Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries

by Sosa, Anibal de J.; Byarugaba, Denis K.; Amabile-Cuevas, Carlos F.; Hsueh, Po-Ren; Kariuki, Samuel

• ISBN13: 9780387893693
• ISBN10: 0387893695
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-10-14
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Today, there is considerable literature regarding the subject of antimicrobial resistance. However, most of this information is based on information from developed countries. Very little organized information is available about the subject that critically examines the problem in developing countries. Scattered literature is available in various forms in journals that are often not easily accessible to the affected developing countries.The objective of the book is to put together data and information about the problem of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries addressing the general global perspectives, the risk factors, the current rates, trends, and possibilities for containment as they relate to specific conditions in those developing countries.

Table of Contents

General Issues in Antimicrobial Resistance
Global Perspectives of Antibiotic Resistance	p. 3
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance	p. 15
Poverty and Root Causes of Resistance in Developing Countries	p. 27
What the Future Holds for Resistance in Developing Countries	p. 37
The Introduction of Antimicrobial Agents in Resource-Constrained Countries: Impact on the Emergence of Resistance	p. 59
The Human Impact of Resistance
Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Resistance to Antiretroviral Drugs in Developing Countries	p. 75
Drug Resistance in Malaria in Developing Countries	p. 95
Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis	p. 117
Antifungal Drug Resistance in Developing Countries	p. 137
Drug Resistance in African Trypanosomiasis	p. 157
Antimicrobial Resistance in Enteric Pathogens in Developing Countries	p. 177
Bacterial-Resistant Infections in Resource-Limited Countries	p. 199
Prevalence of Resistant Enterococci in Developing Countries	p. 233
Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria from Developing Countries	p. 249
Resistance in Reservoirs and Human Commensals	p. 267
Antimicrobial Use and Misuse
Determinants of Antimicrobial Use: Poorly Understood-Poorly Researched	p. 283
Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Africa	p. 301
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Asia	p. 315
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean	p. 331
Hospital Infections by Antimicrobial-Resistant Organisms in Developing Countries	p. 347
Cost, Policy, and Regulation of Antimicrobials
The Economic Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Developing World	p. 365
Strengthening Health Systems to Improve Access to Antimicrobials and the Containment of Resistance	p. 385
The Role of Unregulated Sale and Dispensing of Antimicrobial Agents on the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries	p. 403
Counterfeit and Substandard Anti-infectives in Developing Countries	p. 413
Strategies to Contain Antimicrobial Resistance
Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries and Lessons Learned	p. 447
Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries: Needs, Constraints and Realities	p. 463
Vaccines: A Cost-Effective Strategy to Contain Antimicrobial Resistance	p. 477
Teaching Appropriate Antibiotic Use in Developing Countries	p. 491
Containing Global Antibiotic Resistance: Ethical Drug Promotion in the Developing World	p. 505
News Media Reporting of Antimicrobial Resistance in Latin America and India	p. 525
Index	p. 539
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