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Advances in fertility technology are giving couples the power to choose the sex of their baby. Claudia Kalb discusses the technology and ethics of “sex selection.”
The author gives a detailed description of development from conception to birth and what it means for the expectant mother. By examining the link between mother and child, the article emphasizes the importance of prenatal care to the growth of a healthy fetus.
Medical advances in surgical procedures for in utero patients are changing the way people view the earliest stages of life. Due to such improvements in science and medicine, unborn babies are now considered treatable patients, though there are ethical complications as to whether the benefits outweigh the costs.
Jessica Cohen, a college undergraduate, describes a first-hand account of her unsettling experience in the egg donation process. The secret behind this solution to infertility is the highly competitive industry of donor selection. Cohen learned that not only is the physical process grueling, but the selection process can be just as painful.
More babies die from SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) in developed countries than from all other causes combined. Prominent psychological scientist Lipsitt describes neurobehavior transitions during the first year of life, especially between 2 and 5 months of age, that affect infants’ vulnerability to SIDS.
This leading scientist describes research demonstrating that babies have long-term memory to recall past events well before their verbal skills develop. Babies’ memory skills may be based in their brain development.
The author describes recent research evidence on the role of genes and prenatal hormones in gender identity and gender-related behaviors. These findings help illuminate the interplay between nature and nurture in boys’ and girls’ behavior.
Is it possible that children regress in their knowledge of the physical world? This question arose due to the recent and counterintuitive finding that 2- and 3-year-olds’ knowledge of continuity and solidity laws was worse than infants’ knowledge. Developmental scientists are trying to determine what causes such a surprising discrepancy.
When do children understand what pictures represent? The authors describe experimental research on the emergence of young children’s pictorial competence and the crucial role of dual representation in this form of symbolic development.
The benefits of preschool education have gained recent attention from parents, educational experts, and public policy makers. From a reduction in special education placement to better jobs and a lower crime rate, a quality preschool education is an increasingly valued commodity. The challenge remains, however, to make such programs available to all children.
Children misbehave, but which behaviors should a parent or teacher allow and which should be monitored or eliminated? Recent studies on the lasting effects of teasing have prompted some schools to crack down on such behaviors as mean looks and name-calling in order to “make childhood nicer.”
Success in life may have more to do with how we understand ourselves and others, whether we have empathy, and how well we interact with others. This emotional intelligence—EQ—is more important than IQ, some say, and the authors present the debate on whether EQ really exists, how it is measured, and whether it can be taught in schools?
Do childhood friendships dictate future success in the social world? Recent research suggests that they do. Interestingly, when examining social development in children, the quality of a friendship does not appear to be an indicator of how much friends influence each other.
Some children are chronically lonely. Research shows this dimension of children’s social development is linked to being rejected and victimized by peers. The authors discuss how loneliness is related to children’s emotional maladjustment and school problems.
Children’s lives are filled more than ever with videogames, TV, and technology. The author discusses research on children’s imagination, playful social interaction, and the role of creativity in problem solving.
This psychologist describes how much of children’s gender socialization occurs within same-sex social groups. Interestingly, many sex-related qualities and behaviors emerge within a group setting more than when children are alone.
This article describes girls’ cliques: Queen Bees, Alpha Girls, and the Really Mean Girls. Although boys are often viewed as the more aggressive sex because of their overt physical aggression. Research is discussed on verbal and interpersonal aggression that is more common in girls.
Bullying involves the repeated exposure to negative actions by one or more peers toward an individual. In the past two decades, a 50 percent increase in the occurrence of bullying has been documented. Leading expert Dan Olweus outlines the typical process involved with bullying and gives supporting data for a prevention program that he has developed over the past 20 years.
Many women struggle to balance the demands of work and family. The author describes national trends and many case studies on the increasing numbers of mothers who choose to stay home rather than be employed.
This distinguished team of leading developmental psychologists summarizes research on parenting related to the interaction of nature and nurture, children’s temperament, and the roles of peers and the neighborhood.
Drawing on his own personal experiences, Gordon Marino sheds new light on the sports-obsessed parent. However, Marino seems to concede that for children to grow up “normally” it is important for the parent to recognize that the child’s life is not the parent’s but the child’s.
Disciplinary measures, especially spanking, have always generated controversy. Alan Kazdin and Corina Benjet discuss how spanking should be defined and offer three different views of spanking. This article describes research on spanking and the impact of such punishment on developmental processes.
Fear is an ever-increasing characteristic in today’s society, and it can be seen in the way parents are raising their children. Laura Stepp examines the possibility that overprotective parents may be encouraging kids to be timid and avoid risks.
Is it possible that our modes of discipline actually reinforce bad behaviors? American children are notorious for their aggressive behaviors. Jacob Azerrad and Paul Chance reason that it is due to the attention they receive when misbehaving. Case studies illustrate how bad behavior is reinforced through attention.
According to research, the effects of poverty in early childhood are persistent over time, making normal growth and development difficult.
Poverty is linked to many risk factors in childhood, from family instability and violence to academic difficulties. Poor children are also exposed to more polluted environments and neighborhood crime. The author describes research evidence on the unhealthy impact of poverty, especially the cumulative effect of multiple environment risks.
For years, children have been targeted by corporations as consumers. The author describes a recent trend toward using children to market sports products, with the bizarre scenario of preschoolers having agents and business sponsors.
Most people assume that only poor children are at-risk for developmental problems. The author describes ample evidence showing the perils associated with wealth—including anxiety, depression, and substance abuse.
The media offer children countless role models in TV, music, movies, and comic books. Interesting differences emerged when the authors surveyed African American, Asian American, Latino, and white children on whether children admire people they know—parents, for example—or media figures.
Through an anthropological study of the Bari tribe of Venezuela, the American concept of a normal family unit is challenged. Questions of culture and evolution are raised and lead to an intriguing question: Is one father enough?
Kathryn Brown explains that most drugs prescribed for children have not been tested in young children. Brown reviews commonly prescribed medications comparing risks to rewards, and she also addresses the importance of drug testing to see what really is safe for our young people.
ADHD is the most common neuropsychiatric syndrome in children. Included in this article are tables outlining detection signs, medical treatment possibilities, and coping mechanisms, all to promote normal childhood development.
In tragic circumstances around the world, millions of children die early in childhood. The causes include contaminated water, hunger, and easily-treatable diseases. International economic and political efforts are needed to remedy this horrible problem.
This article, an examination of the disorder once known as manic depression and thought to primarily afflict adults, describes the recent increase in childhood diagnosis of bipolar depression through six different accounts of children.
The author describes cutting-edge research that views autism as an imbalance between two kinds of intellectual skills: empathizing and systemizing. Systemizing is more common in males in general, and autistic people—male or female—seem to have ultra-developed systemizing skills.
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