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This article discusses why we fear death, controversial death-related issues, growing old, and “little” deaths.
Different ways to “die well” (cultural scripts) in the United States and Japan are discussed. Ideas and metaphors are likely based on multiple scripts or may offer different interpretations for different social contexts.
British political scientist Robert Blank analyzes the policy issues surrounding the definition of death within the context of technological and social changes.
The author examines the issue of brain death and the removal of organs for transplant purposes from the point of view of various cultures including Canada, the United States, and Japan.
As inmates receive life sentences with no chance for parole, their exit from prison is through the door of death. This article discusses how human remains are handled following a death in the Louisiana state prison in Angola.
Medical schools in the United States and United Kingdom are gradually integrating end-of-life issues into their curricula. Overall, the United Kingdom appears to provide more exposure regarding hospice involvement and palliative care.
The Seasons for Growth education program is presented in this article. This program aims to promote the social and emotional well-being of individuals between the ages of 6 and 18 who have experienced major changes as a result of death, separation, and divorce.
A teacher writes about how young students reacted to the death of their social studies teacher.
This article is a response to various disasters and a discussion of what we have learned from the past. Also discussed is how these lessons may benefit us in the future in relating to children following a trauma in their lives.
This article discusses the leading causes of death (chronic diseases) among the elderly toward the end of the twentieth century and observes trend patterns over the past two decades. Projections are made toward future breakthroughs in technological advances, public health initiatives, and social changes that may increase the length of life.
This article is a historical overview of an infectious disease which killed millions in Western Europe and England. The author analyzes how the plague in the 14th century has been viewed over the years and how it impacted on social change in families and society.
This article discusses the role of the family, the significance of ritual, the spiritual implications of faith and loss, and the religious presence during the dying process and thereafter.
The authors distinguish between religion and spirituality and discuss how hospice care considers the spiritual and religious dimensions of the dying patient.
A very small percentage of patients can voice advanced directives. This makes the physician’s role more difficult, especially when the patient is unable to make decisions regarding end-of-life care.
This article gives information in regards to hospice referrals. In many cases, medical doctors took the initiative in hospice referrals. Late referrals were most often due to reluctance by the patient and family to admit that death is imminent.
Oncologists deal with patients with tumors, often malignant, and thus have a high probability of relating to terminally ill patients. This article points out the role played by spirituality and religion in the doctor-patient relationship.
These two physicians, leaders in the field of palliative medicine, present a comprehensive overview of palliative care in the United States today.
This article discusses the legality of the Oregon Death With Dignity Act and Attorney General John Ashcroft’s challenge to the law in his attempt to prevent terminal patients of Oregon from exercising their legal right to end their suffering with a physician’s help.
Most of the debate favoring assisted suicide has been led by secular humanists. This article challenges many of the assumptions of those who favor the practice, arguing from a secular humanist perspective. The author says that assisted suicide is not an answer to the problems it seeks to address.
What are the possible responses that a physician can make to a patient who wants to die? This controversial dilemma is presented in the context of compassionate care for suffering and an awareness of the needs of the dying. In the commentary, a medical ethicist disagrees, stating that compassion cannot overrule a moral principle.
Legalized physician-assisted suicide is not a substitute for competent palliative care of the dying. Attention to the emotional, psychological, spiritual, and physical needs of the dying patient is the mark of a good doctor.
Janis Moody contends that the philosophical basis of the active-passive distinction has led to distortions in the law surrounding the issue of euthanasia. The author argues for a reform in nursing practice that will reclassify passive and active euthanasia as life-terminating acts. She further argues that nurses need to have an understanding of the ethical and legal basis of euthanasia to acknowledge and define their possible future role in relation to providing life-terminating acts.
In this article, we follow the actions of Colleen Rice, who, with the assistance of her daughter, ends her life of suffering from cancer. This act of self-deliverance is portrayed as a rational and dignified attempt to bring closure to a life that Rice no longer felt was worth living.
This article provides a point-counterpoint discussion of the quality of life arguments for passive euthanasia and the right to die. Knowledge from both points of view challenge the student who is attempting to formulate an understanding of the complex issues surrounding this controversy.
Also inspired by the Terri Schiavo case, this article discusses the limitations of living wills and durable powers of attorney for health care.
Suicide among college students has always been a nightmare for parents, now it has become a risk management issue for college administrators and professors. This article addresses the issue of responsibility for suicides among college students and how and when students are at risk.
This article provides an overview of the present practice of funeralization in American society, including the traditional and alternative funeral arrangements. The functions of funerals relative to the sociological, psychological, and theological needs of adults and children are also discussed.
A number of religious practices are reviewed in this article demonstrating the commonalities and differences among many religious traditions. Many of the rituals performed at the funeral are closely tied to the religious ideas of the people who perform them.
This article discusses the role of the “Arlington Ladies” who have attended every funeral at Arlington Cemetery to ensure that no soldier is ever buried with no one in attendance, and also to serve the needs of family members, whether or not they are present at the funeral.
This AARP article provides “environmentally friendly” or “green” alternatives to earth burials and cremations. In the words of Billy Campbell, "We put death in its rightful place, as part of the cycle of life. Our burials honor the idea of dust to dust.
This article takes us behind the scenes to view the contemporary education of funeral directors—a profession which is now reaching gender equality in the future of its members.
This article discusses the seven basic coping strategies related to the bereavement process (shock and denial, disorganization, volatile emotions, guilt, loss and loneliness, relief, and reestablishment) and the four tasks of bereavement (accepting the reality of the loss, experiencing the pain of grief, adjusting to an environment in which the deceased is missing, and the withdrawing of emotional energy and reinvesting it in other relationships).
Kenneth Doka discusses the unique situation of bereaved survivors whose loss is not, or cannot be, openly acknowledged, publicly mourned, or socially supported.
This article enhances and broadens the concept of disenfranchised grief in significant ways as it indicates that there are aspects of most losses that are indeed disenfranchised.
This article operationalizes complicated mourning and identifies its seven high-risk factors. The author argues that the prevalence of complicated mourning is increasing today due to a number of contemporary sociocultural and technological trends, with problems in both the mental health profession and the field of thanatology that are preventing or interfering with requisite treatment. New treatment policies and models are now mandated for intervention in complicated mourning.
This article provides a personal and subjective understanding of mourning for one’s spouse.
This article discusses the special grieving of war widows and the recovery of losing a spouse to armed conflict that exists between nations at war.
This article is a personal account of a woman who has experienced disenfranchised grief as the surviving spouse in a same-sex relationship. She tells of how she was disinherited and marginalized by her partner’s family and denied her rightful claim to personal belongings, pension, and other benefits that normally go to a surviving spouse.
This article examines elements related to children’s developmental understandings of death, ways to talk to children about death, a broad understanding of the nature of children’s grief and bereavement, recognition of the common characteristics of grieving children, and useful interventions of the bereaved child by mental health counselors.
This article helps with the difficult task of assisting parents to talk about tragedies with their children. The author acknowledges the difficulty of the task while providing some very helpful guidelines that help parents organize the discussion in a way that is helpful to their children.
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