Animal Science and Industry

by Cunningham, Merle; Acker, Duane; LaTour, Mickey

• ISBN13: 9780130462565
• ISBN10: 013046256X
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-05-20
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Now in its seventh edition, Animal Science and Industry remains an outstanding, easy to read introduction to the principles of animal science as well as the industry of animal production and management. It provides comprehensive coverage vital to the proper care and well-being of animals, including animal nutrition and digestion, environment, health, behavior, reproduction, lactation, and genetics/breeding. Also included are all aspects of specific production and management practices-as well as concepts in the marketing of animals and the processing of their products-as these aspects relate to beef, dairy, horse, poultry, sheep, swine, and aquaculture industries. Global trends in animal product consumption, to feed manufacturing, the ruminant digestive system, nutrition and feedlot management, farm animal reproduction, genes and chromosomes, the importance of milk production in different species, growth and development, marketing meat animals, the merchandising and promotion of wool, the business of producing eggs, and much more. For those in farm and animal production enterprises.

Author Biography

 

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Animal Agriculture	1	(38)
Global Trends in Animal Product Consumption	2	(6)
Changes in American Farm Population, Numbers, and Size	8	(2)
U.S. Land Resources	10	(1)
Why Are American Farmers So Productive?	11	(2)
Our Economic System	11	(1)
Land and Climatic Conditions	11	(1)
Our Educational Systems	11	(1)
Our Specialized Agribusiness	12	(1)
Our Specialized Research	12	(1)
Animal Agriculture: The Role of Animals	13	(1)
The Gene Pool and Animal Classification	14	(2)
Animal Adaptation	16	(2)
Essential Factors of All Animal Enterprises	18	(2)
Quantity and Quality of Labor	18	(1)
Capital Investment	19	(1)
Acreage Needs---Pasture or Confinement	19	(1)
Stability of Product	19	(1)
Characteristics of Specific Enterprises	20	(8)
Dairy Production	20	(1)
Sheep Production	21	(1)
Beef Cattle	22	(1)
Swine Production	23	(1)
Poultry Production	24	(2)
Horse Management	26	(1)
Aquaculture	27	(1)
Animal Agriculture, Animal Welfare, and Companion Animals	28	(2)
The Environment and Animal Waste Management	30	(9)
Questions for Study and Discussion	36	(3)
The Animal Industry	39	(20)
Livestock and Poultry Density	41	(1)
The Animal Genetics Industry	42	(2)
The Feed Industry	44	(2)
Veterinarians and Animal Health	46	(1)
Facilities and Equipment	47	(1)
Markets	48	(1)
Processors	49	(2)
Restaurants and Food Retailers	51	(1)
The Animal Sciences	51	(6)
Environmental Physiology and Animal Management	52	(1)
Animal Health	53	(1)
Genetics and Animal Reproduction	53	(1)
Other Biotechnology Examples	54	(2)
Products	56	(1)
Government Agencies and Private Organizations	57	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	58	(1)
Nutrients and their Sources	59	(32)
Classes of Nutrients	61	(1)
How Nutrients May Be Used	61	(2)
Carbohydrates	63	(3)
Lipids: Fats and Oils	66	(1)
Proteins (Amino Acids)	67	(3)
Water	70	(2)
Minerals	72	(4)
Vitamins	76	(3)
Vitamin Solubility	76	(1)
Sources of Vitamins	76	(2)
Specific Roles of Vitamins	78	(1)
Nutrient Absorption and Formation by Plants	79	(2)
Feeds and Their Nutrient Content	81	(10)
Questions for Study and Discussion	88	(3)
The Digestive and Metabolic Systems	91	(16)
Nonruminant Digestive System	92	(3)
Prehension, Mastication, and Salivation	95	(1)
Enzymatic Digestion	95	(2)
Absorption	97	(1)
Digestive System of the Horse	98	(2)
Ruminant Digestive System	100	(3)
Nutrient Transport	103	(1)
Nutrient Storage	103	(1)
Nutrient Utilization in the Cell	104	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	105	(2)
Nutrition of Nonruminants	107	(16)
