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Looking to rent a book? Rent Annual Editions : Psychology 03/04 [ISBN: 9780072548297] for the semester, quarter, and short term or search our site for other textbooks by Duffy, Karen G.. Renting a textbook can save you up to 90% from the cost of buying.
David Healy discusses the history and theories that have shaped psychology and psychiatry over the last century. He questions where the disciplines are headed and which theorists will continue to have an impact on our philosophy and on psychological treatments.
Psychology can examine the causes and consequences of both good and harmful acts by humans. Ervin Staub shares his work in three different domains—child rearing, genocide, and healing/reconciliation—to illustrate this point.
George Albee, noted psychologist and editor of the leading journal American Psychologist, responds to heated discord over the journal’s publication of a research article on sexual abuse of children. Along the way, Albee challenges the media, the government, the public, and even psychologists to become more familiar with the results of scientific research, social science research in particular, and with scientific methodologies.
Are we slaves to our genes or does culture modify our psyche and behavior? The main point of this article is that the attributes of an organism are the product of the interaction between biology and culture or learning.
Susan Greenfield likens the functioning of the human brain to the functioning of an orchestra—different parts play different and complex roles. She details the organization, the plasticity, the neurochemistry, and the relationship to consciousness of the brain. She concludes by examining the difficulty of building models of the brain on computers.
Ruth Palombo Weiss connects the brain’s relationship to various psychological phenomena that enhance or hinder our ability to learn. She succinctly discusses the brain’s role in promoting attention, understanding patterns and emotions, facilitating memory and recall, and enhancing motivation.
This article offers an introduction to the importance of the human senses in general, with a brief overview of each distinct sense. It concludes that the senses are windows to the brain.
Scientists are attempting to restore human vision lost in childhood. The results of one man’s stem cell transplant are reviewed. Why this man cannot see well despite the surgery is another main focus of the article.
A clinical audiologist bemoans the ubiquitous assault of noise on our ears. About one-third of all hearing loss is the result of this cacophony. What we can do to avoid hearing loss is also covered in this article.
Allison Bartlett explores the world of synesthetes, people who combine sensations in unique ways. She examines what synesthesia is, how it affects daily life, and the available research on its neurology and heritability.
The brain can wire itself such that amputees experience sensations from a limb no longer present. This phenomenon is called phantom limbs. Eric Hasletine discusses experiments that nonamputees can attempt in order to have a similar experience.
Pain is something we could all live without. In fact, some people do live without it—they have congenital analgesia. Pain—how and why it is experienced and how to reduce it—is being studied by scientists.
One hundred years have passed since Freud’s work on the interpretation of dreams, and scientists still cannot agree on their function. Bruce Bower reviews seminal theories on the subject as well as some of the neurology involved in these nightly theatrics.
Learning and memory are two sides of the same coin. This article explains what each is and how scientific principles of learning and remembering can improve our abilities for each.
Multiple forms of intelligence exist, so Susan Reese concludes that there are also multiple styles of learning. Reese reviews some of the various learning styles as well as the concomitant changes that must be made in assesment and in the use of learning technologies to accommodate this diversity of styles.
Murray Straus reviews five landmark studies on spanking or corporal punishment with an eye to answering the question, “Does this type of discipline change children’s behavior?” Straus determines that the answer is a resounding “no.” In fact, he believes that spanking can be harmful.
Daniel Schacter explains why so much routine forgetting occurs. He discusses such processes as transience, absentmindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. He even delves into biological factors such as Alzheimer’s disease and points out the paradox that memory’s vices may also be its virtues.
There are interesting and important reasons why people forget. The study of forgetting has led psychologists to deduce that certain biases such as misattribution create memory problems.
Our cultural and social environments shape our cognitions in complex ways. Why and how this occurs is Mary Gauvain’s focus in this article. She suggests that as the field of cognitive psychology advances, social and cultural aspects of development will receive greater attention.
Brain mapping by means of MRIs and other tools is giving scientists a glimpse into the complexity of the human mind. As scientists try to understand the neural underpinnings of complex psychological phenomena such as morality and perspective taking, they are quick to remind us that the science is only at a rudimentary stage.
What is intelligence? Psychologist Stephen Ceci lays out several myths and known facts about what intelligence is and is not. For example, he explores whether head size is correlated with intelligence.
The human mind has remarkable intellectual and cognitive processing abilities. Savants are those individuals who possess extraordinary and lightning-fast ability, usually with regard to a particular aspect of cognitive functioning. What causes savant-like potential and whether we all have this potential are the main themes of this article.
Antonio Damasio states that the scientific study of emotions is advancing. At present, one of the important issues is the discovery of the relationship of the nervous system to bodily emotional responses.
Given the vagaries of modern polygraphs or lie detectors, scientists are searching for better techniques to detect lying. Newer methodologies using the MRI and brain fingerprinting are discussed, but each has its own set of problems as well.
