Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

Western Scripture among the World's Religions

(22)

A Brief History of Scripture Scholarship

(1)

The Nature and Definition of Scripture

(5)

The Uses of Scripture

(2)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Western Religions through Their Scriptures

(4)

Western Scriptures and Modern Scholarship

(2)

Western Scriptures and the World Wide Web

(1)

The Plan of This Book

(1)

Suggestions on How to Read Western Scriptures

(5)

Glossary

(1)

Questions for Study and Discussion

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

(3)

Zoroastrianism

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Overview of Structure

(1)

Use

(1)

Origin and Development

(1)

History

(1)

The Call of Zarathushtra (Yasna 29)

(1)

A Hymn of Praise to Zarathushtra (Yasht 24:87b--94)

(1)

Teaching and Ethics

(1)

Hymn to Ahura and the Purifying Fire (Yasna 36)

(1)

Hymn to Ahura Mazda the Creator (Yasna 37:1--5)

(1)

The Choice between Good and Evil (Yasna 30)

(1)

Worship and Ritual

(1)

The Place of the Gathas (Yasna 55:1--3)

(1)

The Zoroastrian Confession (Yasna 12)

(1)

The Four Great Prayers (From the Yasna)

(1)

Disposal of the Dead (Vendidad, Fargard 6, section 5, 44--51)

(1)

Later Development of Scriptural Themes

(1)

Judgment of the Soul at the Chinvat Bridge (Menok I Khrat 2.110--195)

(5)

Glossary

(1)

Questions for Study and Discussion

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

(2)

Judaism

(46)

Introduction

(1)

Names

(1)

Use

(4)

Overview of Structure

(2)

Origin and Development

(2)

History

(1)

The Call of Abraham (Genesis 12:1--9)

(1)

The Call of Moses (Exodus 3:1--20)

(1)

Crossing the Red Sea (Exodus 14:1--31)

(2)

The Covenant with Israel (Exodus 19:1--8)

(1)

A Psalm for David (Psalm 132)

(1)

Ezra's Enforcement of Torah Observance (Ezra 9:1--7, 13--15; 10:1--12)

(1)

Teaching

(1)

The Oneness of God (Deuteronomy 6:1--9)

(1)

God's Creation of the World (Genesis 1:1--31; 2:1--9, 15--25)

(1)

The Revolt of Humanity (Genesis 3:1--24)

(2)

Prayer for Divine Deliverance (Psalm 5)

(1)

The Messianic King (Isaiah 11:1--9)

(1)

The Final Judgment of the World (Daniel 7:1--14)

(1)

Resurrection of the Dead (Daniel 12:1--3)

(1)

Ethics

(1)

The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:1--14)

(1)

Laws on Slaves, Violence, and Property (Exodus 21:1--36; 22:15--26)

(2)

Justice for All (Exodus 23:1--9)

(1)

Holy War (Deuteronomy 20:1--20)

(1)

Sexual Love (Song of Songs 1:1--2:17)

(2)

God's Call to an Unfaithful People (Amos 4:1--13)

(1)

Two Views of Wisdom (Proverbs 1:1--9; 20--33; Ecclesiastes 1:1--9)

(1)

The Virtuous Wife (Proverbs 31:10--31)

(1)

Organization

(1)

The Ordination of Priests (Exodus 29:1--37)

(1)

A Call to Be a Prophet (Isaiah 6:1--13)

(1)

Women as Judges and Prophets (Judges 4:4--10, 12--16; II Kings 22:11--20)

(1)

Ritual

(1)

The Establishment of Circumcision (Genesis 17:9--14, 23--27)

(1)

The Establishment of the Passover (Exodus 12:1--19, 24--27)

(1)

The Observance of the Sabbath (Exodus 31:12--17)

(1)

Offerings for the Forgiveness of Sin (Leviticus 4:27--5:7)

(1)

The Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:1--5, 11--19, 29--34)

(1)

Kosher and Nonkosher Foods (Leviticus 11:1--31, 41--45)

(1)

Later Developments of Scriptural Themes

(1)

The Chain of Rabbinic Tradition: ``The Sayings of the Fathers'' (Mishnah, Aboth 1.1--18)

(1)

The Replacement of Sacrifice by Study (Babylonian Talmud, Minahot 110a)

(1)

The Duty to Marry and Have Children (Babylonian Talmud, Yebamoth 61b--63)

(1)

Why Judaism Survives under Persecution (Maimonides, Letter to Yemen)

(5)

Glossary

(1)

Questions for Study and Discussion

(1)

Scriptures in Film

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

(3)

Christianity

(46)

Introduction

(1)

Names

(1)

Overview of Structure

(3)

Use

(1)

Origin and Development

(2)

History

(1)

The Birth of Jesus the Messiah (Matthew 1:18--25)

(1)

Jesus' Miracles (Luke 8:26--56)

(1)