Nutrient Requirements	109	(1)
Recommended Nutrient Levels	110	(2)
Formulating Rations	112	(3)
Feeds and Their Effect on Consumption	115	(4)
Feed Additives	119	(1)
Nutritional Imbalances and Deficiencies	120	(1)
Other Species	120	(1)
Nutrition and the Newborn	120	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	121	(2)
Nutrition of Ruminants	123	(20)
Nutrient Requirements	125	(4)
Factors Affecting Feed Intake	129	(1)
Formulating Daily Rations for Cows and Ewes	130	(1)
Rations for Finishing Cattle and Lambs	130	(4)
Dairy Calves and Growing Heifers (Herd Replacements)	134	(4)
Dairy Cows	138	(5)
Questions for Study and Discussion	142	(1)
Nutrition of Horses and Ponies	143	(12)
Nutrient Requirements	143	(3)
Feeds	146	(2)
Energy Feeds	146	(1)
Protein Supplements	147	(1)
Forages	147	(1)
Consumption and Influences	148	(1)
Nutrition and Performance	149	(1)
Pregnancy and the Foal	149	(1)
Other Feeding Management Precautions	150	(3)
Nutritional Deficiencies and Imbalances	153	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	153	(2)
Evaluation of Feeder Animals	155	(18)
Inheritance and Range in Performing Ability	157	(1)
Feeder Cattle	158	(8)
Breed Differences	159	(1)
Age and Weight	160	(2)
Sex and Sex Condition	162	(1)
Conformation and Performance	163	(1)
Other Indicators of Performance	163	(3)
Handling for Good Performance	166	(1)
Feeder Lambs	166	(3)
Breeding and Color Markings	167	(1)
Age and Weight	167	(1)
Sex and Sex Condition	167	(1)
Grades and Conformation	168	(1)
Other Influences on Performance	169	(1)
Feeder Pigs	169	(4)
Health and Preparation	170	(1)
Appraisal Systems and Weight	170	(1)
Sex and Sex Condition	171	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	171	(2)
Animal Growth and Carcass Composition	173	(10)
Chronological versus Physiological Growth	174	(1)
Measures of Growth	174	(1)
The Growth Curve and Its Phases	175	(2)
Hormonal Control of Growth	177	(1)
Factors Affecting Growth	178	(2)
Carcass Composition	180	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	182	(1)
The Feeding Enterprise	183	(12)
Geographic Concentration	183	(1)
Feedlot Management	184	(3)
Capital and Costs	187	(2)
Influences on Animal Performance and Feedlot Profit	189	(1)
Profit Margin	190	(1)
Price Protection	191	(3)
Tax Considerations	194	(1)
Questions for Study and Discussion	194	(1)
Animal Environment and Adaptation	195	(20)
Heat Loss and Heat Production	196	(3)
The Comfort Zone and Critical Temperature	199	(1)
Physiological Acclimatization to Temperature Stress	200	(1)
Controlling Heat Stress	200	(5)
Shade	201	(1)
Evaporative Cooling	202	(1)
Refrigerated Cooling	203	(1)
Feed and Water Needs during Heat Stress	203	(2)
Controlling Cold Stress	205	(1)
Effective Temperature and Wind Chill Index	205	(1)
Windbreaks	206	(1)
Ration Adjustments during Heat or Cold Stress	206	(1)
Other Environmental Factors	207	(1)
Ventilation	207	(3)
Flooring or Lot Surface	210	(1)
Space Requirements	210	(1)
Animal Waste Management	211	(4)
Questions for Study and Discussion	213	(2)
Animal Health	215	(24)
Economic and Human Safety Concerns	216	(1)
Disease Defined and Classified	217	(1)
Predators and Injuries	217	(1)
Nutritional Deficiencies	218	(2)
Metabolic Disorders	220	(1)
Toxins and Poisons	220	(2)
Parasites and Protozoa	222	(2)
Types of Infectious Agents	224	(3)
Viruses	224	(1)
Bacteria	225	(1)
Protozoa	225	(2)
Fungi	227	(1)
Rickettsiae and Mycoplasmas	227	(1)
Immunity and Vaccination	227	(1)
Reproductive and Respiratory Problems	228	(1)
Eradication and Repopulation Programs	229	(2)
Typical Herd Health Programs	231	(3)
Role of the Veterinarian	234	(3)
Diagnostic Services	237	(1)
Biosecurity	237	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	238	(1)
Animal Behavior	239	(22)
Animal Behavior as a Science	240	(1)
Domestication and Genetic Influences on Behavior	241	(2)
Environmental Influences on Behavior	243	(1)
Physiology	243	(2)
