AntiPatterns Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis

by Brown, William J.; Malveau, Raphael C.; McCormick, Hays W. Skip; Mowbray, Thomas J.

• ISBN13: 9780471197133
• ISBN10: 0471197130
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-04-03
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

"The AntiPatterns authors have clearly been there and done that when it comes to managing software development efforts. I resonated with one insight after another, having witnessed too many wayward projects myself. The experience in this book is palpable." -John Vlissides, IBM Research "This book allows managers, architects, and developers to learn from the painful mistakes of others. The high-level AntiPatterns on software architecture are a particularly valuable contribution to software engineering. Highly recommended!" -Kyle Brown Author of The Design Patterns Smalltalk Companion "AntiPatterns continues the trend started in Design Patterns. The authors have discovered and named common problem situations resulting from poor management or architecture control, mistakes which most experienced practitioners will recognize. Should you find yourself with one of the AntiPatterns, they even provide some clues on how to get yourself out of the situation." -Gerard Meszaros, Chief Architect, Object Systems Group Are you headed into the software development mine field? Follow someone if you can, but if you're on your own-better get the map! AntiPatterns is the map. This book helps you navigate through today's dangerous software development projects. Just look at the statistics: * Nearly one-third of all software projects are cancelled. * Two-thirds of all software projects encounter cost overruns in excess of 200%. * Over 800f all software projects are deemed failures. While patterns help you to identify and implement procedures, designs, and codes that work, AntiPatterns do the exact opposite; they let you zero-in on the development detonators, architectural tripwires, and personality booby traps that can spell doom for your project. Written by an all-star team of object-oriented systems developers, AntiPatterns identifies 40 of the most common AntiPatterns in the areas of software development, architecture, and project management. The authors then show you how to detect and defuse AntiPatterns as well as supply refactored solutions for each AntiPattern presented.

Author Biography

WILLIAM J. BROWN is an independent consultant with extensive experience in large-scale software development project management. RAPHAEL C. MALVEAU is Chief Scientist at Eidea Labs and specializes in building CORBA applications using design patterns. HAYSW. "SKIP" McCORMICK III is a lead engineer at Mitre Corporation, focusing on object-oriented systems development and legacy systems integration. THOMAS J. MOWBRAY is the architect of one of the first CORBA-based applications systems. He is the Principal Scientist at Blueprint Technologies Corporation and an architecture columnist for Object Magazine.