Emotional intelligence (EI) has captured the attention of psychologists and the public. Just what EI is and how to promote it are the subjects of this article. A short self-test is included.
We are asked to complete many tasks in our daily lives—often several tasks at the same time. We admire those who can multitask and are upset when we fail. How we can motivate ourselves, be better at multitasking, and not feel disappointed when we fail are topics covered in this article. The role of the brain in such complex situations is also explained.
Despite the title’s implication that this article pertains only to the elderly, Geoffrey Cowley’s comprehensive commentary provides an overview of the important developmental and maturational sequences that humans follow as they mature. While primary attention is given mostly to biological aspects, there is coverage of the psychological aspects of maturation as well.
Birth is a significant occasion, but it is only one milestone in a series of important developmental events, many of which precede birth. Janet Hopson reviews the latest findings on just how fascinating and significant fetal life is.
Parents blame schools and schools blame parents for children’s misconduct and failures. Kay Hymowitz explores this tangled web of blame and helps the reader to understand today’s parents and their relationship to their children.
The trend of a growing elderly population has no end in sight. More and more Americans are living to 100. If being a centenarian is your goal, this article contains a wealth of information on how to achieve this objective.
Death is stigmatized in American society to the point that most people don’t talk about it. This article is designed to motivate people to assess their attitudes toward death, to plan for the future, and to increase understanding of this issue when they or others are dying.
Sigmund Freud “invented” psychoanalysis, and the world has not been the same since. Author Peter Gay reviews the development of Freud’s now famous theory as well as criticisms of Freud’s work. Gay also shows us how we “speak” Freudian in our everyday language and explains Freud’s impact on a myriad of other psychologists.
Two prominent psychologists trace the history of psychology with an emphasis on how psychology changed its focus from human deficits and problems to positive human characteristics such as well-being, contentment, and optimism. The authors would be remiss if they did not also include commentary on where psychology needs to direct its attention in the future.
Margaret Renkl examines the perennial issue of whether birth order determines personality traits. Renkl takes the stance that the two indeed are connected, in fact that birth order heavily influences personality. The article delineates what some of the consequent differences in personality are as well as the advantages and challenges of these differences. The article also discloses how parents can cope with raising siblings of different ages.
Busy lives mean that adults often neglect friendships, which are psychologically important and valuable for many reasons. Adult friendships differ from children’s.
People faced with something that is involuntary, threatening, and unfamiliar respond in ways that often seem irrational, as Erica Goode points out.
Does media violence cause aggression in our society in our children? Maggie Cutler attempts to answer this very complicated question.
Leonard Sax charts the feminizing of our culture in the media, in politics, and in entertainment—trends that many in society are applauding. He discusses the increase in chemicals in our environment—a not-so-pleasant trend. He surmises that the two trends might indeed be related.
A commonly researched dimension differentiating cultures is discussed by Elizabeth Nair in this article. In individualist societies, the individual takes precedence. In collective societies, group cohesiveness is important. Nair claims that this distinction is too simplistic—cultures vary on more than this dimension.
More than one-third of sixth- to tenth-graders—5.7 million children nationwide—report being the victims of bullying. Some victims turn their rage outward and start shooting; others turn it inward and kill themselves. Why bullying occurs and how schools and parents can prevent bullying are highlighted in this article.
David Satcher reveals the surprisingly high frequency of mental disorders in the United States and discusses what can be done to assist those who need help.
Peggy Eastman reviews the causes, symptoms, and treatments for clinical depression. Differences between normal and clinical depression are also revealed. Eastman pays special attention to the depressed elderly, who represent a large and often ignored group of depressed individuals.
Depression afflicts thousands of people. Scientists have long sought a cure. Today a plethora of treatments for depression are available, which helps 90 percent of depressed individuals. Prozac, in particular, is showcased in this article.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD) became a more important issue after the terrorist attacks in America. PSTD has specific causes and symptoms. Who is at risk and how PSTD can be treated are revealed in this article.
Recent movies and cases in criminal courts have brought the baffling illness schizophrenia to our attention. This article discusses what schizophrenia is and how it can be treated.
Autism is an intriguing yet distressing disorder of children. The number of children diagnosed with autism is exploding, causing scientists to ask why as they begin to understand the biology and psychology of the disorder.
Americans appear to be in love with psychotherapy. In a way, therapy has replaced religion as a form of healing. Do we really need all this treatment, and can therapy really help us? Mary McNamara answers these questions and others in this interesting article.
Support groups that help individuals cope more effectively with life crises and medical, or psychological problems have become popular. Recent research, however, suggests that such groups may not be as effective as was previously thought.
Anxiety disorders are rather pervasive in American society. The article presents information on how to identify anxiety disorders in adults and children, some of the available treatments, and a chronology of the study of anxiety disorders.
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