Perception and the Sensory Systems	245	(4)
Vision	245	(2)
Smell	247	(1)
Hearing	247	(1)
Touch	248	(1)
Taste	248	(1)
Other Factors Affecting Perception	249	(1)
Learning and Training	249	(1)
Animal Communication	250	(1)
Understanding Animal Behavior	251	(2)
Group Behavior and Social Order	253	(3)
Grazing and Feeding Behavior	256	(1)
Sleeping and Resting Behavior	257	(1)
Sexual and Reproductive Behavior	258	(1)
Behavioral Problems and Abnormalities	259	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	260	(1)
Physiology of Reproduction	261	(34)
Reproductive Performance and Profitability	262	(1)
The Male Reproductive System	262	(7)
Testicles	263	(4)
Accessory Glands	267	(1)
Urethra	268	(1)
Factors Affecting Sperm Production	268	(1)
Castration	269	(1)
Cryptorchids	269	(1)
The Female Reproductive System	269	(6)
Ovaries and Ovarian Function	270	(1)
Oviducts (or Fallopian Tubes)	271	(1)
Uterus	271	(1)
Cervix	271	(1)
Vagina, Vestibule, and Vulva	271	(1)
Estrous Cycle	271	(4)
Pregnancy	275	(3)
Implantation	276	(1)
Placentation	277	(1)
Parturition	278	(1)
The Reproductive System in Domesticated Fowl	278	(6)
The Male Reproductive System	278	(1)
The Female Reproductive System	279	(2)
Egg Formation in the Fowl	281	(1)
Incubation and Hatching	282	(2)
Artificial Insemination	284	(1)
Estrus Synchronization	285	(2)
Multiple Ovulation	287	(2)
Embryo Transplanting	289	(6)
Questions for Study and Discussion	292	(3)
Management Regime and Reproductive Efficiency	295	(12)
Critical Nutrients for Reproduction	296	(2)
Growth and Development of Breeding Stock	298	(3)
Flushing and Other Nutritional Considerations	301	(1)
Other Influences on Conception	301	(2)
Nutritional Management during Pregnancy	303	(1)
Reproductive Efficiency in Poultry	304	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	305	(2)
Lactation	307	(20)
Importance of Milk Production in Various Species	309	(3)
Hormonal Influences in Mammary Development and Lactation	312	(1)
Location, Number, and Appearance of Mammary Glands	313	(2)
Anatomy of the Udder	315	(1)
Milk Synthesis---Components of Milk	316	(1)
Rate of Milk Synthesis	317	(1)
Milk Let-Down	318	(1)
Nutrition and Milk Composition	319	(1)
Colostrum	320	(1)
Flavors and Odors	321	(1)
Appearance and Other Milk Quality Factors	322	(1)
Udder Health, Mastitis, and Mammary Gland Injuries	322	(5)
Questions for Study and Discussion	324	(3)
Genetics	327	(18)
Genes and Chromosomes	328	(1)
Transmission of Genes	329	(2)
Single Gene Effects	331	(4)
Inheritance of Sex	335	(1)
Multiple Gene Effects	335	(2)
Cytoplasmic Inheritance	337	(1)
Genotype and Phenotype	337	(2)
Rules for Improvement by Selection	339	(1)
Genetic Variation	339	(2)
Examples of Genetic Improvement	341	(1)
Influence of Prolificacy and Generation Interval on Improvement Rate	342	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	344	(1)
Heritability and Genetic Improvement	345	(14)
Heredity versus Environmental Influences	345	(2)
The Meaning of Heritability	347	(1)
Heritability of Individual Traits	347	(4)
Why Some Traits Are Low in Heritability	348	(1)
Why Some Traits Are Moderate in Heritability	348	(2)
Why Some Traits Are High in Heritability	350	(1)
Level of Heritability and Selection Effort	351	(1)
Methods to Improve Selection Accuracy	352	(3)
Predicting Rate of Improvement	355	(2)
Multiple-Trait Selection and Rate of Improvement	357	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	358	(1)
Evaluation of Breeding Animals	359	(18)
Desirable Traits	360	(2)
Identification Systems	362	(2)
Recording Birth Dates	364	(1)
Importance of Records	364	(1)
Growth and Feed Efficiency Performance Records	364	(2)
Measuring Meatiness or Muscling	366	(2)
Reproduction Efficiency	368	(2)
Conformation Traits	370	(1)
Other Production Traits	371	(1)
Using Selection Indexes	371	(2)
Using Relatives to Appraise Merit---Progeny Testing	373	(1)