Table of Contents

Dedication	iii	(10)
Foreword	xiii	(2)
Preface	xv	(2)
Acknowledgments	xvii	(2)
Author Biographies	xix	(2)
Executive Summary	xxi
Part 1--Introduction to AntiPatterns	3	(64)
Chapter 1--Introduction to Patterns and AntiPatterns	3	(12)
AntiPatterns: AntiHype	4	(2)
The Truth about Software Technology	6	(1)
What Is an AntiPattern?	7	(2)
Where Did AntiPatterns Come From?	9	(1)
Portland Pattern Repository	9	(2)
How to Kill a Software Project	11	(2)
AntiPatterns Research	13	(1)
AntiPatterns: The Book	13	(2)
Chapter 2--AntiPatterns Reference Model	15	(34)
Viewpoints	18	(1)
Root Causes	19	(7)
Haste	19	(1)
Apathy	20	(1)
Narrow-Mindedness	21	(1)
Sloth	22	(1)
Avarice	23	(1)
Ignorance	24	(1)
Pride	24	(2)
Primal Forces	26	(8)
What is a Primal Force?	27	(7)
Software Design-Level Model	34	(3)
Design Reuse versus Code Reuse	37	(9)
Object Level	38	(1)
Micro-Architecture Level	39	(1)
Framework Level	39	(1)
Application Level	40	(1)
System Level	41	(2)
Enterprise Level	43	(1)
Global Level	44	(1)
Level Summary	45	(1)
Architecture Scale and Primal Forces	46	(3)
Chapter 3--Templates for Patterns and AntiPatterns	49	(12)
Degenerate Form	50	(1)
Degenerate Pattern Form	50	(1)
Alexanderian Form	50	(1)
Alexanderian Pattern Form	50	(1)
Minimal Template (Micro-Pattern)	51	(1)
Micro-Pattern Template	51	(1)
Mini-Pattern Template	51	(1)
Inductive Mini-Pattern	51	(1)
Deductive Mini-Pattern	52	(1)
Formal Templates	52	(2)
Gang-of-Four Pattern	52	(1)
System of Pattern Template	53	(1)
Rethinking the Design Pattern Template	54	(1)
CORBA Design Pattern	54	(1)
Antipattern Templates	55	(2)
Pseudo-AntiPattern Template	56	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern	56	(1)
Full AntiPattern Template	57	(4)
Chapter 4--Advice for Using AntiPatterns	61	(6)
Dysfunctional Environments	62	(1)
AntiPatterns and Change	62	(2)
Fixed and Improvisational Responses	63	(1)
Writing New AntiPatterns	64	(2)
Summary	66	(1)
Part 2--AntiPatterns	67	(202)
Chapter 5--Software Development AntiPatterns	67	(74)
Software Refactoring	68	(1)
Formal Refactoring Transformations	68	(1)
Development AntiPattern Summaries	69	(4)
AntiPattern: The Blob	73	(12)
Background	73	(1)
General Form	73	(2)
Symptoms and Consequences	75	(1)
Typical Causes	76	(1)
Known Exceptions	77	(1)
Refactored Solution	77	(2)
Variations	79	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	80	(3)
Example	83	(2)
Mini-AntiPattern: Continuous Obsolescence	85	(2)
AntiPattern: Lava Flow	87	(8)
Background	87	(1)
General Form	88	(3)
Symptoms and Consequences	91	(1)
Typical Causes	91	(1)
Known Exceptions	92	(1)
Refactored Solution	92	(1)
Example	93	(1)
Related Solutions	94	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	94	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Ambiguous Viewpoint	95	(2)
AntiPattern: Functional Decomposition	97	(6)
Background	97	(1)
General Form	97	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	98	(1)
Typical Causes	98	(1)
Known Exceptions	99	(1)
Refactored Solution	99	(1)
Example	100	(1)
Related Solutions	101	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	102	(1)
AntiPattern: Poltergeists	103	(5)
Background	103	(1)
General Form	104	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	105	(1)
Typical Causes	105	(1)
Known Exceptions	106	(1)
Refactored Solution	106	(1)
Example	106	(1)
Related Solutions	107	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	107	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Boat Anchor	108	(3)
AntiPattern: Golden Hammer	111	(6)
Background	111	(1)
General Form	111	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	112	(1)
Typical Causes	113	(1)
Known Exceptions	113	(1)
Refactored Solution	113	(2)
Variations	115	(1)
Example	115	(1)
Related Solutions	116	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Dead End	117	(2)
AntiPattern: Spaghetti Code	119	(8)
Background	119	(1)
General Form	119	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	120	(1)
Typical Causes	120	(1)
Known Exceptions	121	(1)
Refactored Solution	121	(3)
Example	124	(3)
Related Solutions	127	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Input Kludge	127	(2)
Mini-AntiPattern: Walking through a Minefield	129	(4)
AntiPattern: Cut-and-Paste Programming	133	(5)
Background	133	(1)
General Form	133	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	134	(1)
Typical Causes	134	(1)
Known Exceptions	135	(1)
Refactored Solution	135	(1)
Example	136	(1)
Related Solutions	137	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Mushroom Management	138	(3)
Chapter 6--Software Architecture AntiPatterns	141	(68)
Architecture AntiPatterns Summaries	142	(3)
Mini-AntiPattern: Autogenerated Stovepipe	145	(2)
AntiPattern: Stovepipe Enterprise	147	(11)
