Applied Community Policing in the 21st Century

by Stevens, Dennis J.

• ISBN13: 9780205332229
• ISBN10: 0205332226
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-07-08
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This exciting new community policing book and accompanying casebook focus on the realities of policing strategy and shows how these strategies impact American neighborhoods.This text takes an insightful look at how community policing strategies can be tailored to meet the new challenges caused by terrorist alerts and cultural changes within the U.S. Students will also explore the principal concepts of community policing and their relationship to culture, communities, and social order. Applied Community Policing in the 21st Century distinguishes itself from other policing texts in that it is rich with real life expectations of people who experience various forms of community police efforts every day. The text integrates measurements of community policing efforts and conclusions that are based on a wealth of research conducted by the author.Designed for anyone interested in policing and community policing, as well as the field of criminal justice.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Foreword	xvii
Police History and Community Policing	1	(18)
Key Terms	2	(1)
Key Topics	2	(1)
Introduction	2	(1)
History of Policing	3	(4)
Suspicion and Police Authority	4	(1)
Comparison of Early English and Early American Police	5	(2)
American Police Experiences	7	(6)
The Political Era	7	(1)
The Reform Era	8	(2)
The Community Problem-Solving Era	10	(1)
A Critical Review of Kelling and Moore's Account	11	(2)
Community-Policing Strategies	13	(3)
Police Critics	15	(1)
Planning for the Future	16	(1)
Summary	17	(1)
Do You Know?	18	(1)
Recommended Readings	18	(1)
Police Power, Order and Law, and Police Response	19	(23)
Key Terms	20	(1)
Key Topics	20	(1)
Gaining Community Acceptance and Professional Status	20	(3)
Grass Roots Politics	23	(2)
Defining Social Order	25	(4)
The Emergence of Law	26	(2)
Social Order and Change	28	(1)
Responses of the Criminal Justice Community	29	(2)
Community Changes and Police Practices	31	(1)
Social Disorder	32	(5)
The Nature of Crime	37	(1)
The Fear of Crime and Social Disorder	38	(1)
Residents, Fear of Crime, and Outcomes	39	(1)
Summary	40	(1)
Do You Know?	41	(1)
Culture, Social Class, and Population Change	42	(22)
Key Terms	43	(1)
Key Topics	43	(1)
Introduction	43	(1)
Culture	44	(7)
Instincts Versus Culture	45	(1)
Learning Culture	46	(1)
Material and Nonmaterial Cultural Components	46	(1)
World Culture	47	(1)
Cultural Pluralism	48	(2)
Ethnocentrism	50	(1)
Social Class in a Stratified Society	51	(5)
Class and Crime	53	(2)
Criticism of Class	55	(1)
Population Changes	56	(5)
Immigration	56	(5)
Poverty	61	(1)
Eurocentrism	62	(1)
Summary	62	(1)
Do You Know?	63	(1)
Cities, Neighborhoods, and Communities	64	(12)
Key Terms	65	(1)
Key Topics	65	(1)
Cities	65	(5)
Development and Change in American Cities	65	(1)
Early Studies of Cities	66	(1)
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Lifestyles	67	(1)
Early Perceptions of City Dwellers	68	(1)
Too Many Rights	68	(1)
Cities and Social Unity	69	(1)
Subcultural Perspective	70	(1)
Urban Social Relationships	70	(1)
Neighborhood	71	(1)
Community	71	(4)
Organizing Community Groups	73	(1)
Community Meetings	74	(1)
Summary	75	(1)
Do You Know?	75	(1)
Thinking about Behavior	76	(21)
Key Terms	77	(1)
Key Topics	77	(1)
Introduction	77	(1)
Why We Study Behavior	77	(2)
Theory of Social Order	79	(1)
Psychological Models	80	(7)
Conditioning	80	(1)
Classical Conditioning	81	(1)
Attitude	82	(1)
Cognitive Dissonance	83	(3)
Authoritarian Personality	86	(1)
Sociological Perspectives	87	(8)