The Arrest, Trial, and Death of Jesus (Mark 14:43--50, 53, 65; 15:1--41)

(2)

The Resurrection of Jesus (Mark 16:1--8)

(1)

The Ascension of Jesus (Acts 1:6--11)

(1)

The Coming of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:1--21)

(1)

Persecution of the Apostles (Acts 5:27--42)

(1)

The Council at Jerusalem (Acts 15:1--21)

(1)

Teaching

(1)

The Parables of Jesus (Mark 4:1--34)

(1)

The Divine Word Became Human (John 1:1--18)

(1)

Nicodemus Visits Jesus (John 3:1--21)

(1)

A Sinful Woman Forgiven (Luke 7:36--50)

100

(1)

Results of Justification (Romans 5:1--11)

101

(1)

The End of Time (Matthew 25:31--46; Revelation 20:1--21:4)

102

(1)

Ethics

103

(1)

The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5--7)

103

(4)

Directions concerning Marriage (I Corinthians 7:1--16, 25--40)

107

(1)

Love (I Corinthians 13:1--13)

108

(1)

Ethics in the Christian Household (Ephesians 5:21--6:9)

109

(1)

Being Subject to Authorities (Romans 13:1--10)

110

(1)

The Fall of Rome (Revelation 17:1--18:5)

110

(1)

Organization

111

(1)

The Twelve Apostles and Their Mission (Matthew 10:1--15)

111

(1)

Matthew's Church Order (Matthew 18:1--10, 15--22)

112

(1)

Peter as the Rock (Matthew 16:13--20)

113

(1)

Qualifications of Bishops and Deacons (I Timothy 3:1--13)

113

(1)

Women in the Early Church (Luke 10:38--42; I Corinthians 11:2--16; Galatians 3:25--28; I Timothy 2:8--15)

114

(1)

Ritual

115

(1)

Baptism (Matthew 28:16--20; Romans 6:1--14)

115

(1)

The Eucharist (Matthew 26:17--19, 26--29; John 6:25--40, 52--59)

116

(1)

Confession and Anointing (James 5:13--18)

117

(1)

Later Development of Scriptural Themes

117

(1)

The Scripture Canon in Formation (Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.27.2; Muratorian Canon)

117

(2)

Early Noncanonical Jesus Tradition (Gospel of Thomas 1--2, 13--14, 18, 22, 29, 42, 49--50, 53, 83--84, 99, 101, 104)

119

(2)

Gnostic Christianity and Orthodox Christianity in Conflict (Gospel of Truth 34--43; Irenaeus, Against Heresies, Preface 1.1--2, 7.1--5)

121

(2)

Women and Gnosticism (Gospel of Mary 7:8--18)

123

(2)

Papal Primacy Derived from Petrine Primacy (Pope Leo I, Sermons 4.2--4)

125

(4)

Glossary

126

(1)

Questions for Study and Discussion

126

(1)

Scriptures in Film

127

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

127

(2)

Islam

129

(48)

Introduction

129

(1)

Name

130

(1)

Use

130

(1)

Overview of Structure

131

(2)

Origin and Development

133

(1)

History

134

(1)

The Call of Muhammad (Qur'an 96; 53:1--18)

134

(2)

The Mission of Muhammad (Qur'an 11:1--16; 93)

136

(1)

Opposition to Muhammad (Qur'an 52:29b--49; 63)

137

(1)

The Night Journey (Qur'an 17:1--2)

138

(1)

The Flight to Medina (Qur'an 9:40)

139

(1)

The Wives of Muhammad (Qur'an 33:28--40, 50)

139

(1)

The Death of Muhammad (Qur'an 21:34--36)

140

(1)

Teaching

141

(1)

God's Absolute Oneness (Qur'an 6:100--103; 112)

141

(1)

God's Names (Qur'an 59:22--24)

141

(1)

God's Power (Qur'an 24:41--46; 6:95--99)

142

(1)

God's Predestination (Qur'an 42:8--13; 7:177--182)

142

(2)

Jinn (Qur'an 72:1--15)

144

(1)

Creation (Qur'an 15:16--48; 16:1--17)

144

(2)

Adam, Eve, and the Fall (Qur'an 2:30--37)

146

(1)

The Holy Qur'an (Qur'an 42:50--53; 46:1--8; 2:87--91)

146

(2)

On Unbelievers, Jews, and Christians (Qur'an 9:1--7; 3:38--50; 2:111--121, 132--136)

148

(2)

Resurrection and Judgment (Qur'an 75:1--15; 69:14--35)

150

(1)

Heaven and Hell (Qur'an 76:1--22; 56:1--50; 77:1--39)

151

(2)

Ethics

153

(1)

The Conduct of Believers (Qur'an 17:23--38)

153

(1)

Women (Qur'an 4:19--22, 34--39; 2:220--223, 227--233)

154

(2)