Background	147	(1)
General Form	148	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	149	(1)
Typical Causes	149	(1)
Known Exceptions	149	(1)
Refactored Solution	150	(5)
Example	155	(1)
Related Solutions	156	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	157	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Jumble	158	(1)
AntiPattern: Stovepipe System	159	(7)
Background	159	(1)
General Form	159	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	160	(1)
Typical Causes	161	(1)
Known Exceptions	161	(1)
Refactored Solution	161	(2)
Example	163	(1)
Related Solutions	164	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	165	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Cover Your Assets	166	(1)
AntiPattern: Vendor Lock-In	167	(7)
Background	167	(2)
General Form	169	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	169	(1)
Typical Causes	169	(1)
Known Exceptions	170	(1)
Refactored Solution	170	(2)
Variations	172	(1)
Example	172	(1)
Related Solutions	173	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	174	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Wolf Ticket	174	(3)
AntiPattern: Architecture By Implication	177	(7)
Background	177	(1)
General Form	178	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	179	(1)
Typical Causes	179	(1)
Known Exceptions	179	(1)
Refactored Solution	180	(1)
Variations	181	(1)
Example	182	(1)
Related Solutions	183	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	183	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Warm Bodies	184	(3)
AntiPattern: Design By Committee	187	(10)
Background	187	(1)
General Form	188	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	188	(1)
Typical Causes	188	(1)
Known Exceptions	189	(1)
Refactored Solution	189	(3)
Variations	192	(1)
Example	192	(4)
Related Solutions, Patterns and AntiPatterns	196	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	196	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Swiss Army Knife	197	(2)
AntiPattern: Reinvent the Wheel	199	(8)
Background	199	(1)
General Form	200	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	200	(1)
Typical Causes	201	(1)
Known Exceptions	201	(1)
Refactored Solution	201	(2)
Variations	203	(1)
Example	203	(3)
Related Solutions	206	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	206	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: The Grand Old Duke of York	207	(2)
Chapter 7--Software Project Management AntiPatterns	209	(60)
Changing Role of Management	209	(2)
Death March Projects	209	(2)
Management AntiPattern Summaries	211	(3)
Mini-AntiPattern: Blowhard Jamboree	214	(1)
AntiPattern: Analysis Paralysis	215	(4)
Background	215	(1)
General Form	216	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	217	(1)
Typical Causes	217	(1)
Known Exceptions	217	(1)
Refactored Solution	218	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Viewgraph Engineering	219	(2)
AntiPattern: Death By Planning	221	(12)
Background	221	(1)
General Form	221	(2)
Symptoms and Consequences	223	(2)
Typical Causes	225	(1)
Known Exceptions	225	(1)
Refactored Solution	226	(2)
Variations	228	(2)
Example	230	(1)
Related Solutions	231	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	232	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Fear of Success	233	(2)
AntiPattern: Corncob	235	(8)
Background	235	(1)
General Form	236	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	236	(1)
Typical Causes	237	(1)
Known Exceptions	237	(1)
Refactored Solution	237	(2)
Variations	239	(2)
Examples	241	(1)
Related Solutions	242	(1)
Applicability to Other Viewpoints and Scales	242	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Intellectual Violence	243	(2)
AntiPattern: Irrational Management	245	(8)
Background	245	(1)
General Form	246	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	246	(1)
Typical Causes	246	(1)
Known Exceptions	247	(1)
Refactored Solution	247	(4)
Variations	251	(1)
Examples	251	(2)
Mini-AntiPattern: Smoke and Mirrors	253	(2)
AntiPattern: Project MisManagement	255	(6)
Background	255	(1)
General Form	255	(1)
Symptoms and Consequences	256	(1)
Typical Causes	256	(1)
Known Exceptions	257	(1)
Refactored Solution	257	(2)
Variations	259	(1)
Example	259	(1)
Related Solutions	260	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Throw It over the Wall	261	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: Fire Drill	262	(3)
Mini-AntiPattern: The Feud	265	(1)
Mini-AntiPattern: E-mail Is Dangerous	266	(3)
Part 3--Conclusions and Resources	269	(24)
Appendix A AntiPatterns Synopsis	269	(6)
Appendix B AntiPatterns Terminology	275	(6)
Appendix C Acronyms Used in AntiPatterns	281	(4)
Appendix D Bibliography	285	(8)
Index	293