Culling from the Breeding Herd or Flock	374	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	375	(2)
Mating Systems	377	(18)
Random Mating	378	(1)
Inbreeding	378	(2)
Outbreeding	380	(1)
Crossbreeding	381	(4)
Crossing Lines or Strains	385	(1)
Rotational Crossbreeding Programs	386	(2)
The Future---Heterosis versus Selection	388	(4)
The Animal Improvement Industry---Livestock and Poultry Breeders
Questions for Study and Discussion	392	(3)
Breeds	395	(26)
Why Breeds Have Developed	396	(1)
Chronology of Breed Development	397	(3)
Variation within Breeds	400	(1)
Cattle Breeds	401	(5)
Swine Breeds	406	(3)
Sheep Breeds	409	(5)
Goat Breeds	414	(2)
Poultry Breeds and Varieties	416	(3)
Key Points in Breed Selection	419	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	419	(2)
Marketing Meat Animals	421	(24)
Supply, Demand, and Price	422	(1)
Long-Term Cycles in Livestock Numbers	422	(4)
Seasonal Patterns	426	(6)
Direct Marketing	432	(5)
Auctions	437	(1)
Terminal Markets	438	(1)
Dealers and Order Buyers	439	(1)
Market Pools and Group Marketing	440	(1)
Marketing Costs	441	(2)
Regulatory Agencies	443	(1)
Market News	443	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	444	(1)
Evaluating Slaughter Animals	445	(14)
Age and Weight	446	(1)
Influence of Sex and Sex Condition	447	(2)
Meatiness	449	(4)
Finish	453	(1)
Dressing Percent and Cutability	454	(1)
Grade	455	(1)
Byproducts	456	(1)
Injuries and Health	457	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	458	(1)
Live Animal Market Classes and Grades	459	(22)
Development of Classes and Grades	461	(1)
Cattle Classes	461	(1)
Sheep Classes	462	(2)
Swine Classes	464	(2)
Poultry Classes	466	(1)
USDA Grades for Slaughter Animals and Carcasses	467	(2)
Grades for Slaughter Cattle and Beef Carcasses	469	(3)
Grades for Slaughter Lambs and Sheep and Their Carcasses	472	(1)
Grades for Slaughter Hogs and Pork Carcasses	473	(2)
Grades for Poultry	475	(1)
Private Meat Pricing and Grading	475	(6)
Questions for Study and Discussion	479	(2)
Processing Meat Animals	481	(26)
Slaughter Procedures	483	(3)
Cattle	483	(2)
Hogs	485	(1)
Sheep	485	(1)
All Species	485	(1)
Poultry	486	(1)
Inspection	486	(2)
Additional Food Safety Measures	488	(2)
Cooling	490	(1)
Meat Grading	491	(2)
Other Regulations of Meat Processing	493	(1)
Fabrication --- Wholesale and Retail Cuts	493	(3)
Aging and Tenderizing	496	(3)
Curing and Smoking	499	(1)
Specialty Meat Items	499	(2)
Meat Distribution Systems	501	(1)
Byproducts	501	(6)
Questions for Study and Discussion	505	(2)
Meat as a Food	507	(16)
Trends in Meat Consumption	507	(1)
Elasticity of Demand	508	(3)
Geographic and Other Influences on Meat Consumption	511	(2)
Holidays and Religious Beliefs	513	(1)
Promotion of Meat and Meat Products	513	(1)
Nutritive Value	514	(2)
Tenderness	516	(2)
Flavor and Aroma	518	(1)
Marbling	519	(1)
Color	519	(1)
Preservation	520	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	521	(2)
Wool and Mohair	523	(14)
Characteristics of Wool	525	(1)
Wool Quality and Grades	525	(4)
Wool Processing	529	(2)
Global and U.S. Production of Wool	531	(1)
Wool Marketing	531	(3)
Merchandising and Promotion	534	(1)
Mohair	534	(1)
Other Fibers and Furs	534	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	536	(1)
The Business of Producing Pork	537	(20)
Geographic and Seasonal Distribution	539	(1)
Swine Business Structures and Ownership	540	(2)
Farrow-to-Finish Operations	542	(4)
Multiple-Site, Segregated Early Weaning, Split-Sex and Phase Feeding	545	(1)
Feeder Pig Production Enterprises	546	(1)
Pig Finishing Operations	547	(1)
Investment	548	(1)
Labor and Management	549	(1)
Feed	550	(2)
Genetic Sources and Breeding Systems	552	(1)
Manure and Odor Management	552	(2)
Marketing	554	(1)
Pork Industry Organization	555	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	555	(2)
The Cow Herd and Ewe Flock	557	(22)
Feeder Calf Production	559	(1)
Geographic Distribution of Cow Herds	559	(3)