Conflict Theory	87	(1)
Consensus Theory	88	(2)
Interactionist Perspective	90	(1)
Labeling Perspective	91	(1)
Control Theory	92	(1)
Violent Crime	93	(1)
Crime Is Healthy	94	(1)
Summary	95	(1)
Do You Know?	95	(1)
Websites	96	(1)
Thinking about Police Culture, and Police Management	97	(16)
Key Terms	98	(1)
Key Topics	98	(1)
Introduction	98	(1)
Police Culture	98	(4)
Cynical and Authoritarian, Isolationist, and Conservative Characteristics	99	(2)
Police Officers Live in Two Social Worlds	101	(1)
Socialization	102	(2)
Socialization Types	103	(1)
Leadership	104	(3)
Leadership Changes in Management	106	(1)
Community Policing Rationale and Importance of Managerial Style	107	(4)
Managerial Rationale	108	(3)
Total Quality Management	111	(1)
Summary	112	(1)
Do You Know?	112	(1)
Testing Police Strategies	113	(34)
Key Terms	114	(1)
Introduction	114	(1)
Fixed Measurements	114	(2)
Why Study the Explicit Test Process?	116	(1)
Explicit Tests	116	(4)
Applied Tests versus Pure Tests	117	(1)
Writing Style	117	(1)
Personal Opinion	117	(1)
Thinking about Causal Conditions	118	(1)
Causal Facts and Outcomes	119	(1)
Exhaustive and Mutually Exclusive Categories	119	(1)
Test It	120	(13)
The Stages of Testing Police Strategies	121	(1)
Stage One: Develop the Question to Examine Media Search and Problem Formulation	121	(2)
Stage Two: Design Your Test and Identify Your Sample	123	(7)
Stage Three: Gather and Process Information	130	(1)
Stage Four: Results	131	(1)
Stage Five: Analysis of the Results (Conclusion)	131	(2)
Summary	133	(1)
Do You Know?	134	(1)
Appendix A: Web Search Tutorials	135	(1)
Appendix B: Evaluating Hits, Search Tools and References, and Definitions of Search Functions	136	(1)
Evaluating Hits	136	(5)
Search Tools	137	(1)
Search Methods	137	(1)
Operators Used in Keyword Searches	138	(1)
Keyword Searching	139	(1)
Search Tools References	139	(2)
Appendix C: Internet Tools	141	(1)
Appendix D: Survey	142	(5)
Testing Police Strategies in Eight Jurisdictions	147	(10)
Key Terms	148	(1)
Key Topics	148	(1)
Introduction	148	(1)
Design	149	(2)
Characteristics of Survey Respondents	149	(2)
Survey Summary	151	(1)
Rating Police Behavior	151	(1)
Safety	151	(1)
Serious Neighborhood Problems	151	(2)
Solutions to Neighborhood Problems	151	(2)
Oversight Committees and Information	153	(1)
Community Municipal Services	154	(1)
Conclusions	154	(1)
Summary	155	(1)
Do You Know?	156	(1)
Testing Police Performance in Boston and Columbus	157	(19)
Key Terms	158	(1)
Key Topics	158	(1)
Introduction	158	(1)
Boston, Massachusetts	158	(5)
Refugees and Immigrants in Massachusetts, 2000	159	(1)
Boston Police Department	159	(1)
Crime Statistics	160	(1)
Neighborhood Policing	160	(1)
Implementation of Neighborhood Policing	161	(2)
Columbus, Ohio	163	(7)
Early Experiences of the CDP	163	(1)
Implementing Problem Solving	164	(1)
Resistance to Change	164	(1)
Department of Justice Investigation	165	(1)
Crime Report	166	(1)
Chief G. Jackson Talks about Community Policing	166	(2)
An Evaluation of CDP's COP/POP Efforts	168	(1)
Section Summary	169	(1)
Testing Police Performance	170	(2)
Professionalism	170	(1)
Safety	171	(1)
Neighborhood Problems	171	(1)
Remedies	172	(1)
Columbus	172	(1)
Boston	173	(1)
Summary	174	(1)
Do You Know?	175	(1)
Problem-Oriented Policing	176	(18)
Key Terms	177	(1)
Key Topics	177	(1)
Introduction	177	(1)
Medical Model Analogy	178	(1)
Problem-Oriented Policing	179	(14)
SARA	180	(1)
Problem-Oriented Policing in Savannah, Georgia	181	(1)
San Antonio, Texas Police Department	181	(1)
Line-Solution Problems in Las Vegas	182	(1)
Barriers to Neighborhood Policing in Newport News, Virginia	183	(1)
Excellence in Problem-Oriented Policing (POP)	183	(1)
The 1999 Winner: Green Bay Police Department	184	(1)
