Phylum Platyhelminthes	146	(10)
Phylum Nemertea (Rhynchocoela)	156	(2)
Phylum Gnathostomulida	158	(1)
Phylogeny and Adaptive Radiation	158	(4)
Summary	160	(1)
Review Questions	160	(1)
Selected References	161	(1)
Custom Website	161	(1)
Pseudocoelomate Animals	162	(15)
Phylum Rotifera	163	(2)
Phylum Acanthocephala	165	(1)
Clade Micrognathozoa	165	(1)
Phylum Gastrotricha	166	(1)
Phylum Entoprocta	166	(1)
Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms	167	(6)
Phylum Nematomorpha	173	(1)
Phylum Kinorhyncha	173	(1)
Phylum Priapulida	173	(1)
Phylum Loricifera	174	(1)
Phylogeny and Adaptive Radiation	174	(3)
Summary	175	(1)
Review Questions	175	(1)
Selected References	176	(1)
Custom Website	176	(1)
Molluscs	177	(26)
Form and Function	179	(3)
Classes Caudofoveata and Solenogastres	182	(1)
Class Monoplacophora	182	(1)
Class Polyplacophora: Chitons	183	(1)
Class Scaphopoda	184	(1)
Class Gastropoda	184	(5)
Class Bivalvia (Pelecypoda)	189	(5)
Class Cephalopoda	194	(3)
Phylogeny and Adaptive Radiation	197	(6)
Summary	200	(1)
Review Questions	201	(1)
Selected References	201	(1)
Custom Website	202	(1)
Segmented Worms: Annelids, Including Pogonophorans	203	(16)
Body Plan	205	(1)
Class Polychaeta	206	(3)
Clade Siboglinidae (Pogonophorans)	209	(1)
Class Oligochaeta	210	(4)
Class Hirudinea	214	(1)
Phylogeny and Adaptive Radiation	215	(4)
Summary	217	(1)
Review Questions	218	(1)
Selected References	218	(1)
Custom Website	218	(1)
Arthropods	219	(42)
Subphylum Trilobita	222	(1)
Subphylum Chelicerata	222	(6)
Subphylum Crustacea	228	(8)
Subphylum Myriapoda	236	(19)
Phylogeny and Adaptive Radiation	255	(6)
Summary	258	(1)
Review Questions	258	(1)
Selected References	259	(1)
Custom Website	260	(1)
Lesser Protostomes	261	(12)
Phylum Sipuncula	262	(1)
Phylum Echiura	262	(1)
Lophophorates	263	(1)
Phylum Phoronida	263	(1)
Phylum Brachiopoda	264	(1)
Phylum Ectoprocta	265	(2)
Phylum Pentastomida	267	(1)
Phylum Onychophora	267	(1)
Phylum Tardigrada	268	(1)
Phylum Chaotognatha: Arrowworms	269	(1)
Phylogeny	269	(4)
Summary	270	(1)
Review Questions	271	(1)
Selected References	271	(1)
Custom Website	272	(1)
Echinoderms and Hemichordates	273	(20)
Phylum Echinodermata	274	(13)
Phylum Hemichordata	287	(6)
Summary	290	(1)
Review Questions	291	(1)
Selected References	291	(1)
Custom Website	292	(1)
Vertebrate Beginnings: The Chordates	293	(17)
Five Chordate Hallmarks	295	(4)
Ancestry and Evolution	299	(1)
Subphylum Urochordata (Tunicata)	299	(1)
Subphylum Cephalochordata	300	(1)
Subphylum Vertebrata	301	(9)
Summary	307	(1)
Review Questions	308	(1)
Selected References	308	(1)
Custom Website	309	(1)
Fishes	310	(24)
Ancestry and Relationships of Major Groups of Fishes	311	(1)
Living Jawless Fishes	311	(5)
Cartilaginous Fishes: Class Chondrichthyes	316	(2)
Bony Fishes: The Osteichthyes Origin, Evolution, and Diversity	318	(5)
Structural and Functional Adaptations of Fishes	323	(11)
Summary	331	(1)
Review Questions	332	(1)
Selected References	332	(1)
Custom Website	333	(1)
The Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians	334	(14)
Movement onto Land	335	(1)
Early Evolution of Terrestrial Vertebrates	335	(3)
Modern Amphibians	338	(10)
Summary	346	(1)
Review Questions	347	(1)
Selected References	347	(1)
Custom Website	347	(1)
Amniote Origins and Reptilian Groups	348	(18)
Origin and Adaptive Radiation of Reptilian Groups	349	(3)
Characteristics of Reptiles That Distinguish Them From Amphibians	352	(2)
Characteristics and Natural History of Reptilian Orders	354	(12)
Summary	364	(1)
Review Questions	364	(1)
Selected References	365	(1)
Custom Website	365	(1)
Birds	366	(24)
Origin and Relationships	367	(3)
Structural and Functional Adaptations for Flight	370	(7)
Flight	377	(2)
Migration and Navigation	379	(2)
Social Behavior and Reproduction	381	(3)
Humans and Bird Populations	384	(6)
Summary	388	(1)
Review Questions	389	(1)
Selected References	389	(1)
Custom Website	389	(1)
Mammals	390	(25)
Origin and Evolution of Mammals	391	(3)
Structural and Functional Adaptations of Mammals	394	(10)
Mammalian Populations	404	(1)
Human Evolution	405	(10)
Summary	412	(1)
Review Questions	413	(1)
Selected References	413	(1)
Custom Website	414	(1)
General References	415	(2)
Glossary	417	(23)
Credits	440	(3)
Index	443