Types and Sizes of Cow-Calf Herds	562	(2)
Feed and Other Cow-Calf Herd Costs	564	(3)
Weaning and Management of Feeder Calves for Sale	567	(1)
Feeder Cattle Marketing	567	(1)
Cow-Calf Heard Mating Systems	568	(1)
Distribution and Types of Ewe Flocks	569	(3)
Ewe Flock Investment and Labor	572	(1)
Feed and Other Ewe Flock Costs	573	(2)
Sheep Breeding Systems	575	(1)
Sheep Management Problems	576	(1)
Lamb Marketing	576	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	577	(2)
The Business of Dairying	579	(18)
Characteristics and Trends	579	(3)
Geographic Distribution, Size, and Types of Units	582	(3)
Labor	585	(1)
Feed and Other Costs	585	(2)
Handling Male Calves	587	(1)
Sound Dairy Herd Management Practices	587	(6)
Marketing Animals Culled from the Herd	593	(1)
Dairy Goat Management	593	(4)
Questions for Study and Discussion	594	(3)
Milk Handling and Marketing	597	(16)
Facilities for the Dairy Herd	597	(3)
Milking Machines and Procedures	600	(3)
Cooling and Holding Milk at the Production Unit	603	(1)
Milk Marketing	604	(2)
Milk Pricing Systems	606	(2)
Processing and Manufacturing	608	(1)
Consumption Trends	609	(2)
Promotion of Dairy Products	611	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	612	(1)
Horses and Ponies	613	(28)
Size and Scope of the Industry	614	(1)
Types, Colors, and Breeds	615	(8)
Conformation and Body Parts	623	(1)
Teeth and Age Determination	623	(2)
Unsoundnesses	625	(1)
Gaits	626	(2)
Housing and Fencing for the Horse	628	(1)
Feeding Guidelines	629	(1)
Health Management	630	(1)
Feet and Dental Care	630	(3)
Breeding Management of the Mare and Stallion	633	(1)
Brood Mare and Foal Management	634	(2)
Training	636	(1)
Equitation	637	(4)
Questions for Study and Discussion	639	(2)
The Business of Producing Eggs	641	(18)
Geographic Distribution of Egg Production	643	(2)
Types and Sizes of Production Units	645	(4)
Growing Replacement Pullets	649	(2)
Managing the Layer Flock	651	(2)
Induced Molting	653	(2)
Handling Manure and Unit Emissions	655	(1)
Egg Marketing	656	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	658	(1)
The Egg as a Product	659	(12)
Characteristics and Attributes	659	(3)
Classes and Grades	662	(2)
Inheritance and Egg Quality	664	(1)
Effect of Season and Age of Hen on Egg Quality	665	(1)
Effect of Health and Nutrition of the Hen on Egg Quality	666	(1)
Shell Egg Handling and Packaging	666	(1)
Shell Egg Distribution and Merchandising	667	(1)
Egg Processing and Products	667	(1)
Consumption Trends	668	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	669	(2)
The Business of Commercial Poultry Meat Production	671	(14)
Geographic Distribution and Specialization	674	(1)
Broiler Units: Types and Sizes	674	(5)
Broiler Management	679	(1)
Contract Growing	680	(1)
From Growing House to Processor	680	(1)
Turkey Production	681	(2)
Other Meat-Producing Fowl	683	(2)
Questions for Study and Discussion	684	(1)
Aquaculture	685	(26)
Global Aquaculture	686	(1)
U.S. Aquaculture Food Production	687	(5)
Water Sources and Factors Affecting Water Quality	692	(4)
Water Sources	693	(1)
Water Temperature	693	(1)
Oxygen	693	(2)
Carbon Dioxide	695	(1)
pH	695	(1)
Nitrogenous Wastes	695	(1)
Other Water Quality Factors	695	(1)
Methods of Fish Culture	696	(5)
Levee-Type Ponds	696	(2)
Raceways	698	(1)
Cages	698	(2)
Water Recirculation Systems	700	(1)
Fish Culture Management Practices	701	(3)
Nutrition and Feeding	701	(3)
Fish Health Management	704	(2)
Harvesting of Food Fish	706	(1)
Marketing	707	(1)
Processing into a Consumer-Ready Product	707	(1)
The Attributes of Fish as a Food	708	(3)
Questions for Study and Discussion	715
Companion Animals	711	(14)
What Is a Companion Animal?	711	(2)
Humans and Companion Animals	713	(2)
Animals and Human Society	715	(2)
Dog and Cat Nutrition	717	(3)
Breeds and Characteristics	720	(5)
Questions for Study and Discussion	723	(2)
Appendix A Grade Photos	725	(4)