Common Themes among Agencies	185	(1)
Weaknesses of POP in St. Petersburg	186	(1)
Chicago's CAPS Program	187	(6)
Summary	193	(1)
Do You Know?	193	(1)
Saturation Patrol, Zero Tolerance, Refugees, and the Elderly	194	(18)
Key Terms	195	(1)
Key Topics	195	(1)
Saturation Patrol	195	(2)
Charlotte, North Carolina	195	(2)
University of Illinois, Chicago	197	(1)
Zero Tolerance	197	(2)
New York City Police Department	197	(1)
Downside of Zero Tolerance Policing	198	(1)
National Night Out	199	(2)
Marketing Community Policing: Cincinnati Police Department	201	(1)
Policing Refugees and Immigrants	201	(3)
Roanoke City, Virginia Police Department	201	(2)
Chelsea, Massachusetts Police Department and Conflict Intervention Unit	203	(1)
Technology Activities	204	(1)
Compstat: New York City Police Department	204	(1)
Nuisance Properties: DC, Chicago, and Fayetteville	205	(1)
Community Prosecution, Chicago Style	205	(1)
What Is Community Prosecution?	206	(1)
Traid, a Program for the Elderly	207	(4)
Historical Information	207	(1)
Why TRIAD?	207	(1)
TRIAD Programs	208	(1)
Norfolk County, Massachusetts's TRIAD Program	208	(1)
Palm Beach County, Florida's TRIAD Programs	209	(1)
Effectiveness of TRIAD Programs	210	(1)
Summary	211	(1)
Do You Know?	211	(1)
Family and Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault	212	(14)
Key Terms	213	(1)
Key Topics	213	(1)
Introduction	213	(1)
Family and Domestic Violence	214	(4)
General Information about Family Violence	214	(1)
Pleas of Family Violence Workers	214	(1)
Battered Woman's Syndrome	215	(1)
Mandatory Arrest for Spousal Abuse	216	(2)
Family Violence Is the Leading Offense	218	(2)
Quincy, Massachusetts Police Department	220	(1)
Sexual Assault	220	(2)
Alexandria, Virginia Police Department	220	(2)
About Alexandria's SARA	222	(1)
Community Notification Act	222	(2)
Summary	224	(1)
Do You Know?	225	(1)
Youth, Drugs, and Alcohol	226	(22)
Key Words	227	(1)
Key Topics	227	(1)
Introduction	227	(1)
Overview of Drug and Alcohol Abuse	227	(5)
Drug-Related Crime	229	(1)
Juveniles	230	(1)
Seizure of Illegal Drugs	231	(1)
Overview: Drugs and School	232	(14)
Police Strategies to Control Drugs and Alcohol	234	(1)
Strategies Used by the Chicago Police	234	(1)
Broken Arrow, Oklahoma	235	(1)
Youth Programs	236	(10)
Summary	246	(1)
Do You Know?	247	(1)
The Fear of Crime and Homicide	248	(17)
Key Terms	249	(1)
Key Topics	249	(1)
Introduction	249	(1)
Fear of Crime	249	(2)
The Fear of Crime and Homicide	251	(6)
Strategies for Reducing Homicide: Richmond, California	252	(1)
Community Based Non-Enforcement Strategies	253	(1)
The Importance of Employing a Multifaceted Strategy	253	(1)
Measuring the Impact of the Comprehensive Homicide Initiative in Richmond	254	(2)
Conclusion: Richmond, California	256	(1)
Repeat Offender Programs	257	(3)
Early Initiatives	257	(3)
Repeat-Offender Programs in Texas	260	(3)
San Antonio Police Department	260	(2)
Dallas Police Department	262	(1)
Summary	263	(1)
Do You Know?	264	(1)
Police Function and Change	265	(18)
Key Topics	266	(1)
Introduction	266	(1)
Changing a Way of Life	267	(12)
Eurocentric	267	(1)
Function of the American Police	268	(1)
Changes in Police Practice	269	(1)
Why Change Police Practice	269	(1)
How to Facilitate a Balance	270	(1)
Police Response to Quality Municipal Services	271	(1)
Police Response to Meeting Avoiders	272	(1)
Police Response to Fear of Crime	273	(1)
Police Response to Communication	274	(1)
Police Response to Community Advocacy	275	(2)
Police Response to Homeownership Issues	277	(1)
Police Response to Traditional Police Practice	278	(1)
Police Response to Political Interference	279	(1)
Police Response to Managerial Practice	280	(1)
Summary	281	(1)
Do You Know?	282	(1)
Websites	283	(4)
Bibliography	287	(6)
Index	293