The Different Dimensions of Struggle (Jihad) (Qur'an 6:16, 19--20; 48:11--21; 2:190--194, 216--218)

156

(1)

Law Codes (Qur'an 4:1--10)

157

(1)

Worship and Ritual

158

(1)

The Opening of the Qur'an (Qur'an 1)

158

(1)

Confession of Faith (Qur'an 57:1--7; 37:32--39)

159

(1)

Prayer (Qur'an 2:142--149)

159

(1)

Alms (Qur'an 107; 9:53--60)

160

(1)

The Fast (Qur'an 2:183--187)

161

(1)

Pilgrimage (Qur'an 2:125--129; 106; 2:196--199)

161

(2)

The Mosque (Qur'an 24:36--38; 9:15--18)

163

(1)

Against Evil Magic (Qur'an 113; 114)

163

(1)

Later Developments of Scriptural Themes

164

(1)

Selections from the Hadith

164

(3)

On Innovations

164

(1)

On Ritual Washings

164

(1)

On Prayer

165

(1)

On Alms

165

(1)

On God

165

(1)

On the Power of Reading the Qur'an

166

(1)

On the Martyr in Jihad

166

(1)

On Plunder in Jihad

166

(1)

On Women and Children in Jihad

167

(1)

On the Steps for Jihad against Enemies

167

(1)

A Sunni Creed (Creed of Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari)

167

(3)

A Shi'ite Creed (Ibn Babawayh al-Qummi, Risalatu'l I'tiqadat)

170

(1)

Sufi Poetry on Love for God (The Secret Rose Garden 1)

171

(6)

Glossary

173

(1)

Questions for Study and Discussion

173

(1)

Scriptures in Film

174

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

174

(3)

New Religious Movements

177

(36)

Introduction

177

(1)

Names

178

(1)

Use

179

(1)

Overview of Structure

180

(2)

Origin and Development

182

(1)

The Scripture of Baha'i

183

(1)

The Essence of Baha'i Teaching and a Sketch of the Life of Baha'u'llah (Shoghi Effendi, The Promised Day Is Come, Preface)

183

(2)

Baha'i, Islam, and Christianity (The Bab, Qayyumu'l-Asma 1, 61--62)

185

(1)

Baha'i Laws (Baha'u'llah, Kitab-I-Aqdas 1--2, 12--14, 16, 30--34, 45, 63--65, 149--150, 189)

185

(3)

Baha'i Prayers (Short Obligatory Prayer, Medium Obligatory Prayer, Prayer for America)

188

(1)

The Scripture of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

189

(1)

Joseph Smith's Story (Pearl of Great Price, Joseph Smith---History 1, 1--22, 25--35, 40--47, 59--62, 67--74)

189

(3)

The First Description of the Book of Mormon (Book of Mormon, original title page)

192

(1)

The Coming of Jesus Christ in 34 C.E. to the New World (Book of Mormon, 3 Nephi 11.1--41)

193

(1)

Destruction of the Nephites and Burial of the Golden Plates (Book of Mormon, Mormon 6:1--3, 6--11, 16--22)

194

(1)

Preparations for the Trek to Utah (Doctrine and Covenants 136.1--11, 17--24, 30--42)

195

(1)

The Essence of Latter-day Saint Teaching (Pearl of Great Price, Articles of Faith 1--13)

196

(1)

Church Pronouncements on Polygamy and Men of African Descent (Doctrine and Covenants, Official Declarations of 1890 and 1978)

197

(2)

The Scripture of Christian Science

199

(1)

Introduction to Christian Science Scripture and to the Work of Mary Baker Eddy (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, Preface)

199

(2)

The Essence of Christian Science Teaching (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Recapitulation'')

201

(1)

Prayer and Its Role (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Prayer'')

201

(1)

Healing Practices (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Christian Science Practice'')

202

(1)

Interpretation of Genesis 1 (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Genesis'')

203

(1)

Two Testimonials to Healing (Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, ``Fruitage'')

204

(1)

The Scripture of the Unification Church

205

(1)

Dual Characteristics of the Universe and of Human Beings (Divine Principle 1.1.1.1)

205

(1)

The Purpose of the Creation of the Universe (Divine Principle 1.1.3.1)

206

(1)

The Spiritual Fall and the Physical Fall of Adam and Eve (Divine Principle 1.2.2.1--2)

207

(1)

The Restoration of Humanity (Divine Principle 1.3, Introduction)

208

(1)

Salvation through the Second Messiah, the True Parent (Divine Principle 2, Introduction)

209

(1)

The Advent of the Second Messiah as a Korean (Divine Principle 2.6, Introduction; 2.6.3.2--3)

210

(3)

Glossary

211

(1)

Questions for Study and Discussion

211

(1)

Scriptures in Film

211

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

212

(1)

Index

213

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Anthology of World Scriptures Western Religions

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