Appendix B Illustrations of Animal Parts and Terms	729	(4)
Glossary	733

Excerpts

FOCUS OF THIS TEXT: THE STUDENT AND THE INSTRUCTORThe principal objective ofAnimal Science and Industryis to make the introduction to animal science an enjoyable and rewarding experience for the student--one that provides a sound foundation for further learning and stimulates the student's interest in pursuing additional courses and experiences in animal sciences. This seventh edition ofAnimal Science and Industryalso has two principal goals: To provide students who arenot majoringin animal science and those withnonfarm backgroundsappropriate information to understand animal agriculture and its role in our society and economy This is a challenging goal that cannot be accomplished by use of this text alone but requires special efforts from both instructor and student. The instructor can help assure student success with well-prepared lectures, assignment of appropriate reading from the text to support lecture material, providing well-structured and organized laboratory sessions where possible, and offering timely help sessions. The student should make every effort to attend each class session, to develop an organized set of notes and supplement them with specific subject matter from the text, and to become acquainted with upcoming lecture topics by reading ahead in the text. With effort from both student and instructor, every student should be able to successfully progress through the introductory course.Then, both instructor and student will be rewarded. To provide studentsmajoringin animal science--as well as those in preprofessional science programs--material, principles, and concepts that will better prepare them for more specialized and advanced courses.The authors greatly appreciate the role of the instructor in teaching an introductory course in animal science to students of diverse backgrounds and interests. We hope instructors will find the material in the text to be of sufficient depth and breadth and to be presented in a manner that is easy to read and understand. We have provided both basic principles of animal sciences and realistic examples of their application to efficient animal care and production in an attempt to make instruction easier and more exciting.This revised edition places emphasis upon theprinciples of animal scienceand their relationship to livestock and poultry production. Comprehensive information and discussion focuses on: (1) biological principles of animal function and management; (2) characteristics of the different animal species production systems; (3) production of high-quality animal products--meat, milk, eggs, wool--and the use of the horse for work and pleasure; and (4) systems and concepts in marketing animals and the processing of their products.Most animal science instructors have found that learning in introductory courses is more effective and the principles presented are more usable when there is a comparative basis for learning. Therefore, this book was developed to provide an integrated and comparative presentation of the scientific principles that apply to most species involved in animal agriculture, and to describe major differences among species.Animal Science and Industry,sixth edition, continues to present material in considerable scientific depth in the major disciplines of animal science, and provides coverage and updating of a broad number of topics. Research and technology have led to significant advances in animal production practices, marketing, and merchandising of products. Discussion of the more pertinent of these advances has been incorporated into selected chapters.Throughout the revision of this text, the needs of the student has been our highest priority. The authors recognize the diverse backgrounds of students enrolled in most introductory animal science courses.Animal Science and Industrydoes